水产品中河流弧菌分离株OmpU基因的克隆测序与生物信息学分析

目的 对河流弧菌(Vibrio fluvialis)水产品分离株OmpU基因进行克隆测序和生物信息学分析,为建立该菌的检测方法和研制疫苗奠定基础.方法 从市售水产品中分离细菌,采用表型和分子鉴定方法确定其种属,并测定其致病性和药物敏感性.根据弧菌属OmpU基因的序列特点,设计引物扩增河流弧菌OmpU基因,将其克隆到T载体上,筛选重组质粒并对其进行序列测定及生物信息学分析.结果 从水产品中分离的2个菌株(Vf1和Vt2)经鉴定确认为河流弧菌,它们均具有致病性,对15种测试抗菌药物敏感.2株河流弧菌OmpU基因全长分别为1 044和1 005 bp,含有1个开放性阅读框,分别编码由348和335个氨基酸组成的OmpU蛋白,该蛋白N端前22个氨基酸为信号肽.序列比对结果显示2株河流弧菌OmpU基因的核苷酸及其推导的氨基酸序列相似性分别为82.6％和81.2％.OmpU蛋白序列在6种弧菌种内和种间的相似性分别为81.4％ ～ 99.2％和71.2％ ～78.1％.表位预测结果显示河流弧菌OmpU蛋白的B细胞线性表位主要集中在第24 ～ 28、45～ 53、113～116、153～156、215～ 221和242～254位氨基酸区域,6种弧菌具有1个共同的抗原表位基序KDG-A-D-S.结论 OmpU蛋白是弧菌属中较为保守的一类功能蛋白,共同的抗原表位基序有望成为检测多种弧菌的靶标和研制多表位疫苗的靶位.     

猪细小病毒自然弱毒N株VP2基因的克隆、测序及生物信息学分析

本研究对猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)自然弱毒N株(PPV-N)VP2基因进行克隆、测序并利用生物信息学技术分析PPV-NVP2蛋白基因的同源性、遗传进化、密码子偏爱性、糖基化位点、磷酸化位点、B细胞抗原表位及其二、三级结构。结果表明:成功扩增出包含VP2基因完整目的片段(1901bp),构建了VP2基因的克隆重组质粒pMD18-T-VP2,测序获取VP2基因序列(1740bp)并将该序列登录到GenBank(HM355807)。PPVVP2基因属高度保守的基因;PPV-N株与PPV弱毒代表毒株NADL-2株亲缘性近,推测PPV-N株属于弱毒株;PPV-N株VP2基因氨基酸密码子偏爱以A结尾的密码子;PPV-N株VP2蛋白可能存在7个糖基化位点,其丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸可能分别有9、7、8个磷酸化位点,可能存在24个B细胞抗原表位;PPV-N株VP2蛋白二级结构预测,α-螺旋占11.74%,β-折叠占22.97%,无规则卷曲占65.28%,而三维结构预测VP2蛋白主要以无规则卷曲为主,存在多个螺旋和折叠区域。本研究结果为进一步阐释PPV-N株自然弱毒的分子机理提供依据,并为PPV分子诊断试剂及基因工程疫苗研究等提供有益借鉴。     

007拟态弧菌毒力相关基因的分布

弧菌属包括霍乱弧菌、副溶血弧菌、河弧菌和拟态弧菌等一些引起肠道疾病的种。霍乱弧菌引起世界上许多地区，尤其是发展中国家，发生严重的霍乱流行。拟态弧菌曾被认为是霍乱弧菌的一个生物型，与霍乱弧菌非常相似，它们共有某些致病因子如肠毒素、溶血素。在霍乱弧菌中，认为ToxR、ToxS、     

牛RHOQ基因的电子克隆与生物信息学分析

利用电子克隆技术获得牛RHOQ基因cDNA序列,采用生物信息学方法对该基因及其编码蛋白的基本理化性质、疏水性、信号肽、二级结构和亚细胞定位等方面进行预测和分析。结果表明,牛RHOQ基因的cDNA序列全长1 517 bp,包含1个618 bp开放阅读框,编码205个氨基酸;其编码蛋白属疏水性蛋白,不存在信号肽及跨膜结构,定位于分泌系统囊泡;二级结构主要以无规则卷曲和α-螺旋为主。牛RHOQ基因编码蛋白可能具有生长因子功能,可能在神经再生和突触延伸过程中起重要作用。     

副溶血弧菌海产品和临床分离株的表型及溶血素相关基因分析

副溶血弧菌是(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)常见的食源性病原菌,可污染多种水产品,并引起人的食物中毒,其致病性与溶血素密切相关,如直接耐热溶血素(TDH)、TDH-相关溶血素(TRH)、不耐热溶血素(TLH)。用PCR方法对分离自浙江省部分地区的副溶血弧菌临床和海产品分离株的3种溶血素基因进行检测。结果表明,所有副溶血弧菌菌株均可检测到tlh基因;11株临床分离株均检测到tdh基因,而42株水产品分离株中只有1株检出tdh基因,携带tdh的分离株神奈川试验(KP)均为阳性。所有分离菌株中均未检测到trh基因以及其尿素酶试验呈阴性,由此可知trh基因可能与尿素酶基因连锁。副溶血弧菌分离株中致病性相关毒力因子TDH的阳性率极低,然而副溶血弧菌性食物中毒发生率较高,它们之间的关系及其发病机制还有待深入研究。     

溶藻弧菌溶血活性检测及溶血素基因、启动子区功能

[目的]研究溶藻弧菌的溶血现象,溶血素基因vah的分布及vah基因、vah启动子区对溶藻弧菌溶血活性的贡献.[方法]对46株分离自华南沿海水生动物体内和海水的溶藻弧菌环境株及溶藻弧菌标准株1.1587进行溶血实验;比较具有溶血活性的溶藻弧菌野生株ZJ051、vah基因大肠杆菌BL21重组表达株、vah缺失突变株和基因回补株间溶血能力的差异;检测vah基因在溶藻弧菌中的分布,比较溶血株与非溶血株vah基因及上游启动子区的序列差异.[结果]47.8％的溶藻弧菌菌株产生溶血活性,因此溶血现象普遍存在于溶藻弧菌环境株中;vah基因的表达产物具有溶血活性,vah基因缺失突变株不具有溶血活性,而vah基因回补株恢复溶血活性.vah基因普遍存在于溶藻弧菌中,且基因序列非常相似,氨基酸序列完全相同,然而不同菌株的启动子区第188-190碱基位点存在差异.[结论]溶藻弧菌vah基因是造成溶藻弧菌溶血的直接原因,但溶藻弧菌溶血能力的差异并非是由vah基因本身差异决定,极有可能与启动子区第188-190碱基位点相关.     

牦牛HORMAD1基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

利用分子克隆技术获得了牦牛HORMAD1基因编码区序列,并采用生物信息学方法对该基因及其编码蛋白的基本理化性质、疏水性、信号肽、二级结构等方面进行了预测和分析.结果表明,牦牛HORMAD1基因包含一个长度为1 182 bp的开放阅读框,编码393个氨基酸;其编码蛋白属于亲水性蛋白,无明显的信号肽,含有很多个磷酸化位点.二级结构主要以无规则卷曲和α螺旋为主.HORMAD1基因编码产物氨基酸邻接系统树表明,牦牛HORMAD1与黄牛、马和猪等物种的HORMAD1氨基酸遗传距离较近,具有高度相似性.     

乌龟Sox基因的克隆及测序

参照人SRY基因HMG-box保守区的序列,设计1对兼并引物,扩增了乌龟（Chinemys reevesii)的Sox基因,并对扩增产物进行了克隆和测序,结果在雌雄个体中均筛选出4个不同的Sox基因,无性别差异性;其DNA序列和编码的氨基酸序列与人相应的SOX基因的相似性分别为92%、91%、84%、92%和100%、93%、98%、98%,显示出高度的保守性。     

致病性猪链球菌2型溶血素基因的克隆与表达

目的：克隆溶血素基因,为评价溶血素的毒力与抗原活性,构建猪链球菌疫苗提供依据。方法：从致病性猪链球菌II型四川资阳分离株基因组中分离溶血素基因,经中间T载体,将其克隆至改造的pGEX-6p1中,最后通过蛋白质电泳和溶血实验检验溶血素的表达及活性。结果：SDS-PAGE结果表明,重组溶血素在5h表达水平最高,10h次之,15h最弱;溶血实验重组菌周围形成明显的透明溶血环。结论：溶血素为分泌性早期表达,具有正常的β溶血活性。     

Purification and characterization of a hemolysin of Vibrio mimicus that relates to the thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A hemolysin (designated Vm-rTDH) from Vibrio mimicus (AQ0915-E13) was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-25, hydroxyapatite, Mono Q, Superose 12 and Phenyl-Superose. The Mr of the subunit was estimated to be about 22,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-slab gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of Vm-rTDH was approximately pH 4.9. The hemolytic activity of Vm-rTDH was stable upon heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min, similar to that of the thermostable direct hemolysin (Vp-TDH) of V. parahaemolyticus. Vm-rTDH also showed lytic activities similar to those of Vp-TDH. Immunological cross-reactivity between Vp-TDH and Vm-rTDH was demonstrated by the Ouchterlony double-diffusion test. Thus we conclude that V. mimicus produces a newly discovered type of hemolysin (Vm-rTDH) which is similar to Vp-TDH.     

A novel extracellular protease of Vibrio mimicus that mediates maturation of an endogenous hemolysin

Vibrio mimicus, a human pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, produces an enterotoxic hemolysin as a virulence factor. The hemolysin is secreted extracellularly as an inactive protoxin and converted to a mature toxin through removal of the N‐terminal propeptide, which comprises 151 amino acid residues. In this study, a novel protease having the trypsin‐like substrate specificity was purified from the bacterial culture supernatant. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was identical with putative trypsin VMD27150 of V. mimicus strain VM573. The purified protease was found to cause maturation of the protoxin by cleavage of the Arg¹⁵¹? Ser¹⁵² bond. Deletion of the protease gene resulted in increased amounts of the protoxin in the culture supernatant. In addition, expression of the hemolysin and protease genes was detected during the logarithmic growth phase. These findings indicate that the protease purified may mediate maturation of the hemolysin.

     

Cloning and molecular characterization of a unique hemolysin gene of Vibrio pommerensis sp. nov.: development of a DNA probe for the detection of the hemolysin gene and its use in identification of related Vibrio spp. from the Baltic Sea

A group of hemolytic Vibrio strains was isolated from surface water of the Baltic Sea in 1995. A typical representative strain, CH-291, was found to lyse washed human and animal erythrocytes. Hemolysis was found to be calcium-dependent and occurred over a temperature range from 25 to 37 degrees C. The hemolysin-encoding genes were identified by screening a genomic library of total DNA from strain CH-291. A cloned chromosomal DNA fragment of 15.6 kb conferred to Escherichia coli DH5alpha a hemolytic phenotype. Hybridization and sequence analysis showed the cloned sequence to be unique to these Baltic Sea Vibrio isolates and therefore provides a useful marker for their identification. Moreover, the cloned 15.6-kb DNA fragment possessed structural features typical for genetic islands, including a decreased GC content and a flanking cryptic insertion sequence element.     

Identification of the siderophores from Vibrio hollisae and Vibrio mimicus as aerobactin

Abstract Hydroxamate siderophores were purified from low-iron cultures of Vibrio hollisae ATCC 33564 and Vibrio mimicus ATCC 33653. By a combination of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and compositional analysis, both of the siderophores were identified as aerobactin, a citrate-based dihydroxamate siderophore, which is highly prevalent in species of the family Enterobacteriaceae . Four other clinical strains belonging to these species also produced aerobactin. In response to iron limitation, all strains expressed two high molecular mass outer membrane proteins. The protein with an apparent molecular mass of 77 kDa, which was common to all strains examined, may be the ferric aerobactin receptor.     

Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding a new thermostable hemolysin from Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A new thermostable hemolysin (delta-VPH) gene was cloned from a Kanagawa-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain into vector pBR322 in Escherichia coli K12. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences had no homology with those of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) which causes the Kanagawa phenomenon, and of the thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) of V. parahaemolyticus. The gene was present in all V. parahaemolyticus strains tested and also in one strain of V. damsela.     

Purification and characterization of a heat-stable enterotoxin of Vibrio mimicus

A heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Vibrio mimicus (VM-ST) was studied. VM-ST was purified from a culture supernatant of V. mimicus strain AQ-0915 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxyapatite treatment, ethanol extraction, column chromatography on both SP-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE-Sephadex A-25, and HPLC, and the recovery rate was about 15%. Purified VM-ST was heat-stable. VM-ST activity was cross-neutralized by anti-STh antiserum. The amino acid composition of the purified VM-ST was determined 17 amino acid residues in the following sequence: Ile-Asp-Cys-Cys-Glu-Ile-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Phe-Gly-Cys-Leu-Asn. This composition and sequence were identical to those of V. cholerae non-O1-ST. These results clearly demonstrate the production of a characteristic VM-ST by V. mimicus.     

The ability of two different Vibrio spp. bacteriophages to infect Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus

AIMS: To determine the host range of the Vibrio harveyi myovirus-like bacteriophage (VHML) and the cholera toxin conversion bacteriophage (CTX Phi) within a range of Vibrio cholerae and V. mimicus and V. harveyi, V. cholerae and V. mimicus isolates respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three V. harveyi, eight V. cholerae and five V. mimicus isolates were incubated with VHML and CTX Phi. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the presence of VHML and CTX Phi in infected isolates. We demonstrated that it was possible to infect one isolate of V. cholerae (isolate ACM #2773/ATCC #14035) with VHML. This isolate successfully incorporated VHML into its genome as evident by positive PCR amplification of the sequence coding part of the tail sheath of VHML. Attempts to infect all other V. cholerae and V. mimicus isolates with VHML were unsuccessful. Attempts to infect V. cholerae non-01, V. harveyi and V. mimicus isolates with CTX Phi were unsuccessful. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteriophage infection is limited by bacteriophage-exclusion systems operating within bacterial strains and these systems appear to be highly selective. One system may allow the co-existence of one bacteriophage while excluding another. VHML appears to have a narrow host range which may be related to a common receptor protein in such strains. The lack of the vibrio pathogenicity island bacteriophage (VPI Phi) in the isolates used in this study may explain why infections with CTX Phi were unsuccessful. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The current study has demonstrated that Vibrio spp. bacteriophages may infect other Vibrio spp.     

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of arylesterase from Vibrio mimicus.

Single crystals of arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) from Vibrio mimicus have been obtained from ammonium sulfate as a precipitant at room temperature for 2 months. The present crystals diffract up to 2.2 A resolution and belong to monoclinic space group P2(1). The cell dimensions are a = 55.65(1) A, b = 53.46(1) A, c = 65.79(1) A, and beta = 106.54(1) degrees. There are two molecules of molecular weight 22 kDa in an asymmetric unit with a solvent content of 43%.     

A gene for the enterotoxin zonula occludens toxin is present in Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio cholerae O139

Abstract The presence of the zonula occludens toxin (ZOT) gene, which encodes an enterotoxin produced by serotype O1 strains of the pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio cholerae , in addition to cholera toxin, was investigated in selected strains of V. mimicus and the new pandemic V. cholerae non-O1 serotype O139. The zot gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, using sets of primers based on the sequence of the V. cholerae O1 zot sequence. PCR amplification of genomic DNAs of both cholera toxin gene ( ctx ) positive and ctx⁻ strains of V. mimicus detected the presence of zot gene. An Acc -I- Eco RV V. cholerae zot gene fragment designed to overlap PCR products was used as a probe. Southern hybridization studies confirmed that the PCR fragments from V. mimicus and V. cholerae O139 were strongly homologous to the V. cholerae O1 zot gene. The zot gene was found with 3 to 5 strains of V. mimicus of which only one strain harbored the ctx gene. The presence of a zot gene in ctx⁻ toxigenic V. mimicus indicates a possible role of ZOT in the toxigenicity of this species. We conclude that, in addition to ctx, V. mimicus and V. cholerae O139 have the potential to produce ZOT.