栽培草莓潜在印记基因FaTRG-31的克隆与特征分析北大核心CSCD

在前期通过筛选获得草莓候选印记基因FaTRG-31(turgor-responsive protein 31)的基础上,以八倍体栽培草莓‘红颜’(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.‘Benihoppe’)为材料,对FaTRG-31基因的编码序列进行克隆、生物信息学、组织表达、启动子和印记特性分析,以揭示该基因的作用机理,为草莓印记基因表达调控及生物学功能研究奠定基础。结果显示:(1)草莓FaTRG-31基因开放阅读框(ORF)全长999 bp,编码332个氨基酸,含有典型的Asn-Pro-Ala(NPA)基序和6个跨膜结构,定位于细胞质膜,属于典型的AQP蛋白(aquaporin)家族;系统进化树深入分析表明FaTRG-31为PIPs(plasma intrinsic proteins)亚家族1型蛋白。(2)草莓FaTRG-31在不同组织中均有表达,胚乳中的表达量最高,且在FaTRG-31基因上游克隆出的1989 bp启动子序列中发现含有与胚乳特异表达相关的作用元件,此外还有多种非生物胁迫响应元件和激素响应元件等。(3)草莓印记特性分析结果显示,FaTRG-31在胚乳中的SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)位点处测序峰为单峰且是母本表达,即该基因在栽培草莓胚乳中为母本表达印记基因。(4)非生物胁迫处理后分析发现,草莓FaTRG-31基因能在不同程度上响应非生物胁迫。     

水稻谷蛋白基因GluC启动子的克隆及表达分析

水稻谷蛋白仅在水稻种子胚乳中表达,其启动子是分离胚乳特异性表达启动子的理想材料。本研究克隆了GluC基因启动子pGluC,生物信息学分析表明pGluC内部含有胚乳特异性表达所需要的Skn-1 motif和ACGT-box元件。将pGluC启动子和7个5'端缺失启动子片段构建到pGPTV-GUS载体上,转化水稻愈伤组织,进行组织化学染色和GUS酶活分析。结果表明：全长及截短的-1 911、-1 611、-1 311 bp启动子均能驱动GUS基因在水稻种子胚乳中高效稳定表达。-999、-451、-203、-102 bp启动子失去了胚乳表达特异性,在根、茎或者叶中也检测到GUS表达。该结果为实现外源目的基因在水稻胚乳中特异高效表达提供了理论依据。     

水稻胚乳特异性启动子Gt1的克隆及其在玉米中的功能验证

以水稻基因组DNA为模板,用PCR方法克隆了水稻谷蛋白基因G t1的启动子序列,并将其构建到带有绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)的植物表达载体上,用微束激光穿刺法转化玉米的受体组织,通过外源基因瞬时表达的方法验证了该启动子的功能,结果表明在胚乳中有较强的表达,而在其它组织中表达很弱;证明了水稻谷蛋白基因G t1的启动子在不同物种玉米中同样具有胚乳特异表达的功能。为这一胚乳特异启动子的广泛利用提供了理论依据。     

水稻种子特异表达OsEm基因5'上游调控区的克隆与序列分析

植物分子农场能以低成本大规模生产重组医药蛋白,种子是重组蛋白最理想的积累场所。为了获得分子医药种子特异表达启动子,以取材方便的地方栽培水稻为材料克隆了种子特异Os Em基因767 bp的5'端调控序列。顺式作用元件分析的结果发现5'端调控序列含有50 bp的核心启动子区域和保守的调控元件TATA box及CAAT box,还含有脱落酸和茉莉酸甲酯等激素响应元件、光反应元件、缺氧特异诱导元件以及种子特异性元件。进一步分析发现本研究克隆的序列内部有15 bp的核苷酸缺失,它与Gen Bank收录的野生型水稻Os Em基因5'端调控序列之间的序列相似性为98.08%。上述结果揭示不同来源的Os Em基因5'端调控序列具有序列多样性,它们能够参与激素、光和逆境胁迫防御等反应,可作为植物分子农场种子特异性启动子。     

水稻胚乳特异表达基因的挖掘及顺式元件分析

本研究旨在利用计算机方法对水稻胚乳特异性表达基因进行挖掘和功能分析,及特异性顺式调控元件的预测。我们将基因在不同组织中的表达信号谱看作多维空间内的向量,利用向量夹角余弦法计算其与理想状态下该基因在某一组织特异表达向量的相似度,以此来判断组织特异性表达基因。本文通过对水稻芯片数据的大规模分析,共挖掘出了127个在水稻胚乳中特异表达基因。并对其启动子进行顺式元件预测,发现两个与胚乳特异表达相关的顺式调控元件,其保守序列分别为CATGCATSCM和GATCGATCGR。与已知功能的顺式元件比较显示,前者为种子特异基因表达相关的RY repeat元件,而后者则与元件RNFG1相似,但其具体功能尚不明确。     

水稻bZIP蛋白REB结合Wx基因启动子中的GCN4基序

在水稻Wx基因启动子中找到了一个由胚乳基序(EM)和GCN4基序组成的双元胚乳盒. 许多文献报道,种子贮存蛋白基因启动子中的胚乳盒与基因的种子专一性表达有关,一类bZIP家族的转录因子通过结合胚乳盒中的GCN4基序而调控相应基因在种子中专一性表达.本文证明了水稻Wx基因启动子的胚乳盒中的GCN4基序能被水稻未成熟种子中的核蛋白识别并结合.进一步采用PCR的方法克隆了水稻bZIP家族的转录因子——REB的部分cDNA,并在E.coli中表达了REB融合蛋白.凝胶滞后试验结果表明,除文献报道,REB能结合α-globulin启动子上的靶位点外,REB也能识别并结合水稻Wx基因启动子的GCN4基序.     

两个水稻胚乳启动子的克隆及表达分析

启动子的克隆对基因表达及基因工程研究有重要意义。根据数据库中EST丰度,从水稻中克隆了两个预测在水稻胚乳中高效表达的启动子Os772和Os359,并将启动子片段与GUS报告基因融合,构建了重组表达载体。通过农杆菌介导方法将其导入水稻愈伤组织细胞。转基因水稻经GUS组织化学分析显示,Os772和Os359能启动GUS基因在水稻胚乳中表达但不能在根、茎、叶和花中表达。该结果表明Os772和Os359为两个水稻胚乳特异性启动子。     

马铃薯块茎组织特异性启动子的克隆及序列分析

利用PCR技术从马铃薯陇薯3号基因组DNA中扩增出长度约为1.0 kb的DNA片段,经与T载体连接,测序表明,克隆到的DNA片段大小为969 bp,该序列与GenBank中已公布的patatin启动子序列同源性为97.94％;采用植物顺式调控元件数据库PLACE和PlantCare进行序列分析,结果表明,该片段含有启动子的保守序列TATA-box和CAAT-box,且在CAAT-box上游有8 bp的增强子.此外,还具有马铃薯块茎蛋白patatin基因启动子保守调控序列的蔗糖效应元件(SURE)4个及马铃薯储藏物特异结合调控patatin蛋白表达位点(B-box)2个,而这些特异序列可能是基因特异表达所必须的.     

大麦与油菜种皮特异启动子表达模式的比较

启动子位于转录起始位点上游并能特异性地结合RNA聚合酶,其作为调控序列驱动外源基因在异源植物中表达,从而实现转基因的高效性,具有时空表达特异性的启动子对获得有效转基因植物及产物具有重要意义。为了解种皮特异启动子的表达模式,该研究基于前期报道的序列,通过同源克隆的方法分别从大麦和油菜中克隆获得Gerb和Bntt两个种皮特异性启动子,并对其进行生物信息学分析,构建了Gerb::GUS和Bntt::GUS植物表达载体并转化拟南芥,通过组织化学染色观察了GUS的表达情况。结果表明:两种启动子序列中都含有多拷贝种皮特异表达启动子元件以及多种胁迫诱导响应元件;转基因拟南芥幼苗期,大麦Gerb种皮特异启动子驱动GUS全株表达且子叶和下胚轴较真叶和根中表达量高;油菜Bntt种皮特异启动子表达较弱;成株期,Gerb在不同组织(叶片、茎、花序和角果)中均有表达,未显示组织特异性;Bntt仅在叶片及角果维管束中有微弱表达。在各种非生物胁迫下,Gerb表达模式未发生显著变化,而Bntt仅在盐胁迫下显示很强的角果和种子特异性表达,其他胁迫未见明显表达。以上结果显示,大麦种皮特异性启动子Gerb和油菜种皮特异性启动子Bntt在时间和空间表达模式上存在差异,这对今后选择种皮特异启动子具有参考作用,但其具体机制仍需进一步研究验证。     

人类α-actin 启动子真核表达载体的构建

目的 利用PCR技术克隆了人类α-actin 基因的启动子(约450 bp).方法 将PCR产物连接到pMD-18T载体上,酶切鉴定后测序,并进行软件分析.结果与结论 序列分析表明,扩增片段虽然与GenBank里登陆的序列同源性仅为72%,但包含有完整的启动子元件和转录专一调节因子相应的识别序列.用去掉启动子的pEGFP-N1作为框架结构,尝试构建真核表达载体,并获得了含人类心肌α-actin启动子的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-α-actin-P.     

Octamer motif is required for the NF-kappaB-mediated induction of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages

The promoter of the mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has a putative octamer motif (ATGCAAAA) which exists 24 bp upstream from the TATA box and is mismatched at a single residue from the consensus octamer motif. To examine whether this site is involved in iNOS expression, we constructed various deletions and site-directed mutants of the iNOS promoter linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene, transfected the constructs into RAW 264.7 macrophages, and stimulated the cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CAT activity was not induced by LPS in constructs containing only the octamer motif (-71 to +82), but was induced with constructs containing the octamer motif and the upstream sequences of the NF-kappaB site (-91 to +82). However, a site-directed mutation of the octamer motif in the context of the -91 to +82 promoter construct or an extended promoter construct (-1542 to +82) abolished IFN-gamma and/or LPS-induced CAT activity. Similar results were obtained from site-directed mutants at either the NF-kappaB site or both the NF-kappaB site and octamer motif in these two constructs. In addition, we demonstrated that the conversion of the iNOS octamer motif into a consensus sequence increased CAT activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) performed with the NF-kappaB site or the octamer motif-containing oligonucleotide probe revealed that NF-kappaB binding was induced by LPS treatment, while the Oct-1 binding was constitutive. Competition assays performed with octamer-related oligonucleotide competitors derived from the immunoglobulin-kappaB or SV40 promoter confirmed the identity of the iNOS promoter sequence as being a Oct-1 binding site. EMSA carried out using a probe containing both the NF-kappaB site and the octamer motif identified two LPS-induced complexes. Competition assays with each NF-kappaB site or octamer motif competitor revealed that NF-kappaB and Oct-1 were present in these two complexes. These data suggest that, besides the NF-kappaB site, the octamer motif is essential for the maximal expression of the iNOS gene in murine macrophages, and the direct interaction of Oct-1 and NF-kappaB is important for the regulation of this gene.     

Experimentally determined sequence requirement of ACGT-containing abscisic acid response element

The sequence requirement of the ACGT-containing abscisic acid response element (ABRE) was analyzed by systematically substituting the bases surrounding the ACGT-core of motif A, the principal ABRE of the rice gene, OSEM: This was done within the context of a 55-bp promoter fragment that minimally confers ABA-responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. Based on this analysis, the sequence requirement of the ACGT-containing ABRE was determined as ACGTG G/T C, which matched very well with the consensus derived from sequence comparison of ABA-responsive promoters.     

Characterization of the promoter elements for the staphylococcal enterotoxin D gene

Deletion analysis of the promoter for the Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin D determinant indicated that a 52-bp sequence, from -34 to +18, was sufficient for sed promoter function and agr regulation. A consensus -10 Pribnow box sequence, a less conserved -35 sequence, and a TG dinucleotide motif were present. Transcribed sequences (+1 to +18) are essential for promoter activity.     

The signal for growth rate control and stringent sensitivity in E. coli is not restricted to a particular sequence motif within the promoter region.

Hybrid promoter constructs were used to determine the DNA sequence requirements for stringent and growth rate control within a promoter region. The promoters were obtained by fusing complementing sequence regions located upstream and downstream from the GCGC discriminator motif of the growth rate regulated rRNA P1 promoter and a non-regulated tac promoter variant. The activities and the regulatory response of the hybrid promoters were determined in vivo using a promoter test vector system with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Measurements were made at different growth rates and after starvation for isoleucine to induce the stringent response. Neither the upstream nor the downstream sequence of P1 relative to the GCGC discriminator motif conferred comparable regulatory features when fused to the complementing sequences of the non-regulated mutant tac promoter. A minor response to amino acid deprivation or changes in the growth rate was noted for the hybrid promoter with the rrnB P1 upstream segment and the tac downstream element, pointing to a slightly different importance of the two sequence elements for regulation. The parallel effects for stringent as well as growth rate regulation of the hybrid promoters supports the view of a common mechanism for both types of control. However, none of the promoter sequence elements on its own was able to restore the complete regulatory behaviour of their 'parent' promoters.     

Identification of a novel DNA-binding protein to osmotin promoter

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