Cytotaxonomic study ofTragopogon L. in czechoslovakia

Karyotypes ofTragopogon orientalis L. subsp.orientalis, T orientalis L. subsp.leiocarpos (Sauter)Trnka,T. pratensis L.,T. minor Miller,T. dubius Scop. subsp.dubius andT. dubius Scop. subsp.major (Jacq.)Vollmann were studied. The occurrence in Slovakia ofT. pratensis was karyologically proved.     

Reclassifications and new names for some European Phanerogams

On the basis of taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions of various plant groups 37 new nomenclatural combinations are proposed mostly for European phanerogamous taxa (21 for species, 14 for subspecies, 2 for hybrids.)Medicula Medicus,Pseudofumaria Medicus andThlasidia Rafin. are accepted as taxonomically justified genera and correct generic names.Dactylorhiza longebracteata (F. W. Schmidt)Holub is proposed instead ofD. fuchsii (Druce) Soó, andHylotelephium triphyllum (Haworth) Holub isstead ofH. purpureum (L.)Holub.     

Two hybrids ofThymus hyemalis Lange (Labiatae) from Southeastern Spain

Two new hybrids in the genusThymus, Th. × indalicus Blanca et al., nothosp. nov. [=Th. baeticus Boiss. exLacaita ×Th. hyemalis Lange subsp.hyemalis] andTh. × enicensis Blanca et al., nothosp. nov. [=Th. hyemalis Lange subsp.hyemalis × Th. zygis Loefl. ex L. subsp.gracilis (Boiss.)R. Morales] are described. Until now no hybrids ofTh. hyemalis have been described, due to its early period of flowering and because it hybridizes with closely related species, making rather difficult the detection of such hybrids.     

Selected subspecies names from Richter,Plantae Europeae,Vol. 1, 1890

The bookK. Richter, Plantae europeae, Vol. 1, 1890, is analyzed from the viewpoint of nomenclature of subspecies names. 264 subspecies names interesting from the standpoint of contemporary taxonomy and nomenclature are selected from the total number of 840 subspecies names for a commented list. Seventeen important cases are dealt with separately in greater detail. Eleven new nomenclatural combinations (two for species, nine for subspecies) are proposed in the Appendix. Types for two generic names (Acorellus Palla andJuncellus C. B. Clarke) are proposed. A new term “parabasionym” is applied for names establishing the priority of infraspecific epithets in the rank in question. The need to respect the newly accepted principle of priority of autonymic subspecies names at proposing new nomenclatural combinations is stressed. Examples ofRichter’s subspecies names having priority, subspecies names with necessary changes in their authorship and names having a possible importance as parabasionyms are enumerated in separate lists.     

Bemerkungen zu einigen balkanischenOxytropis-Arten

The present paper deals with the following three mountainOxytropis species:Oxytropis urumovii Jáv. inUrumov, an endemic species of the Pirin (Bulgaria);O. dinarica (Murb.) Wettst. distributed predominantly in Yugoslavia, andO. campestris which is common in the East Alps, but very rare in the Balkans. Three subspecies ofO. dinarica were distinguished: subsp.dinarica, subsp.weberi Chrtek etChrtková, and subsp.velebitica Chrtek etChrtková. In addition, a new combinationO. halleri Bunge exKoch subsp.korabensis (Kümmerle etJáv.)Chrtek etChrtková is given.     

Further taxonomic notes onRubiaceae in Europe

Several new names and combinations of EuropeanRubiaceae, i.e.Galium andCruciata, are proposed. The nomenclatorial interpretation ofGalium saxatile L. (=G. harcynicum Weigel) andG. megalospermum All. (=G. helveticum Weigel) is clarified. Among important publications from the year 1806Willdenow, Sp. Pl.4(2) has priority overSibthorp etSmith, Prodr. Fl. Graec.1 (part 1).     

A revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis (Compositae)

On the basis of allozyme and cultivation data, and of additional herbarium material, a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis A.J. Richards exKirschner et?těpánek is provided. The section is made up of halophilous, sexually reproducing taxa. InT. stenocephalum Boiss. etKotschy,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., andT. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid chromosome number has been recorded, representing the only known case of sexuality at the tetraploid level in the genus. The complex ofT. stenocephalum, includes some geographically and morphologically extreme populations treated as subspecies: subsp.gumusanicum (Soest)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov., subsp.magnum Kirschner et?těpánek, subsp. nov., and subsp.daralagesicum (Schischk.)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov. In addition toT. bessarabicum (Hornem.)Hand.-Mazz., a widely distributed Eurasian species,T. stenocephalum, a complex centred in Transcaucasia and Anatolia, andT. pachypodum H. Lindb., a North African endemic, four new species are described:T. salsum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a diploid endemic confined to E Crimea,T. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid sexual species known only from SW Crimea,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a remarkable tetraploid endemic to the Pindos Mts., Greece, andT. salsitatis Kirschner, ?těpänek etYirdirimli, sp. nov., an Anatolian diploid species. Furthermore, a hybrid betweenT. salsum andT. bessarabicum from Crimea (documented on the basis of allozyme data elsewhere) is given a binomial,T. xmesohalobium Kirschner et?těpánek, nothosp. nov.     

Chromosome counts and chromosome morphology of some selected species

In the years 1976–1981 we studied chromosome counts and karyotypic formulae of the following 29 species of plants from 41 localities (of these 6 from Bohemia, 32 from Moravia, 3 from Slovakia):Batrachium baudotii (Godron) F. W. Schultz,Chenopodium rubrum L.,C. polyspermum L.,C. murale L.,C. ficifolium Sm.,C. opulifolium Schrader ex DC. inLam. et DC.,C. strictum Roth [subsp.strictum, subsp.glaucophyllum (Aellen)Aellen inJust etAellen, subsp.striatiforme Uotila],Arenaria grandiflora L.,Illecebrum verticillatum L.,Spergula morisonii Boreau inDuchartre,Spergularia marginata (DC. inLam. et DC.)Kittel S. marina (L.)Griseb.,S. rubra (L.) J. etC. Presl,Silene conica L.,Sisymbrium loeselii L.,S. volgense Bieb. exE. Fourn.,S. orientale L. [subsp. orientale, subsp.macroloma (A. Pomel)Dvo?ák],S. officinale (L.)Scop.,Descurainia sophia (L.)Webb exPrantl inEngler etPrantl,Nasturtium officinale R. Br. inAiton,Barbarea arcuata (Opiz inPresl J. et C.)Reichenb.,Lunaria annua L.,Soldanella montana Willd.,S. carpatica Vierh. inUrban etGraebner,Lotus tenuis Waldst. etKit. exWilld.,L. uliginosus Schkuhr,Trigonella monspeliaca L.,Geranium sibiricum L.,Lactuca tatarica (L.)C. A. Meyer.     

Ein Beitrag zur Nomenklatur sphinctozoider Schwämme (Porifera)

The sphinctozoid sponge generaFania Senowbari-Daryan 1990 andSpica Termier &Termier 1977 are preoccupied.Fania is replaced byFanthalamia nom. nov. andSpica by the younger synonymFistulispongia Termier &Termier 1977. The invalid subfamily name FaniinaeSenowbari-Daryan 1990 is replaced by Fanthalamiinae n. subfam. The invalid family and subfamily names SpicidaeTermier &Termier 1977 and SpicinaeSenowbari-Daryan 1990 respectively are replaced by FistulispongiidaeTermier atTermier 1977 and FistulispongiinaeSenowbari-Daryan 1990. The generaWaagenium de Laubenfels 1957 andCatubria Merla 1931 were previously overlooked.Waagenium DeLaubenfels 1957 is a younger synonym ofColospongia Laube 1865. The position ofCatubria Merla 1931 is uncertain. Most probablyCatubria is an alga.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 5.Septonema,Hormiactella andLylea

Three genera of lignicolousHyphomycetes Septonema Corda,Hormiactella Saac. andLylea Morgan-Jones are discussed. Illustrations and determination keys are provided. Five species ofSeptonema—S. fasciculare (Corda) Hughes,S. leptaleum (Ellis & Harkn.) Hughes,S. pinicola Hol.-Jech.,S. secedens Corda andS. laricium Hol.-Jech.—and two species ofHormiactella—H. fusca (Preuss) Sacc. andH. asetosa Hol.-Jech.—have been found in Czechoslovakia. A new speciesS. pseudobinum Hol.-Jech. is described from Romania.Septonema tetracoilum (Corda Hughes is accommodated in the genusLylea Morgan-Jones.     

Bemerkungen zur Variabilität vonSaxifraga marginata

Saxifraga marginata Sternb. is divided into three subspecies:S. m. subsp.marginata, S. m. subsp.bubakii (Rohlena)Chrtek etSoják,S. m. subsp.karadzicensis (Degen etKo?anin)Chrtek etSoják (environments of Skopje, Macedonia).     

Some taxonomic changes withinLycopodiales

Some taxonomic and nomenclatural problems withinLycopodiales are discussed. InHyperzia Bernh. three subgenera have been distinguished, one of them described as a new one. With regard to a separate position ofLycopodium sect.Magellanica B. Øllgaard, a new genusAustrolycopodium Holub was proposed, comprising eight species mostly from the Southern Hemisphere. An analysis of the validity of the generic nameDiphasium C. Presl 1845 was carried out with an affirmative result. Six names for infrageneric taxa ofHuperzia and 44 new combinations for species have been proposed; in addition to those ofAustrolycopodium (8) they refer mainly toHuperzia (22) andPalhinhaea (9).     

A biosystematic study of critical species ofLactuca sect.Lactucopsis

In the present paper the results of a biosystematic study of some critical species ofLactuca sect.Lactucopsis are given. After a morphological, chorological, partly cytotaxonomical, chemotaxonomical analysis and experimental crossings the author came to the conclusion that bothL. wilhelmsiana Fisch. etMey ex. DC. andL. chaixii Vill. should be treated as infraspecific taxa ofL. quercina L. No differences were found betweenL. quercina andL. chaixii except in the basic shape of the cauline leaves.L. wilhelmsiana, however, can be distinguished by the length of the beak of the achene and by the distributional area. After revision the correct names of the taxa studied are as follows:Lactuca quercina L.,L. quercina var.integrifolia Bogenh. (Bisch.) forL. chaixii, L. quercina subsp.wilhelmsiana (Fisch. etMey.ex DC.)Feráková forL. wilhelmsiana     

Validation of generic names inLycopodiaceae: with a description of a new genusPseudolycopodiella

Four earlier proposed and invalidly published generic names ofLycopodiaceae are validated:Lateristachys (type:Lycopodium laterale R. Br.),Lycopodiastrum (type:Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring),Pseudodiphasium (type:Lycopodium volubile G. Forster) andPseudolycopodium (type:Pseudolycopodium densum (Rothm.) Holub). A new genusPseudolycopodiella (type:Lycopodium carolinianum L.) is described. New nomenclatural combinations are proposed for 17 species of these genera and ofLycopodiella.     

Invalidly published names inJanchen's “Catalogus florae Austriae”: Survey,analysis, and notes

Names of species and subspecies fromJanchen's Catalogus were revised with regard to their validity; invalidly published names were compiled in a commented list of 120 names. About sixty of them were analyzed at length from nomenclatural and taxonomical viewpoints. The cause of the invalidity of these names were discussed; omission of citations of basionyms to proposals of new nomenclatural combinations is the main reason for the invalidity ofJanchen's names. Taxonomic reclassifications and nomenclatural revisions resulted in 23 new nomenclatural combinations, five of these proposals representing direct validations ofJanchen's invalidly published names. Some more general problems of nomenclature are discussed: indirect validation of invalidly published names; omission of infraspecific homonymy; the correctness and necessity to attach neglected authors' names to the names of plants based on those names distinctly taken over from such authors; problems of autonyms in the ICBN Code. The use of the category “convarietas” in cultivated plants (instead of subspecies) is emphasized. Names validated byJanchen himself in his paper of 1959 should be used with this publication place instead of their invalid publication in the Catalogus. Some propositions for future research by other authors are also added.