La famille des Cicerinidae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia)

The present study deals with 12 species of Cicerinidae. Further details are given for 6 species previously described: Toia ycia Marcus, Cicerina eucentrota Ax, Nan-norhynchides vividus Brunet, JV. harparius Brunet, N. corneus Brunet, Didiadema picardi Brunet. Two new species are described, Toia calceformis sp.n., different from T. ycia by half-boot shape of the cirrus, and Paracicerina globulosa sp.n., characterized by very short (4 μm) cuticular spermatic ducts and a spherical copulatory bulb provided with a spiny cirrus (35–40 μm long). Histological studies of Ptyalorhynchus coecus Ax confirm the generic separation of Ptyalorhynchus and Paracicerina; the main difference is the glandular girdle structure of the proboscis in Ptyalorhynchus which is split into two areas (inner and outer one) by basal circular muscles; the intensively stained secretion of the inner area is localized in 15 membranous canals. Pocillorhynchus gen.n., with two species, P. agilis sp.n. and P. minutus sp.n., is closely related to the genera Toia and Nannorhynchides , but differs from them by the following characters: proboscis with broad glandular girdle, devoid of circular muscle bulb, cuticular spermatic ducts long and thin (95–125 μm). From the comparison of their morphological and anatomical features, two groups of genera are distinguished in Cicerinidae; first group including Toia - Nannorhynchides - Pocillorhynchus , second group including Cicerina - Paracicerina - Etmorhynchus - Ptyalorhynchus - Zonorhynchus - Xenocicerina - Didiadema. Special attention is paid to proboscis structure. The study ends with an identification key for all known Cicerinidae.     

La flore des rizieres de la region d'arles et ses repercussions sur la culture du riz

Sans résumé     

La flore probable : un mode d’expression des gradients écologiques en France

The application of the criterion of fidelity of plants to plants over four millions botanical observations in France is considered to characterize the ecology of 215,000 phytosociological surveys. Among those discriminant plants, some are missing of the surveys, but they can have a certain probability of occurrence: these plants are called “probable plants” and they represent the “probable flora” of a territory. The study of their geographical distribution shows ecological gradients of flora across France in a better way than only considering the botanical observations. In fact, this method mitigates the discontinuities of taxa observations whose absence may be due to historical and/or anthropogenic factors.     

On the Tettigometridae (Hemiptera,Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea) of the Canary Islands,with the Description of a New Subspecies from La Gomera

Entomological Review - —Tettigometra virescens bola subsp. n. is described from La Gomera Island of the Canary Archipelago. This is the second species of the family Tettigometridae recorded...     

Sur une flore infraliasique du Boulonnais (Rinxent-Marquise,Pas-de-Calais,France)

As a result of the discovery of Gymnospermae in the continental beds which fill the paleokarst of the Carboniferous limestone in the Rinxent-Marquise area, it appears that during the Early Jurassic the flora of the Boulonnais contained not only Pteridophyta and Pteridospermophyta but also primitive Bennettitales and Coniferales.For this reason the flora of this area can be compared in all the aspects to the various Rhaeto-Liasic floras found in Europe in which the Podozamites distans, Podozamites schenkii, Pterophyllum aequale and Schizolepis liasokeuperina association have been discovered.     

沙地沟芫菁指名亚种在中国首次发现(鞘翅目:芫菁科)

报道采自中国新疆的沟芫菁属1新记录亚种——沙地沟芫菁指名亚种Hycleus tekkensis tekkensis (Heyden,1883),提供其特征图、整体图及生境照片,并首次根据鞘翅斑纹将其分为4种类型.观察标本分别保存在河北大学博物馆和新疆大学昆虫标本室.     

Campylobacter fetus Subspecies jejuni (Vibrio fetus) from Commercially Processed Poultry

Three isolates of the human and animal pathogen Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni (Vibrio fetus) were obtained from 165 poultry meat samples purchased from local retail stores.     

Synthèse sur la flore des nodules du Lagerstätte de Montceau-les-Mines (Carbonifère supérieur,France)

The flora from the Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte (Late Pennsylvanian, Stephanian, France) is preserved in small sideritic nodules and was studied in three locations in the (1) Saint-Louis, (2) Saint-François, and (3) Sainte-Hélène opencast mines. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of plant diversity and floristic composition in about 7000 nodules indicate substantial variations in the floral composition of these opencast mines. More than 50 taxa are recognized and belong to groups typical of the Late Carboniferous flora (lycopsids, sphenopsids, tree ferns, and pteridosperms). Arborescent sphenopsids and tree ferns were the major components at Saint-Louis, whereas the flora from Saint-François consisted mainly of pteridosperms; the one from Sainte-Hélène has a more balanced composition. Taphonomic and sedimentological data show that the flora contained in the nodules was hypoautochthonous to parautochthonous. The Montceau Basin displayed a mosaic of paleoenvironments (e.g., deltaic lacustrine, paludal to fluvial) which favored colonization by plants and animals.     

Larval development ofMacrophthalmus erato De Man, 1887 (Brachyura ocypodidae)

The zoeal and megalopal stage ofMacrophthalmus erato were obtained under laboratory conditions and are described and figured. Five zoeal and one megalopal stages were reared at 25; salinity and temperature of 29°C. Their features are compared with those of known species of the genus.     

A new species of Cancricepon Giard & Bonnier, 1887 (Isopoda: Bopyridae) from China

Specimens of the genus Cancricepon Giard & Bonnier, 1887 are recorded for the second time from China, and a new taxon, Cancricepon multituberosum n. sp., is described based on specimens parasitising the xanthid crab Liomera laevis (A. Milne-Edwards). Females of the new species can be distinguished from the other seven species of Cancricepon by the presence of mid-dorsal projections on all pereomeres and the absence of a palp on the maxilliped. Merocepon knudseni Danforth, 1970 is transferred to Cancricepon as C. knudseni (Danforth, 1970) n. comb. A table of the eight described species of Cancricepon is provided.     

Two New Subspecies of Herpetomonas muscarum (Leidy, 1856) Kent, 1880

SYNOPSIS. Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum n. subsp. was isolated from Musca domestica L. In culture at 20 C it assumed the opisthomastigote (up to 15%), double-flagellate and flagellate promastigote forms. At 30 C or with 4% urea added to cultures at 20 C, the proportion of opisthomastigotes was greater (up to 40%). In experimentally infected flies only transient infections, which included both opisthomastigotes and promastigotes, occurred. The promastigotes were 15–30 μ long and the kinetoplast was small and subspherical or transversely elongate. H. muscarum ingenoplastis n. subsp. was isolated from Phormia regina (Meigen). In culture at 20 C almost all individuals were double-flagellate promastigotes 20–40 μ long and less than 1% were opisthomastigotes. At 30 C or with added urea there was no increase in the proportion of opisthomastigotes and the cultures were not vigorous. In experimentally infected flies opisthomastigotes were 5–39% of the population depending on the part of the gut sampled. In all stages the kinetoplast was large (1.5–2.5 μ long) and tear-drop-shaped with the point directed posteriorly.
In artificially mixed cultures of H. m. muscarum and H. m. ingenoplastis the former predominated after a short time and eventually survived alone. A mixed culture that was about 98% H. m. muscarum was fed to Phormia regina and produced heavy pure infections of H. m. ingenoplastis , which lasted for 22 days with no indication of decline. No evidence of cyst formation was found in either subspecies.     

Genetic Divergence of Orangutan Subspecies (Pongo pygmaeus)

Microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequences were studied for the two subspecies of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), which are located in Borneo (P. p. pygmaeus) and Sumatra (P. p. abelii), respectively. Both subspecies possess marked genetic diversity. Genetic subdivision was identified within the Sumatran orangutans. The genetic differentiation between the two subspecies is highly significant for ND5 region but not significant for 16s rRNA or microsatellite data by exact tests, although F _ST estimates are highly significant for these markers. Divergence time between the two subspecies is approximately 2.3 ± 0.5 million years ago (MYA) estimated from our data, much earlier than the isolation of their geological distribution. Neither subspecies underwent a recent bottleneck, though the Sumatran subspecies might have experienced expansion approximately 82,000 years ago. The estimated effective population sizes for both subspecies are on the order of 10⁴. Our results contribute additional information that may be interpreted in the context of orangutan conservation efforts. Received: 13 June 2000 / Accepted: 30 January 2000