Epidemiological investigation and genome analysis of duck circovirus in Southern China

Duck circovirus (DuCV), a potential immunosuppressive virus, was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method. In this study, a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of ∼35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40∼60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. Farms with positive PCR results exhibited no regularly apparent clinical abnormalities such as feathering disorders, growth retardation or lower-than-average weight. The complete genomes of 9 strains from Fujian Province and 1 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced and analyzed. The 10 DuCV genomes, compared with others genomes downloaded from GenBank, ranged in size from 1988 to 1996 base pairs, with sequence identities ranging from 83.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences demonstrated that DuCVs can be divided into two distinct genetic genotypes, Group I (the Euro-USA lineage) and Group II (the Taiwan lineage), with approximately 10.0% genetic difference between the two types. Molecular epidemiological data suggest there is no obvious difference among DuCV strains isolated from different geographic locations or different species, including Duck, Muscovy duck, Mule duck, Cheery duck, Mulard duck and Pekin duck.     

Complete genome sequence analysis of duck circovirus strains from Cherry Valley duck

To investigate molecular epidemiology of DuCV in Cherry Valley ducks in China,the complete genomes of six DuCV strains,which were detected from Cherry Valley ducks in China between 2007 and 2008,were s...     

鹅圆环病毒浙江永康株全基因组的克隆及序列分析

为研究水禽流感大规模爆发的机理,进行了水禽流感病例中并发病原,特别是免疫抑制性病原的检测研究。根据已发表的鹅圆环病毒(Goosecircovirus,GoCV)序列,设计了一对检测引物,对浙江永康禽流感病死鹅样品进行PCR扩增,获得与预期552bp大小相符的DNA片段,经测序确认为GoCV特异序列,推测样品中存在GoCV。根据测定的序列进一步设计反向扩增引物,经扩增、测序、拼接后获得GoCV全长基因组序列。基因组序列分析表明,浙江永康株GoCV_yk01全长1821bp,具有圆环病毒共同的与病毒复制相关的茎环结构和Rep蛋白保守基序等特征,它与德国、中国台湾发表的序列在全基因组水平有91%～93%的同源性,在Rep和外壳蛋白的氨基酸水平有94%～97%的同源性。应用ClustalW方法作进化树分析显示,GoCV_yk01序列与德国株及中国台湾株均不在同一分支。圆环病毒可以感染淋巴细胞等增殖快的细胞,引起免疫抑制,从而造成其他病原的并发和继发感染,怀疑GoCV可能在2004年初永康爆发的鹅流感中起到了一定的协同作用。该GoCV_yk01是中国内地首次检测确认并测定全基因组序列的鹅圆环病毒。     

Epidemiological Investigation and Genome Analysis of Duck Circovirus in Southern China

Duck circovirus (DuCV),a potential immunosuppressive virus,was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method.In this study,a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of ～35%.It was found that ducks between the ages of 40～60 days were more susceptible to DuCV.There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission.Farms with positive ...     

Identification,genotyping, and molecular evolution analysis of duck circovirus

Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a contagious immunosuppressive virus affecting many duck species, which is responsible for multiple outbreaks in poultry industries worldwide. In this study, the first DuCV isolate GH01 was identified in Sichuan by PCR, which shared a high level of nucleotide identity (81.8–99.4%) with sequences of other DuCV isolates available in GenBank. Comparative phylogenetic and pairwise sequence comparison analyses indicated that DuCV could be divided into two genotypes (DuCV-1 and DuCV-2) and six subtypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b and 2c) based on the complete genome sequence. The results revealed that both DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 had evolved from the same ancestor but undergone divergent evolution. Interestingly, phylogenetic analyses indicated that three isolates were classified into a cluster DuCV-2a using complete DuCV genome sequence and cap gene, except rep gene. Recombination analyses revealed that DuCV-2a arose from recombination between DuCV-1a and DuCV-2b isolates within the rep genes, and the recombination events mainly occur both in non-structural protein coding region and structural protein coding region. In addition, the mechanisms of recombination supporting the genetic variability in DuCV isolates were investigated. Likewise, selective pressure indicated that purifying selection had been a major driving force in maintaining diversity among the DuCV isolates. Because eradicating the virus from commercial ducks is impossible, it is necessary to take effective control measures and implement them throughout the world.     

番茄烟粉虱传双生病毒PCR检测

烟粉虱传双生病毒(Whitefly-transmitted Gemini- viruses,WTGV)病是世界番茄生产上重要病害之一,已给美国、以色列、埃及、澳大利亚等国的番茄生产造成了严重损失,病原是一类具有孪生颗粒形态的单链环状DNA植物病毒,属双生病毒科(Geminiviridae)菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus),其基因组由2个组分(DNA-A和DNA-B)组成,每个组分的大小为2.5～2.8kb,少数病毒为单组分;由烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)以持久方式传播[1].     

番茄烟粉虱传双生病毒PCR检测

From the conserved regions of the reported nucleotide sequences of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGV), a pair of degenerate primers was designed to anneal to the conserved sequence.The tomato samples infected geminivirus-like from Guangdong were detected by PCR. The results showed that a 356bp specific fragment was amplified from the samples. The specific fragment was cloned and sequenced, and the sequence was compared with all nucleotide sequences in GenBank by Blast of NCBI. The result showed that the fragment belonged to Geminiviridae DNA. So the degenerate primers may be used to detect the WTGV from tomato in Guangdong. Moreover, both of the homology of the fragment between WTGV from tomato in Guangdong and the reported WTGV in the world and WTGV from tomato in Guangxi were under 82%. These results implied that the WTGV from tomato in Guangdong differed from the above-mentioned WTGV.     

白鱀豚BDNF基因的扩增和序列分析

利用聚合酶链式反应,首次从白鱀豚基因组DNA 中扩增和克隆到脑源神经营养因子的编码区。在该段序列中含有一个长为747 bp 的开放阅读框,无内含子,编码一个由248 个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,预计分子量为27 953.7道尔顿。其中包括由18 个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽区,111 个氨基酸残基组成的前肽区及119 个氨基酸残基组成的成熟区。序列分析表明,白鱀豚脑源神经营养因子基因编码区的核苷酸序列与其它哺乳动物相似性超过90%,而与猪牛相似性相对较高（分别为95% 和94.7%）。氨基酸序列比较发现,白鱀豚BDNF 前体蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它哺乳动物具有94.5% ～99.5%的相似性,显示了极高的保守性。通过邻接法进行的系统发生分析中,鲸目和食肉目的物种分别聚为单系;与其它哺乳动物相比,鲸类与有蹄类的牛和猪的亲缘关系相对较近,这与鲸类和有蹄类之间具有相对较近的亲缘关系相符。
     

北京鸭线粒体基因组全序列测定和分析

线粒体DNA作为遗传标记,已在家鸡(Gallus gallus)和家鹅(Anser anser)的研究中取得了重大进展,而对家鸭(Anas platyrhychos domesticus)的研究却很少.本研究参照近源物种线粒体基因组序列设计15对引物,通过PCR扩增、测序、拼接,获得北京鸭(A.platyrhychos)线粒体基因组全序列,初步分析其特点和各基因的定位.结果显示,北京鸭线粒体基因组全长16 604 bp,碱基组成为29.19%A、22.20%T、15.80%G、32.81%C,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码控制区(D-loop),基因组成及排列顺序与其他鸟类相似.基于线粒体D-loop区全序列,用N-J法构建了7种雁形目鸟类系统进化树,结果表明,北京鸭与绿头鸭(A.platyrhychos)系统进化关系较近.     

Simultaneous PCR amplification of two barley 5S rDNA sequence types in the same PCR reaction

Many researchers are currently using PCR technology to amplify individual members of multigene families, including 5S rDNA, for sequencing and related purposes. When members of the family differ in length, analyses would be facilitated if different units could be simultaneously and efficiently amplified. In the present paper we describe conditions that can be used to amplify simultaneously both the “long” and “short” 5S rDNA repeats found in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).     

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity and relationship among some Chinese domestic ducks and wild ducks

The amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) technique was used to analyze the genome DNA polymorphism among 8 breeds of domestic ducks and 2 species of wild ducks. Nine of the 17 selected primers pairs gave reproducible polymorphic DNA amplification bands. The amplified bands ranged from 44 to 83 per primer pair. Of the 513 AFLP markers obtained, 498 were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 97.1%. The genetic distance (D) and similarity coefficients (GS) were calculated based on the polymorphic data. Between domestic ducks D ranged from 0.331 to 0.589, while between domestic ducks and the wild ducks, it ranged from 0.298 to 0.520 (vs. Anas Platyrhynchos) and from 0.316 to 0.522 (vs. A. Poecilorhyncha), respectively. The variance analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups of data, which indicated that both mallard and spot-billed ducks made contributions to domestic duck evolution. A dendrogram was constructed according to the D value. __________ Translated from Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 2005, 44(5): 729–733 [译自: 厦门大学学报 (自然科学版), 2005, 44(5): 729–733]     

Quantitative real-time PCR primer design, cDNA amplification and sequence analysis from 22 genes mainly associated with lipid metabolism in Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos) and Muscovy (Cairina moschata) ducks

Few genomic tools are available in ducks. To produce some new resources, we have designed Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos) and Muscovy (Cairina moschata) duck-specific primers for 22 genes involved mainly in lipid metabolism, and to a lesser extent in carbohydrate metabolism and other functions. Primers were designed according to duck sequences when available and otherwise from the corresponding conserved regions in chicken and human sequences. These primers allowed quantitative RT-PCR amplification of RNA from Pekin and Muscovy ducks. Amplified cDNA products from both species were sequenced and were found to be very similar to chicken sequences (about 94%). This work provides additional genomic resources and polymorphism information for some genes in duck species and represents a first step towards gene expression analyses in Pekin and Muscovy ducks.     

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity and relationship among some Chinese domestic ducks and wild ducks

The amplified fragment length polymorphic(AFLP)technique was used to analyze the genome DNA polymorphism among 8 breeds of domestic ducks and 2 species of wild ducks.Nine of the 17 selected primers pairs gave reproducible polymorphic DNA amplification bands.The amplified bands ranged from 44 to 83 per primer pair.Of the 513 AFLP markers obtained.498 were polymorphic.The proportion of polymorphic loci was 97.1%.The genetic distance(D)and similarity coefficients(GS)were calculated based on the polymorphic data.Between domestic ducks D ranged from 0.331 to 0.589,while between domestic ducks and the wild ducks,it ranged from 0.298 to 0.520(vs.Anas Platyrhynchos)and from 0.316 to 0.522(vs.A.Poecilorhyncha),respectively.The variance analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups of data,which indicated that both mallard and spot-billed ducks made contributions to domestic duck evolution.A dendrogram was constructed according to the D value.     

四种瘿蜂体内Wolbachia感染的PCR检测及感染株系的wsp基因序列分析

Wolbachia为节肢动物等的细胞质共生细菌,能对宿主的繁殖模式进行调控,包括诱导胞质不亲和、孤雌生殖、雌性化及雄性致死。本文采集了分布于美国的4种瘿蜂,利用Wolbachia的wsp基因特异性引物,对其Wolbachia的感染进行了PCR检测,证实了栎结瘤瘿蜂Callirhytis punctata Bassett和摇鼓栎瘿蜂Dryocosmus palustris Osten Sacken体内具Wolbachia共生,感染率分别为60%和36%。栎结瘤瘿蜂和摇鼓栎瘿蜂Wolbachia的wsp基因序列长度分别为564 bp和561 bp。栎结瘤瘿蜂与摇鼓栎瘿蜂Wolbachia的wsp基因序列的一致性为94%。栎结瘤瘿蜂与同为栎瘿蜂族的Andricus solitarius(strain 1)和Neuroterus macropterus,及客瘿蜂族的Synergus crassicorni的Wolbachia的wsp基因序列完全一致,与其他瘿蜂Wolbachia的wsp基因的序列一致性介于79%⁹9%之间。在NJ系统发育树中,栎结瘤瘿蜂与栎瘿蜂族的A.solitaries(strain 1),N.macropterus和B.pallida,以及客瘿蜂族的S.crassicornis的Wolbachia同属一分支,而摇鼓栎瘿蜂与栎瘿蜂族的麦氏安瘿蜂的Wolbachia聚集在同一分支。除客瘿蜂族的Ceroptres cerri感染的Wolbachia属于B群之外,其他瘿蜂感染的Wolbachia均属于A群。此外,本文采集的栎结瘤瘿蜂和摇鼓栎瘿蜂营有性生殖,说明Wolbachia的共生并不诱导其营产雌孤雌生殖。     

应用PCR技术检测结核分枝杆菌的临床分析

采用聚合酶链反应（Ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｎｓｅ Ｃｈｉａｎ Ｒｅａｔｉｏｎ,即ＰＣＲ）技术检测结核分枝杆菌Ｍｙｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｓｉｓ,一年多来共检测了１００例结核（肺、肾结核）患者的痰和尿液标本,结果ＰＣＲ检出阳性率为８１％,对照用储菌涂片抗酸染色法,阳性率为５８％,用常规培养法阳性率为２０％。而对５０例非结核患者的痰和尿液标本的检测,ＰＣＲ法仍有６％的阳性率,而用涂片或常规培     

三疣梭子蟹蜕皮抑制激素cDNA的克隆与序列分析

甲壳动物的蜕皮是由位于头胸部前鳃腔的一对Y-器通过分泌蜕皮激素（Molting hormone）来控制的（Lachaise et al．,1993）,而蜕皮激素的分泌又受到蜕皮抑制激素（Molt-inhibiting hormone,MIH）的调控（Watson et al．,2001）。MIH和性腺抑制激素（Gonad-inhibiting hormone,GIH）、甲壳动物高血糖激素（Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone,CHH）、     

北极狐GHR基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

本文根据狗(AF133835)的GHR基因cDNA编码全序列设计了三对引物,利用RT-PCR方法克隆出北极狐GHR基因编码区全长cDNA序列(GenBank accession No.EU304325)。结果表明,北极狐GHR的ORF为1917bp,编码638个氨基酸的前体蛋白,由18个氨基酸的信号肽和620个氨基酸的成熟肽组成。通过同源性比较发现北极狐与狗的同源性最高,达到98%。另外,利用邻接法(NJ法)构建的分子系统进化树聚类结果表明,北极狐与狗先聚为一类,该聚类结果与传统的物种进化关系基本一致。另外,通过氨基酸对位序列比较发现,北极狐GHR在氨基酸序列上存在明显的特异性,如45和451位分别为A和E,而其它物种均分别为T(大鼠为K)和A(牛羊为V,鼠为T)。     

PCR-SSP技术对广东汉族人HLA-DR基因分型

探索具有高分辨率、高特异性和简捷快速的方法对ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ基因分型,为临床器官移植配型和疾病相关性分析提供实用的方法和基础资料．利用ＤＲ１～ＤＲｗ１８序列特异性的１９组引物及１对内参照引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增即ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ对ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ进行基因分型,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳,溴乙锭染色,在紫外光下观察分型结果．每个被检个体的ＤＲ型别可由特异引物扩增出现的电泳谱带直接判断．双盲检测２２例的结果１００％正确．在１０２例中国广东地区汉族人中,ＤＲ９和ＤＲ２的基因频率最高,分别为０．２２０５和０．１９１２,ＤＲ１０为最低（０．００９８）．与用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＯ方法分型获得的结果比较,基因型别分布基本一致,但一些等位基因的频率有差异,表明ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ基因频率的分布在不同地区、不同种族的人群间存在着差异．ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ法分辨率和特异性虽不及ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＯ法但比血清学方法精细,分型的全过程只需２～４ｈ能满足临床器官移植配型的要求．基因频率调查结果为器官移植配型和疾病相关性分析提供了基础资料．     

大熊猫苦味受体T2R2 基因的克隆与序列分析

Based on bitter taste receptor T2R2 gene sequence of domesticated dog(AB249685), one pair of primers were designed and used to amplify an approximately 1.1 kb DNA fragment from genomic DNA sample of giant panda by using PCR. The PCR products were ligated into the pMD-18T vector, and then transformed into competent cells of E.coli DH5α. The identified positive clone was sequenced. The result showed that the T2R2 gene of giant panda was 1 008 bp in length, and contained complete exon, and 915 bp, encoding 304...     

荧光定量PCR检测结核分枝杆菌Meta分析

目的系统评价荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)方法检测结核分枝杆菌的效果。方法按照系统评价的要求检索CBM、VIP、CNKI以及万方数据库等,获得20篇符合纳入标准的文献,对其进行Meta分析,并评价Meta分析结果的稳定性和发表偏倚。结果 FQ-PCR对照涂片染色、培养鉴定以及总数据的异质性检验P0.00001,采用随机效应模型进行Meta分析,其余的采用固定效应模型分析。FQ-PCR与涂片染色、培养鉴定、抗体检测等的总体效应Z值分别为7.76、5.00和7.34,P值均小于0.00001,差异具有统计学意义。总数据分析结果的合并OR=2.78,95%CI为1.93-4.01,总体效应检验,Z=5.49,P0.00001,差异具有统计学意义,固定效应模型OR值和95%CI(2.52[2.35-2.70])与随机效应模型比较接近,剔除小样本报道后的合并OR=2.93,95%CI为1.98-4.31,与剔除前的结果也比较接近。结论从现有的临床证据来看,FQ-PCR是检测结核分枝杆菌的有效方法,可推广应用与临床结核病辅助检测。