Chromosome numbers in some pear cultivars

V sortimentu hru?ni d?le?itěj?ích pro pěstování v ?eskoslovensku nebyl dosud znám po?et chromosom? u 11 sort. Bylo proto provedeno toto zji?tění a shledáno, ?e v?echny tyto sorty jsou diploidní, 2n=34. Jsou to: Ananaska ?eská, Anglická bergamotka, Bezjaderka ?íhova, ?istecká banánová, Fulvie, Jeanne d'Arc, Kolmarská zlatá, Monchallardova, Notá? Lepin, Sterkmansova máslovka a Zefyrinka. Provedeno té? ově?ení star?ích údaj? o diploidním stavu sort Kongresovka a Olivier de Serres, nápadných poměrně nízkou klíěivostí pylu. Jejich diploidní po?et chromosom? byl potyrzen.     

Pollination interrelations in some Sour Cherry cultivars

V období ?esti let byly zkoumány vzájemné opylovací poměry i schopnost samosprásění u sedmi významněj?ích kultivar? vi?ní (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.), pěstovaných v ?eskoslovensku. Úspě?nost opylení byla posuzována podle procenta uzrálých plod?. Celkový p?ehled výsledk? podává Tabulka I. Mezi dvěma kultivary (De Olivet a Bruselská hnědá) zji?těna reciproká inkompatibilita. Stanovena tak první inkompatibilitní skupina u vi?ní. V ostatních p?ípadech jde o kombinace v r?zném stupni kompatibilní. Podle celkové úrodnosti a podle opylovací schopnosti sestaveny studované sorty v po?adí, uvedené v tabulce 2. U dvou kultivar? (Körö?ská a Bruselská hnědá) zji?těna naprostá autosterilita, naopak u dvou druhých (Moreillská a Vítova) nalezen vysoký stupeň samospra?nosti. Tyto dvě sorty skýtají rovně? p?i vzájemném opylení vynikající výsledky. Zbývající t?í sorty (De Olivet, Vackova a Ostheimská) jsou jen velmi slabě samospra?né a pot?ebují dobré opylova?e pro zaji?tění úrody.     

Molecular species of glycinin in some soybean cultivars

A(4) polypeptide-containing (Shirotsurunoko and York) and A(4) polypeptide-lacking (Raiden and Suzuyutaka) soybean cultivars were used to investigate the heterogeneity of glycinin molecular species. Purification of glycinin by DEAE-Toyopearl column chromatography afforded molecular species eluting before the glycinin fraction. Analysis of this fraction by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that this protein consisted of A(1) and A(2) polypeptides. The A(4)-containing soybean cultivars contained less of this protein than the A(4)-lacking soybean cultivars, as exhibited by the size of the early peak appearing during column chromatography. Alkaline PAGE and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis confirmed that the A(1)- and A(2)-rich molecular species in the A(4) polypeptide-lacking cultivars consisted of the A(1a) and A(2) polypeptides. Estimation of the molecular mass by gel permeation chromatography and multi-angle laser light scattering (GPC-MALLS) indicated that the A(1a)- and A(2)-rich molecular species were similar to a monomer of glycinin.     

Epidermal Structure and Development of Stomata in some Annonaceae

Epidermal structure and development of stomata are studied in20 species of the Annonaceae. Epidermal cells are polygonalor irregular in outline, isodiametnc or elongated with straight,arched, or sinuous anticlinal walls. Cuticular striations radiatingfrom guard cells or hair bases are noticed. Four types of trichomesand secretory cells are seen. The mature stomata are paracyticwith 2–6 subsidiary cells, non-contiguous at both poles,or contiguous at one or both the poles. The increase in numberof subsidiary cells is due to their divisions. Contiguous stomata,arrested development, single guard cell, and degeneration ofguard cells are observed. The development is either syndetocheilicor mesogenous.     

Epidermal Structure and Ontogeny of Stomata in some Verbenaceae

The present paper deals with epidermal structure and developmentof stomata in 14 species of Verbenaceae. The epidermal cellsare either polygonal, isodia-metric, or elongated in variousdirections, and irregularly arranged. The anticlinal walls arethick, mostly sinuous, occasionally arched or straight. Thesurface of the cuticle shows parallel, rarely corrugated, striations.Some 12 types of eglandular and glandular trichomes, and foliarnectaries are noticed. The mature stomata are diacytic, anisocytic,paracytic, with a single subsidiary cell, anomocytic and perigenous.The development of anomocytic stomata is perigenous, while thatof others is mesogenous or syndetocheilic type. Abnormalitiesnoticed here include contiguous stomata, stomata with a singleguard cell, and aborted guard cells.     

Vacuum infiltration enhances the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in Indian soybean cultivars

For the first time we have developed a reliable and efficient vacuum infiltration-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation (VIAAT) protocol for Indian soybean cultivars and recovered fertile transgenic soybean plants through somatic embryogenesis. Immature cotyledons were used as an explant and three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (EHA 101, EHA 105, and KYRT 1) harbouring the binary vector pCAMBIA1301 were experimented in the co-cultivation. The immature cotyledons were pre-cultured in liquid somatic embryo induction medium prior to vacuum infiltration with the Agrobacterium suspension and co-cultivated for 3 days on co-cultivation medium containing 50 mg l^?1 citric acid, 100 µM acetosyringone, and 100 mg l^?1 l-cysteine. The transformed somatic embryos were selected in liquid somatic embryo induction medium containing 10 mg l^?1 hygromycin and the embryos were germinated in basal medium containing 20 mg l^?1 hygromycin. The presence and integration of the hpt II and gus genes into the soybean genome were confirmed by GUS histochemical assay, polymerase chain reaction, and Southern hybridization. Among the different combinations tested, high transformation efficiency (9.45 %) was achieved when immature cotyledons of cv. Pusa 16 were pre-cultured for 18 h and vacuum infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYRT 1 for 2 min at 750 mm of Hg. Among six Indian soybean cultivars tested, Pusa 16 showed highest transformation efficiency of 9.45 %. The transformation efficiency of this method (VIAAT) was higher than previously reported sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. These results suggest that an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for stable integration of foreign genes into soybean has been developed.     

Antimicrobial activity of some Indian plants

Antimicrobial activity of 105 Indian plant species was tested. Among them, 30 showed antibacterial activity; 20 of these exhibited antifungal action as well. Seeds ofCarum copticum, stem ofPinus longifolia, roots ofPlumbago zeylanica andSaussurea lappa, and rhizome ofAlpinia officinarum have considerable antifungal activity, especially against pathogenic fungi. Antibiotic activity against a wide variety of microorganisms—pathogenic and nonpathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi—was also noted with leaves ofLawsonia inermis, roots ofPlumbago zeylanica, and fruits ofTamarindus indica,Terminalia belerica, andEmblica officinalis.     

Chromosome numbers of some Indian moths

Cytological investigations in forty-five species of Indian moths belonging to ten families (Tinaeidae, Limacodidae, Thyrididae, Pyralididae, Lasiocampidae, Saturnidae, Sphingidae, Noctuidae, Lymantriidae, Hypsidae) of Lepidoptera revealed haploid chromosome numbers varying from 12 to 31, the latter number being predominant (in 26 species). Their haploid chromosome numbers at metaphase I and II are stated in a table.     

Seasonality of phytoplankton in some South Indian lakes

The landscape of South India is dotted with innumerable man-made lakes. They differ vastly in age, physiography, water flow characteristics, chemistry and trophic state, yet maintain a phytoplankton overwhelmingly dominated (43–93%) by blue-green algae; the subdominants are diatoms and/or Chlorococcales and euglenoids. The blue-greens apparently reach them from soils which are known to harbour a rich blue-green flora and several species in common with limnoplankton.South Indian lakes resemble some tropical counterparts in sustaining dense phytoplankton populations all the year round and temperate dimictic ones in showing two annual growth peaks that usually occur in summer (February–May) and the post-monsoon period (October–November), in synchrony with rise in temperature. In the chemically more oligotrophic lakes, the peaks are constituted by Raphidiopsis mediterranea Skuja, Navicula cryptocephala Kütz., Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs, and others and in hypereutrophic lakes by Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz., Synechocystis aquatilis Sauv., Oscillatoria spp., Burkillia coronata West & West and Euglena acus Ehr. The bimodal seasonality in abundance of phytoplankton reflects in chlorophyll and biomass concentrations although these are not in strict synchrony with each other. At the maxima chlorophyll a and over-dry biomass may rise to 8.5 mg l^–1 and 204 mg l^–1 respectively in highly productive waters. The highest rate of carbon assimilation recorded in such phases is 10.6 g C m^–3 d^–1.     

部分引进牡丹品种的形态多样性

研究牡丹品种的形态多样性可为合理利用牡丹种质资源、培育牡丹新品种提供依据.作者以21个有代表性的中国牡丹品种作为对照,对引自美国、法国和日本的68个品种的41个形态性状进行了研究.统计分析结果表明:不同来源的牡丹品种具有丰富的形态多样性,其变异系数介于14.30-158.99％之间,平均为44.49％.通过主成分分析将...     

我国草莓品种更替的性状演变

我国草造（FragariaananassaDuch.）生产上大面积应用的品种随着生产的不断发展几经更替。在同样条件下研究不同时期代表品种的表现,以明确性状演变趋势,在小麦、水稻等作物上已有报道[1,2,4],迄今尚未见到草莓品种性状演变的研究。本研究目的在于明确性状在草莓生产上品种更替过程小的演变和发展方向,为今后草莓有种提供理论依据。1．材料与方法选用不同时期中产卜推广的单莓代在品种为试材（表1）。试验在国家果树种质南京革每圃进行,随机区组设计,3次重复,每小【种植15株,3行【,以小区为单应,测定以下性状：（）产量及其构…