益生菌联用泻药对中国成人功能性便秘的疗效——基于随机对照试验的Meta分析

探讨国内益生菌联合泻药对于成人功能性便秘的疗效。

以“益生菌”和“功能性便秘”为关键词, 分别在中国知网、维普、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据系统、PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library检索益生菌联合泻药对功能性便秘的疗效, 检索时限从建库至2020年12月6日。采用Stata 13.1和RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。

共检索出16 929篇文献, 最终纳入23篇文献。联合组在有效率[OR=4.39, 95%CI=(3.25, 5.92), P < 0.000 01]、排便频率改善[WMD=0.77, 95%CI=(0.16, 1.38), P < 0.000 01]、粪便性状改善[WMD=1.12, 95%CI=(0.87, 1.37), P < 0.000 01]等方面均优于对照组。

益生菌联合泻药比单用泻药更能有效缓解便秘。

     

益生菌联合铋剂四联法根除幽门螺杆菌的Meta分析和试验序贯分析

采用Meta分析和试验序贯分析的方法评估益生菌辅助铋剂四联法根除幽门螺杆菌的有效性和安全性。

检索PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、维普数据库、万方、中国生物医学数据库, 检索时限均从数据库建立至2021年3月, 对公开发表的关于益生菌联合铋剂四联法根除幽门螺杆菌的随机对照双盲试验进行Meta分析和试验序贯分析。

共纳入6项研究, 总样本量1 462例。与铋剂四联法相比, 益生菌联合铋剂四联法能有效提高幽门螺杆菌根除率[RR=1.15, 95%CI=(1.03, 1.29), P=0.02], 并显著降低不良反应率[RR=0.45, 95%CI=(0.25, 0.82), P=0.01], TSA显示其结果均具有确切的结论性。Harbord回归显示不存在显著发表偏倚。GRADE证据质量评价显示, 幽门螺杆菌根除率、恶心、腹泻、味觉异常的证据质量均为中, 不良反应率、呕吐、腹痛、便秘、腹胀、厌食、疲劳、头晕的证据质量为低。

益生菌联合铋剂四联法是根除幽门螺杆菌更为安全有效的治疗方案, 具有进一步研究探索的价值。

     

微生态制剂治疗轻微肝性脑病的有效性及安全性分析

评价微生态制剂治疗轻度肝性脑病(MHE)的有效性及安全性。

检索自建库至2020年9月在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library等数据库收录的关于微生态制剂治疗MHE的临床随机对照试验。

共纳入21篇文献, 包括1 543例患者。结果显示, 2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂能提高双歧杆菌、乳杆菌水平, 差异有统计学意义[MD=1.82, 95%CI(1.19, 2.44), Z=5.70, P < 0.000 1;MD=1.74, 95%CI(0.95, 2.54), Z=4.30, P < 0.000 1], 降低肠杆菌水平[MD=-1.27, 95%CI(-1.97, -0.57), Z=3.55, P=0.000 4], 而肠球菌水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.050 0);2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可显著降低血氨水平、ET水平[SMD=-0.83, 95%CI(-1.08, -0.58), Z=6.43, P < 0.000 1;MD=-0.08, 95%CI(-0.14, -0.01), Z=2.35, P=0.020 0];2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可显著降低数字连接试验A(NCT-A)用时[MD=-16.46, 95%CI(-21.33, -11.59), Z=6.63, P < 0.000 1], 而数字符号试验(DST)差异无统计学意义(P > 0.050 0);2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可降低终末期肝病模型评分(MELD)、Child-Pugh评分、OHE发生率[MD=-2.41, 95%CI(-3.87, -0.95), Z=3.24, P=0.001 0;MD=-1.54, 95%CI(-1.92, -1.16), Z=7.95, P < 0.000 1; OR=0.32, 95%CI(0.20, 0.52), Z=4.66, P < 0.000 1], 并显著提高临床有效率[OR=4.95, 95%CI(2.48, 9.86), Z=4.55, P < 0.000 1], 但不会增加不良反应[OR=0.48, 95%CI(0.12, 1.91), Z=1.04, P=0.300 0]。

微生态制剂可基于调节肠道菌群平衡有效改善MHE, 可防止OHE的发生, 且安全性好, 有望成为治疗MHE的最新选择。

     

双歧杆菌三联活菌制剂防治儿童呼吸道感染继发腹泻临床疗效的meta分析

采用meta分析评价双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童呼吸道感染继发腹泻的临床疗效。

计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Web of Science和Embase数据库,收集全球范围内在治疗儿童呼吸道感染继发腹泻中使用双歧杆菌三联活菌制剂（散/胶囊）的随机对照研究和前瞻性非随机对照研究,检索时间截至2022年7月,采用Jadad评分量表对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.4分析软件进行数据处理和meta分析。

纳入19篇公开发表的文献进行meta分析,共3 086例患者,治疗组（对照组常规治疗措施+双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊）1 578例,对照组1 508例,meta分析结果显示,治疗组的总体有效率显著高于对照组[OR = 6.54,95% CI（4.03,10.62）,P＜0.000 01],同时,治疗组的显效率优于对照组[OR=4.21,95% CI（2.97,5.97）,P＜0.000 01],并且,相比于对照组,治疗组的腹泻发病率降低[OR = 0.20,95% CI（0.12,0.34）,P＜0.000 01]）,差异均有统计学意义。

双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊与常规治疗方法相比,可以提高儿童呼吸道感染继发腹泻的治疗总体有效率、治疗显效率,同时有效降低患儿的腹泻发病率。

     

双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片对幽门螺杆菌根治后消化道不良反应的改善作用

探讨加用双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片对临床四联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)过程中患者消化道不良反应的改善作用。

选择2019年1月至2020年1月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院门诊就诊的100例H.pylori感染患者, 分为益生菌组和正常组, 各50例。全部患者通过四联疗法根除H.pylori后, 益生菌组患者继续加用双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗, 对结果进行分析。

2组患者使用含有铋剂的四联疗法根除H.pylori后效果满意。益生菌组患者不良反应发生率低于正常组(25.5% vs 47.5%;χ²=11.023, P=0.001)。

益生菌可减轻四联疗法根除H.pylori后消化道不良反应, 根除H.pylori过程中加用益生菌的时机尚待进一步探讨。

     

急性心肌梗死并发肺部感染患者的临床特点和病原菌特征及危险因素分析

分析急性心肌梗死（AMI）并发肺部感染患者的临床特点、病原菌特征及危险因素,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选择2019年1月至2021年1月海安市人民医院收治的96例AMI患者作为研究对象,并根据患者在治疗过程中是否并发肺部感染将其分为感染组（40例）和非感染组（56例）。采集患者痰液标本并对感染病原菌进行鉴定,同时观察肺部感染患者的临床特点。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨AMI患者并发肺部感染的危险因素。

96例AMI患者中存在40例肺部感染,共检出病原菌22株,其中革兰阴性菌14株（占63.64%）,革兰阳性6株（占27.27%）,真菌2株（占9.09%）。与非感染组比较,感染组患者血红蛋白、白蛋白、总蛋白水平较低,降钙素原、超敏C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平较高（均P＜0.05）。单因素分析显示,AMI患者并发肺部感染与年龄、卧床时间、有无慢性阻塞性肺疾病、有无侵入性操作存在显著关联（均P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁（OR = 3.71,95%CI：1.62～8.49）、卧床时间≥2周（OR = 3.42,95%CI：2.12～5.54）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（OR = 2.68,95%CI：2.19～3.29）、侵入性操作（OR = 3.40,95%CI：2.69～4.30）及低蛋白血症（OR = 1.37,95%CI：1.09～1.74）均为AMI患者并发肺部感染的相关因素（均P＜0.05）。

AMI患者并发肺部感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其次为革兰阳性菌;年龄、卧床时间、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、侵入性操作及低蛋白血症均为AMI患者并发肺部感染的独立危险因素。

     

益生菌治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染效果的meta分析

通过循证医学的方法评价益生菌治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染的效果。

计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中关于益生菌治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染效果的随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2021年8月18日,由2名研究者独立对文献进行资料提取和质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4统计软件对提取完成后的资料进行meta分析。

共纳入12篇研究,其中英文研究4篇,中文研究8篇,纳入研究对象1 029人,其中试验组537人,对照组492人。研究结果显示,益生菌能有效治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染[OR=7.80,95% CI（4.78,12.75）,P＜0.000 1],降低口腔假丝酵母菌检出率[OR=0.06,95% CI（0.01,0.57）,P=0.010 0],降低治愈后复发率[OR=0.21,95% CI（0.12,0.35）,P＜0.000 1]。

益生菌对治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染具有一定效果,能降低口腔中假丝酵母菌的定植,减低治愈后的复发率。

     

双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻临床疗效的meta分析

采用meta分析评价双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的临床疗效。

系统性地检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Embase及Web of Science数据库,纳入国内外使用双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的随机对照研究和前瞻性非随机对照临床试验,文献检索时间至2022年6月,筛选所检索文献,提取符合纳入标准的文献数据进行质量评价,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。

经系统地检索文献,本研究共纳入16项前瞻性非随机对照研究进行meta分析,共计1 415例儿童,meta分析结果显示使用双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的显效率显著高于对照组[OR＝2.58,95% CI（2.03,3.28）,I² = 10%,P＜0.000 1];治疗组的总体有效率也显著高于对照组[OR = 5.80,95% CI（3.80,8.85）,I² = 0%,P＜0.000 1]。

Meta分析评价现有文献结果表明双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊与常规治疗措施相比,能够显著提高儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的显效率和总体有效率,有助于改善患儿临床预后和加速康复。

     

双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童功能性消化不良的Meta分析

系统评价双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊对儿童功能性消化不良（FD）的治疗作用。

检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science数据库中关于双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童FD的随机对照试验或前瞻性非随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2022年6月。由两个评价者依据纳入和排除标准分别单独筛选并获得文献和临床资料,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。

纳入9篇文献,共944例患者。Meta分析结果显示,双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊（试验组）治疗儿童功能性消化不良的总有效率显著高于常规治疗（对照组）[OR=4.89,95%CI（3.15～7.59）,P＜0.00001]。试验组患儿治疗后的症状评分、腹痛、腹胀、恶心的消退时间均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而血清胃动素水平显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。

双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童功能性消化不良效果显著。

     

杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115发酵乳饮品对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115（Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N1115）发酵乳饮品对小鼠免疫脏器指数、免疫球蛋白、巨噬细胞、NK细胞、B淋巴细胞及T淋巴细胞的影响。

将SPF级6～8周龄雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为对照组以及杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115发酵乳饮品低、中、高剂量组,每组15只,连续灌胃30 d,进行免疫脏器指数测定、免疫球蛋白测定、碳廓清能力测定、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、NK细胞活性测定、脾淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素测定和抗体细胞生成实验。

杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115发酵乳饮品低、中、高剂量组的小鼠碳廓清指数显著高于对照组（t = 3.926 2,P = 0.000 7;t = 6.000 1,P＜0.000 1;t = 5.314 4,P＜0.000 1）,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率显著高于对照组（t = 3.812 1,P = 0.001 5;t = 4.257 2,P = 0.000 4;t = 4.976 3,P = 0.000 5）。

杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115发酵乳饮品具有增强小鼠非特异性免疫力的功能,可为副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115的开发利用提供科学依据。

     

益生菌四联疗法对比铋剂四联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌感染的Meta分析

目的 系统评价益生菌四联疗法对比铋剂四联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染的疗效和不良反应。方法 计算机检索中英文数据库,收集上述2种方案根除H. pylori感染的随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时间均从建库至2016年10月。由2名评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料、评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,采取RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入12个RCT（共1 687例患者）。Meta分析结果显示：益生菌四联组患者对比铋剂四联组的H. pylori根除率按ITT分析为：80.6% vs 81.2%;按PP分析为：81.2% vs 83.7%,差异无统计学意义（ITT分析：RR=0.99,95%CI：0.95~1.04,P=0.76;PP分析：RR=0.97,95%CI：0.93~1.01,P=0.17）;益生菌四联组的总不良反应的发生率明显低于对照组（16.0% vs 34.9%）,且差异有统计学意义（RR=0.46,95%CI：0.37~0.57,P＜0.01）。结论 现有证据显示,益生菌四联疗法与铋剂四联疗法的H. pylori根除率相当,但益生菌四联疗法的不良反应低于铋剂四联疗法。由于纳入研究数量有限,质量不高,上述结论有待高质量的研究予以验证。     

Meta-analysis: Four-Drug, Three-Antibiotic, Non-bismuth-Containing "Concomitant Therapy" Versus Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Background: Low success rates with triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infections have prompted search for alternatives. In one, a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and amoxicillin was followed by the PPI plus clarithromycin and a nitroimidazole (sequential therapy); in another, these four drugs were given concomitantly (concomitant therapy).
Aim: To compare concomitant therapy with standard triple therapy for H. pylori infection.
Methods: By searching PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and abstracts of major gastrointestinal meeting, two independent reviewers systemically identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing concomitant quadruple to standard triple therapies as well as studies reporting eradication rates of concomitant quadruple therapy in treatment of H. pylori . Pooled eradication rates and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and univariable metaregression analysis for all extracted variables was conducted.
Results: We identified nine studies (10 treatment arms) including five qualifying RCTs (576 subjects) comparing concomitant (293 subjects, duration 3 to 5 days) and triple therapy (283 subjects, duration 5 to 10 days) and four other studies evaluating concomitant therapy (478 subjects, duration 3 to 7 days). Pooled estimates of the five RCTs showed superiority of concomitant therapy over triple therapy; with intention-to-treat) pooled OR of 2.86 (95% CI: 1.73–4.73) and per-protocol (PP) pooled OR of 3.52 (95% CI: 1.95–6.38). Considering all 10 treatment arms, the ITT eradication rate was 89.7% (95% CI: 86.8–92.1%) and PP was 92.9% (95% CI: 90.2–94.8%).
Conclusion: Concomitant therapy appears to be an effective alternative to triple therapy and is less complex than sequential therapy.     

Addition of metronidazole to rabeprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection provides an excellent cure rate with five-day therapy

Background. New triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori based on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) provides a cure rate of approximately 90% with few adverse effects. Recently, a PPI-based quadruple therapy, which consists of a PPI plus bismuth-based triple therapy for 7 days, has been studied, and a sufficient eradication rate has been achieved. However, a shorter duration results in improved compliance. In this study, newly developed short-term, simple twice-daily quadruple therapy consisting of rabeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole (RACM) was compared with a PPI-based triple-therapy regimen for eradication of H. pylori.
Patients and Methods. This study was designed as a randomized open, prospective single-center study. Of a total of 105 H. pylori –positive patients, 55 received the RACM regimen for 5 days (rabeprazole, 10 mg bid; amoxicillin, 750 mg bid; clarithromycin, 200 mg bid; and metronidazole, 250 mg bid), and 50 received the RAC regimen for 5 days (rabeprazole, 10 mg bid; amoxicillin, 750 mg bid; and clarithromycin, 200 mg bid). Cure of the infection was assessed by HpSA ( H. pylori stool antigen immunoassay) 1 month after completion of therapy.
Results. The rates of eradication of H. pylori by RACM versus RAC were 94.5% (95% CI, 85–99) versus 80.0% (95% CI, 66–90) by intention-to-treat analysis; 98.1% (95% CI, 90–100) versus 87.0% (95% CI, 74–95) by all-patients-treated analysis; and 98.1% (95% CI, 90–100) versus 86.7% (95% CI, 73–95) by per-protocol analysis. No major adverse effects were reported, and 98.0% of patients reported complete compliance.
Conclusions. The simple twice-daily and short-term quadruple regimen for only 5 days provided an excellent eradication rate. Compliance with the regimen was high, and serious adverse effects were few. Therefore, the RACM regimen can be considered as safe and effective.     

Moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy versus bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis

Background: Moxifloxacin‐containing triple therapy has been suggested as an alternative second‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Aims: To systematically review the efficacy and tolerance of moxifloxacin‐containing triple therapy in second‐line H. pylori eradication, and to conduct a meta‐analysis of studies comparing this regimen with bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled trials register, Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (updated to December 2010), and manual searches were conducted. A meta‐analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing moxifloxacin‐containing triple therapy to bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy in the second‐line treatment of H. pylori infection was performed. Results: Seven RCTs including 787 patients were assessed. The meta‐analysis showed that the eradication rate in the moxifloxacin group was significantly higher than that in the quadruple therapy group (74.9 vs 61.4%, OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.38–2.58, p < .0001); besides, the rates of side effects and discontinuing therapy because of side effects in the moxifloxacin group were significantly lower than those in the quadruple therapy group (side effects: 10.1 vs 27.8%, OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.18–0.41, p < .00001; discontinuing therapy because of side effects: 1.4 vs 8.2%, OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08–0.40, p < .0001). These results were constant in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Moxifloxacin‐containing triple regimen is more effective and better tolerated than the bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy in the second‐line treatment of H. pylori infection.     

Efficacy of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy as second-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Metronidazole and tetracycline-based second-line quadruple therapy, widely used for Helicobacter pylori infection, often ends up in failure due to antibiotic resistance and poor compliance in Korea. Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy as an alternative second-line treatment for H. pylori infection. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 85 patients infected with H. pylori, in whom initial proton pump inhibitor triple therapy had failed. They were randomized to receive the following 7-day therapy: 1, moxifloxacin 400 mg q.d., esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., and amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d.; and 2, esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d., tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 300 mg q.i.d., metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d., and tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d. Eradication rates, drug compliance, and side-effect rates of each group were evaluated. RESULTS: The eradication rates were 75.6 and 83.8% with moxifloxacin triple therapy, and 54.5 and 72.7% with quadruple therapy by intention-to-treat (p = .042) and per-protocol analyses (p = .260), respectively. Moxifloxacin triple therapy was significantly superior to quadruple therapy in terms of side-effect rates (p = .039). Compliance for therapy, i.e., the percentage of tablets taken (> 85%), was 90.2 and 75.0%, numerically higher in moxifloxacin triple therapy group than in quadruple therapy group, but without statistical difference (p = .065). CONCLUSIONS: Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy showed high eradication rates with few side effects and good drug compliance, suggesting this regimen could be a safe and effective option as second-line therapy for H. pylori infection in Korea.