乳腺癌c－erb B－2表达与细胞形态定量及DNA含量的关系

应用免疫组织化学及图像分析技术对５０例乳腺癌的ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２癌基因表达与细胞形态定量及ＤＮＡ含量的关系进行了分析。结果显示：（１）ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性乳腺癌细胞平均ＤＮＡ含量及倍体数明显高于ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阴性者,且以非二倍体细胞为主;（２）ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阴性乳腺癌细胞平均核面积（ＮＡ）、核周长、核直径及核浆比例均大于ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阴性者。术后５年内死亡的ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性乳腺癌细胞ＮＡ值最大,ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性且有淋巴结转移者细胞ＮＡ值亦较大,核形状因子偏离“１”更远。表明ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达与乳腺癌细胞的分裂及分化关系密切。     

乳腺癌HSV—1,HSV—2与c—erbB—2的免疫组化研究

采用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法检测５２例手术切除乳腺癌组织ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白和ＨＳＶ－１、ＨＳＶ－２表达情况。结果发现癌组织中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性３４例（６５．４％）;ＨＳＶ－１阳性３８例（７３．１％）;ＨＳＶ－２阳性１５例（２８．８％）。癌旁组织３２例,阳性分别为３例（９．４％）;１２例（３７．５％）;２例（６．３％）。乳腺癌中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性率明显高于癌旁组织。乳腺癌及癌旁的ＨＳＶ－１阳性率明显高于ＨＳＶ－２,乳腺癌ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性组中ＨＳＶ－１和ＨＳＶ－２的表达有显著差异,而在阴性组二者无差异,提示乳腺癌的发生可能和ＨＳＶ－１感染密切相关,ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达也可能和ＨＳＶ－１感染有关。     

细胞凋亡过程中c-erbB-2基因的表达

据文献报道ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２可以介导细胞凋亡,为检验这一结论是否具有普遍性,用５－氟尿嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）诱导小鼠成纤维细胞ＮＣ３Ｈ１０,ＴＣ３Ｈ１０及人乳腺癌细胞ＭＣＦ－７的凋亡．用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法检测ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２的表达状况．结果显示：ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因表达在５－Ｆｕ作用６ｈ开始降低,１２ｈ降低更为明显．作用２４～４８ｈ出现细胞存活率下降,ＤＮＡ梯状断裂及细胞周期凋亡峰等凋亡典型现象．实验结果并不支持ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２可介导细胞凋亡的观点．该基因在细胞凋亡过程中有何作用尚待探讨．     

c—erbB2对大鼠黄体细胞hCG诱导的孕酮分泌的影响

采用离体细胞体外孵育法,研究反义ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２寡脱氧核苷酸（ａｎｔｉｓｅｎｓｅ ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２ ＯＤＮ）对大鼠黄体细胞ｈＣＧ诱导的孕酮分泌的影响,及其与外源性ｃＡＭＰ和Ｃａ＾２＋以及蛋白抑制剂放线菌酮（ＣＹＸ）之间的关系。结果表明,反义ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２以剂量相关方式抑制黄体细胞ｈＣＧ诱导的孕酮的产生,同时使ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２蛋白染色阳性的黄体细胞百分数下降,无义ｔａｔ ＯＤＮ没有相应的作用。１０＾－４     

erbB-2与胃癌细胞恶性表型及其增殖调控的关系

应用基因重组、基因转染、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交、Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交、细胞生长曲线测定及裸鼠成瘤观察了反义ｅｒｂＢ－２逆转录病毒重组载体的转染对人胃癌细胞中ｅｒｂＢ－２过度表达的影响及其对ＥＧＦ的反应性．研究结果显示,ｅｒｂＢ－２的表达被其反义重组子特异抑制,伴有细胞增殖能力的下降及致瘤性的下降;在ＥＧＦ的刺激下,ｅｒｂＢ－２高表达肿瘤细胞生长速度提高的幅度显著大于ｅｒｂＢ－２反义重组载体转染细胞;ＥＧＦ促细胞增殖及促基因表达的功能在ｅｒｂＢ－２反义重组子转染后受到抑制,提示ｅｒｂＢ－２在细胞增殖调控中具有重要功能．     

重组RA—538及反义c—myc腺病毒对人胃癌,食管癌和bcl—2高表达细胞系的作用

本课题研究ＲＡ５３８、反义c-ymc重组腺病毒对人胃癌（ＳＧＣ７９０１）、食管癌（Ｅ Ｃ１０９、ＥＣ８７１２）、正常人胚肺２ＢＳ（２ＢＳ）及ｂｃｌ－２高表达细胞第的体仙外生物学作用及其分子机制。结果显示Ａｄ－ＲＡ５３８及Ａｄ－ＡＳｃ－ｍｙｃ对ＳＧＣ７９０１细胞体内外均具有明显的生长抑制及凋亡诱导作用,并能抑制其ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｂｃｌ－２、ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１基因的表达及刺激ｂａｘ基因的表达。对ＥＣ１０９、ＥＣ８     

人重组白细胞介素—6对缺氧时大鼠海马神经元Bcl—2表达？…

目的和方法：采用免疫组化方法,观察缺氧对体外培养大鼠海马神经元Ｂｃｌ－２表达及人重组白细胞介素－６的影响。结果：经ｒｈＩＬ－６孵育的海马神经元缺氧后神经元活存 数、Ｂｃｌ－２表达阳性神经元数和Ｂｃｌ－２表达阳性神经元的平均光密度均明显高于对照组。结论：ｒｈＩＬ－６能增强缺氧神经元Ｂｃｌ－２的表达,抑制缺氧后神经元的死亡,提示ｒｈＩＬ－６参与脑缺氧损伤的调控。     

c—fos,c—myb和c—erbB—2与大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞生孕酮调？…

目的和方法：用离体细胞体外孵育法,观察肥义ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｍｙｂ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２寡脱氧核苷酸（ｃ－ｆｏｓ ＯＤＮ、ｃ－ｍｙｂ ＯＤＮ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２ ＯＤＮ）对ｈＣＧ诱导大鼠颗粒细胞孕酮产生的影响。同时观察内皮素－１、γ－氨基丁酸和钙离子通道阻断剂维拉帕米对细胞中ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｍｙｂ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白的影响。结果：反义ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｍｙｂ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２ ＯＤＮ均明显抑制ｈＣＧ诱导颗     

ras和c-erbB癌基因在特发性肺间质纤维化中的表达

采用原位分子杂交技术和免疫组织化学方法,对８例临床与肺组织学确诊的特发性肺间质纤维化（ＩＰＦ）病人的肺活检组织及７例正常肺组织进行了ｒａｓ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ癌基因及其产物的检测。结果：ｒａｓ癌基因产物Ｐ２１在６／８例ＩＰＦ肺组织中呈阳性反应;５／８例ＩＰＦ肺组织ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２显免疫阳性反应,而在７例正常肺组织Ｐ２１及ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２均无明显表达,原位杂交结果显示ＩＰＦ肺组织没有明显ｒａｓ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ癌基因的ＤＮＡ扩增提示ＩＰＦ的病变过程与ｒａｓ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ癌蛋白表达增强有关     

erbB-2表达抑制与EGF对p21、p53基因转录活性的促进

原癌基因ｅｒｂＢ－２的异常表达存在于人类多种肿瘤中,与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关［１］．我们曾构建了反义ｅｒｂＢ－２逆转录病毒重组载体,将其转染存在该基因异常表达的人胃癌细胞系ＢＧＣ－８２３,达到了特异抑制ｅｒｂＢ－２表达、抑制瘤细胞恶性增殖并部分阻断...     

Differentiation of human airway epithelia is dependent on erbB2

A clinical case documented a reversible change in airway epithelial differentiation that coincided with the initiation and discontinuation of trastuzumab, an anti-erbB2 antibody. This prompted the investigation into whether blocking the erbB2 receptor alters differentiation of the airway epithelium. To test this hypothesis, we treated an in vitro model of well-differentiated human airway epithelia with trastuzumab or heregulin-alpha, an erbB ligand. In addition, coculturing with human lung fibroblasts tested whether in vivo subepithelial fibroblasts function as an endogenous source of ligands able to activate erbB receptors expressed by the overlying epithelial cells. Epithelia were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and used for morphometric analysis. Trastuzumab treatment decreased the ciliated cell number by 49% and increased the metaplastic, flat cell number by 640%. Heregulin-alpha treatment increased epithelial height and decreased the number of metaplastic and nonciliated columnar cells, whereas it increased the goblet cell number. We found that normal human lung fibroblasts express transforming growth factor-alpha, heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factor, epiregulin, heregulin-alpha, and amphiregulin, all of which are erbB ligands. Cocultures of airway epithelia with primary fibroblasts increased epithelial height comparable to that achieved following heregulin-alpha treatment. These data show that erbB2 stimulation is required for maintaining epithelial differentiation. Furthermore, the mesenchyme underlying the airway epithelium secretes a variety of erbB ligands that may direct various pathways of epithelial differentiation.     

Beta(1)-integrins are involved in migration of human fetal tracheal epithelial cells and tubular morphogenesis

Development of human fetal airways requires interaction of the respiratory epithelium and the extracellular matrix through integrins. Nevertheless, the specific roles of beta(1)-integrins during development and tubular morphogenesis are still unknown. To analyze beta(1)-integrin localization and influence during migration, we developed a model of human fetal tracheal explants growing on collagen and overlaid with a second layer of collagen to form a sandwich. In this configuration, cord and tubule formation proceeded normally but were inhibited by incubation with anti-beta(1)-integrin subunit antibodies. On a collagen matrix, beta(1)-integrins were immunolocalized on the entire plasma membrane of migrating epithelial cells and almost exclusively on the basal plasma membrane of nonmigratory epithelial cells. In a sandwich configuration, beta(1)-integrins became detectable in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Coating cultures with collagen transiently altered the morphology of migrating cells and their speed and direction of migration, whereas incubation with anti-beta(1)-integrin subunit antibodies irreversibly altered these parameters. These observations suggest that the matrix environment, by modulating beta(1)-integrin expression patterns, plays a key role during tubular morphogenesis of human fetal tracheal epithelium, principally by modulating epithelial cell migration.     

ErbB4 regulates fetal surfactant phospholipid synthesis in primary fetal rat type II cells

Insufficient fetal surfactant production leads to respiratory distress syndrome among preterm infants. Neuregulin signals the onset of fetal surfactant phospholipid synthesis through formation of erbB receptor dimers. We hypothesized that erbB4 downregulation in fetal type II epithelial cells will downregulate not only fetal surfactant phospholipid synthesis, but also affect proliferation and erbB receptor localization. We tested these hypotheses using small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against the erbB4 gene to silence erbB4 receptor function in cultures of primary day 19 fetal rat lung type II cells. ErbB4 siRNA treatment inhibited erbB4 receptor protein expression, fibroblast-conditioned medium induced erbB4 phosphorylation, and fetal surfactant phospholipid synthesis. Cell proliferation, measured as thymidine incorporation, was also inhibited by erbB4 siRNA treatment. Downregulation of erbB4 receptor protein changed erbB1 localization at baseline and after stimulation, as determined by confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation. We conclude that erbB4 is an important receptor in the control of fetal lung type II cell maturation.     

EB病毒感染人胎鼻咽上皮细胞逃避老化期过程中抑制p16^INK4a表达

细胞周期调控紊乱是细胞永生化进程中一个重要的分子事件,本文利用Western blotting和S-P法分别检测p16^INK4a、p53、p21^WAF1／CIP1和E2F1的蛋白表达,试图从细胞周期调控的角度,探讨EB病毒诱导人胎鼻咽上皮细胞逃避老化期的分子机制。结果表明,EB病毒通过抑制p16^INK4a表达而阻断p16^INK4a／Rb途径,上调转录因子E2F1,而对p53、p21^WAF1／CIP表达无明显的影响。结果初步揭示,EB病毒介导的p16^INK4a／Rb／E2F1细胞周期调控紊乱参与了人胎鼻咽上皮细胞逃避老化期过程,为进一步探讨鼻咽癌发病机制提供了科学依据。     

Expression and regulation of the human beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intestinal epithelium

The intestinal epithelium forms a physical barrier to limit access of enteric microbes to the host and contributes to innate host defense by producing effector molecules against luminal microbes. To further define the role of the intestinal epithelium in antimicrobial host defense, we analyzed the expression, regulation, and production of two antimicrobial peptides, human defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2, by human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. The human colon epithelial cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 constitutively express hBD-1 mRNA and protein but not hBD-2. However, hBD-2 expression is rapidly induced by IL-1alpha stimulation or infection of those cells with enteroinvasive bacteria. Moreover, hBD-2 functions as a NF-kappaB target gene in the intestinal epithelium as blocking NF-kappaB activation inhibits the up-regulated expression of hBD-2 in response to IL-1alpha stimulation or bacterial infection. Caco-2 cells produce two hBD-1 isoforms and a hBD-2 peptide larger in size than previously described hBD-2 isoforms. Paralleling the in vitro findings, human fetal intestinal xenografts constitutively express hBD-1, but not hBD-2, and hBD-2 expression, but not hBD-1, is up-regulated in xenografts infected intraluminally with Salmonella. hBD-1 is expressed by the epithelium of normal human colon and small intestine, with a similar pattern of expression in inflamed colon. In contrast, there is little hBD-2 expression by the epithelium of normal colon, but abundant hBD-2 expression by the epithelium of inflamed colon. hBD-1 and hBD-2 may be integral components of epithelial innate immunity in the intestine, with each occupying a distinct functional niche in intestinal mucosal defense.     

Expression of intermediate filament proteins in fetal and adult human lung tissues

The expression patterns of intermediate filament proteins in fetal and normal or nonpathological adult human lung tissues are described using (chain-specific) monoclonal antibodies. In early stages of development (9-10 weeks and 25 weeks of gestation) only so-called simple cytokeratins such as cytokeratins 7 (minor amounts). 8, 18 and 19 are detected in bronchial epithelial cells. At later stages of development, the cytokeratin expression patterns become more complex. The number of bronchial cells positive for cytokeratin 7 increases, but basal cells in the bronchial epithelium remain negative. These latter cells show, however, expression of cytokeratin 14 in the third trimester of gestation. Developing alveolar epithelial cells express cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19. In adult human bronchial epithelium cytokeratins 4 (varying amounts), 7, 8, 13 (minor amounts), 14, 18 and 19 can be detected, with the main expression of cytokeratins 7, 8, and 18 in columnar cells and the main expression of cytokeratin 14 in basal cells. Vimentin is detected in all mesenchymal tissues. In addition, fetal lung expresses vimentin in bronchial epithelium, however, to a lesser extent with increasing age, resulting in the expression of vimentin in only few scattered bronchial cells at birth. Also in adult bronchial epithelium the expression of vimentin is noticed in part of the basal and columnar epithelial cells. Desmin filaments, present in smooth muscle cells of the lung, appear to alter their protein structure with age. In early stages of development smooth muscle cells surrounding blood vessels are partly reactive with some cytokeratin antibodies and with a polyclonal desmin antibody. At week 9-10 and week 25 of gestation a monoclonal antibody to desmin, however, is not reactive with blood vessel smooth muscle cells but is only reactive with smooth muscle cells surrounding bronchi. With increasing age the reactivity of cytokeratin antibodies with smooth muscle cells in blood vessels decreases, while the reactivity with the monoclonal desmin antibody increases. Our results show that during differentiation profound changes in the intermediate filament expression patterns occur in the different cell types of the developing lung.     

Smooth muscle actin expression during rat gut development and induction in fetal skin fibroblastic cells associated with intestinal embryonic epithelium

Abstract. Cytodifferentiation of smooth muscle cells has been analyzed immunocytochemically during rat intestinal development and in chimaeric intestines by using monoclonal antibodies reacting specifically with smooth muscle actin species ( CGA7 [10] and anti-α SM-1 [40]). As development proceeds, the various intestinal muscle layers differentiate in the following order: (1) cells expressing smooth muscle actin appear within the mesenchyme of the 15-day fetal rat intestine, in the circular muscle-forming area, the differentiation of cells in the presumptive longitudinal muscle layer starting with a 48-h delay; (2) smooth muscle fibers appear within the connective tissue core of the villi shortly after birth, in parallel with a progressive formation of the muscularis mucosae, which becomes clear-cut only in the course of the 2nd week after birth; (3) a distinct cell layer in the innermost part of the circular muscle layer arises during the perinatal period. Thereafter, the fluorescence pattern remains unchanged until the adult stage. Chimaeric intestines were constructed by the association of 14-day fetal intestinal epithelium and cultured fetal rat or human skin fibroblasts. These fibroblastic cells did not express actin at the time at which they were associated. The immunocytochemical analysis of smooth muscle actin in the hybrid intestines, which had developed as intracoelomic grafts for 12 days, revealed that the skin fibroblastic cells had been induced by the intestinal epithelial cells to differentiate into smooth muscle cells. Such a result was also obtained with allantoic endoderm. It was not obvious in cocultures of intestinal epithelium with skin fibroblastic cells. However, when intestinal epithelial cells were cocultured with intestinal mesenchymal cells, actin expression was stimulated in the latter cell population.     

Suprabasal expression of a 64-kilodalton keratin (no. 3) in developing human corneal epithelium

We have previously shown that a basic 64-kilodalton (no. 3 in the catalog of Moll et al.) and an acidic 55-kilodalton (no. 12) keratin are characteristic of suprabasal cell layers in cultured rabbit corneal epithelial colonies, and therefore may be regarded as markers for an advanced stage of corneal epithelial differentiation. Moreover, using an AE5 mouse monoclonal antibody, we showed that the 64-kilodalton keratin marker is expressed suprabasally in limbal epithelium but uniformly (basal layer included) in central corneal epithelium, suggesting that corneal basal cells are in a more differentiated state than limbal basal cells. In conjunction with previous data implicating the centripetal migration of corneal epithelial cells, our data support a model of corneal epithelial maturation in which corneal epithelial stem cells are located in the limbus, the transitional zone between the cornea and conjunctiva. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of the 64-kilodalton keratin in developing human corneal epithelium by immunohistochemical staining. At 8 weeks of gestation, the presumptive corneal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells with an overlying periderm; neither of these cell layers is AE5 positive. At 12-13 weeks of gestation, some superficial cells of the three- to four-layered epithelium become AE5 positive, providing the earliest sign of overt corneal epithelial differentiation. At 36 weeks, although the epithelium is morphologically mature (four to six layers), AE5 produces a suprabasal staining pattern, this being in contrast to the adult epithelium which exhibits uniform staining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Immunohistochemical mapping of endothelin in the developing and adult mouse lung.

Endothelins (ET) are a family of regulatory peptides displaying, among other abilities, potent constrictor actions. We studied the perinatal time course expression and distribution of ET in the mouse airway epithelium. In fetal mouse, ET-immunoreactivity (IR) appeared earlier (gestational Day 18) in the epithelium of upper (bronchi and large bronchioles) than in lower airways, being scarce and mainly located in the apical cytoplasm. As the lung developed, ET-IR became gradually stronger and extended throughout the cell in both bronchi and bronchioles. ET-IR was found in most airway epithelial cells. Clara cells were positive for ET, whereas ciliated and endocrine cells were not. In adult lungs, part of the myocytes and parenchymal cells also showed ET-IR. In both developing and adult mouse lungs, the cell distribution of ET-IR in the epithelium is compatible with apical and/or basal secretion. The presence of ET in mouse airway epithelium during the perinatal period may indicate a role for ET as a growth factor in lung development and its involvement in control of lung ventilation at birth.