生物地磁响应研究进展

地球上的生物每时每刻都受到地球磁场的影响.本文从介绍磁场及地球磁场入手,详细阐述了生物对地球磁场的磁响应现象.从候鸟到厌氧细菌,大量生物已被证实可对磁场产生生理和行为响应,即表现为磁场影响生物的生理发育,且提供地磁信息作为"罗盘"与"地图",指导动物远距离迁徙或短距离扩散等.关于生物磁响应的机制,目前有两种假说得到广泛认可,即磁颗粒介导的磁受体假说和依赖光并基于自由基对的磁响应假说,而近期由中国科学家提出的磁蛋白生物指南针模型更是引起了广泛关注,但至今尚缺乏生物活体验证.目前,全球变化背景下的地磁场变化面临加剧风险,而国际上(尤其是国内)对生物磁响应现象的研究才刚刚起步,相关研究亟待深入开展,以便为应对地磁场变化提供基于生物磁响应的科学依据.     

量子点生物传感体系用于胆碱酯酶抑制剂检测的研究进展

量子点是一种具有独特性质的纳米材料,近年来被广泛应用于传感领域。对高毒性胆碱酯酶抑制剂类化合物进行灵敏检测一直是传感领域的一个研究热点。我们就偶联标记型和非标记型两种传感策略,对量子点生物传感体系用于胆碱酯酶抑制剂检测的研究工作进行了综述。     

集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的评价方法

集中集约用海是一种相对高效、生态和科学的用海方式,但也不可避免会干扰海洋生态系统,甚至带来海洋环境污染和生态破坏。因此,将集约用海工程对海洋生态环境的影响降到最低,进行集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的科学评价是十分重要的。通过分析集约用海工程对海洋生态系统的影响,提出了集约用海工程对海洋生态环境影响评价的主要内容、思路和流程,从海洋生态系统的非生物因子和生物因子两个方面构建了基于"生境质量"和"生态响应"的集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的评价指标体系。"生境质量"指标反映了集约用海工程影响海域的海洋生物栖息环境质量状况的变化,主要包括水环境、沉积环境和典型物种的生物质量指标,"生态响应"指标反映了集约用海工程影响的海域不同营养级的生物对变化环境的生态响应,它主要包括生物群落结构指标和生态敏感区结构、功能指标。在此基础上,结合我国海洋生态环境监测和评估现状,研究并确定了生态环境影响的各评价因子的权重、标准及评价等级,建立了集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的综合指数法评价模型,通过集约用海工程建设前后生态环境综合指数的变化量ΔE来定量地衡量其对海洋生态环境影响的程度。以期为适宜的集约用海工程规模和科学选址提供技术支撑。     

刺激响应型DNA水凝胶的性质及其应用

DNA水凝胶作为一种生物合成分子,既具有DNA分子的特异性、生物可降解性和分子识别等特性,又具有水凝胶的高亲水性等特征。刺激响应型DNA水凝胶主要是在环境因素的刺激下,利用常规DNA序列经Watson-Crick碱基互补配对形成的DNA分支结构或多种功能核酸的特殊DNA序列形成的i-motif结构; T-A·T三螺旋结构、C-G·C~+三螺旋结构及G-四链体结构等对环境的响应行为使水凝胶形成及应用。近年来,刺激响应型DNA水凝胶因其在温度、pH、光、金属离子、生物分子等单刺激因素,以及光热、金属离子、有机物、温度与p H等多刺激因素下的独特应答性质,在生物传感、生物成像、药物递送、生物材料等方面得到了广泛的应用。综述了刺激响应型DNA水凝胶的形成方法、分类及其核酸来源,形成后的表征手段以及在环境刺激下的响应行为与应用,概括了目前刺激响应型DNA水凝胶的研究热点,并就其未来发展趋势做出了预测。     

微生物金属响应蛋白研究进展

微生物金属响应蛋白(Metal responsive proteins)是一类具有金属传感效应的DNA转录调节因子。目前,已研究的该调节因子家族有7个(Ars R-Smt B等)。每个响应蛋白家族的不同代表都可以调节基于不同金属效应物的基因表达,它们不仅调节微生物细胞内与金属内稳态直接相关的基因表达,还可以调节细胞代谢以减少细胞对供应短缺的金属的需求。目前,金属响应蛋白的研究已有一定成果,部分金属响应结合位点的氨基酸残基及调节机制都被确定。本综述总结了不同金属响应蛋白家族的金属转录调节因子,介绍了关于金属调节基因表达机制的现有研究进展,并以Ars R-Smt B家族和Fur家族为例,详细介绍了金属响应结合位点的结构特征与相关表达调控机制。此外,还介绍了不同响应蛋白控制微生物细胞金属水平作用方面的最新进展,以及在生物冶金与微生物环境治理方面的应用前景。     

基于生境质量和生态响应的莱州湾生态环境质量评价

莱州湾沿岸海域未来10a是山东省集约用海规划的重要区域。为了降低和减少用海工程对海洋生态系统可能产生的不利影响,确定集约用海适宜规模和科学选址,应用已构建的集约用海对海洋生态影响评价指标体系和方法,从生境质量和生态响应两方面对莱州湾2004年至2012年的生态环境质量状况进行了评价。结果表明:位于莱州湾西部和南部近岸海域的Ⅰ区和Ⅳ区生态环境质量达到"差"的等级,生境质量总体上处于轻度到中度污染水平,水质和生物质量污染较严重,生态受到中度到严重扰动,其中浮游植物和浮游动物密度偏离标准值较大,大型底栖生物密度和生物量总体偏离标准值不大,但其物种组成已发生了明显变化,鱼卵和仔鱼数量急剧下降。在这两个区域要严格控制集约用海工程规模和新的污染排放,密切关注其对海洋生态的影响。位于莱州湾中部和东部的Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区生态环境质量接近"一般"等级,生境质量总体上处于轻度污染水平,水质受到一定程度污染,生态处于中度扰动状况。总体上,2011年和2012年莱州湾生态环境质量综合指数E值明显高于其他年份,生态环境有明显好转趋势。     

刺激响应型DNA水凝胶的性质及其应用 *

DNA水凝胶作为一种生物合成分子,既具有DNA分子的特异性,生物可降解性和分子识别等特性,又具有水凝胶的高亲水性等特征.刺激响应型DNA水凝胶主要是在环境因素的刺激下,利用常规DNA序列经Watson-Crick碱基互补配对形成的DNA分支结构或多种功能核酸的特殊DNA序列形成的i-motif结构;T-A·T三螺旋结构,C-G·C ⁺三螺旋结构及G-四链体结构等对环境的响应行为使水凝胶形成及应用.近年来,刺激响应型DNA水凝胶因其在温度,pH,光,金属离子,生物分子等单刺激因素,以及光热,金属离子,有机物,温度与pH等多刺激因素下的独特应答性质,在生物传感,生物成像,药物递送,生物材料等方面得到了广泛的应用.综述了刺激响应型DNA水凝胶的形成方法,分类及其核酸来源,形成后的表征手段以及在环境刺激下的响应行为与应用,概括了目前刺激响应型DNA水凝胶的研究热点,并就其未来发展趋势做出了预测.     

细胞黏附压电传感响应机制分析

基于压电传感器的一维多层及传输线等效电路模型,利用声阻抗概念,将传感器响应与声阻抗直接联系,建立起压电传感器响应机制的声阻抗模型。由此模型对单、双层等基本负载分别导出相应的传感器响应方程。理论分析表明,声阻抗是生物传感的核心,可通过其阐明各种传感器响应机制的物理意义,特别是细胞黏附的压电传感响应机制分析。实验结果良好地验证了细胞黏附行为的压电传感响应声阻抗理论,据此建立了频率变化!f(Hz)与细胞浓度C(ml-1)之间良好的线性关系,相关系数R=0.98,其线性方程为"f=-246C-20.1(P<0.001)。研究对细胞黏附的压电传感及其应用具有指导意义。     

荧光纳米生物传感器研究进展

荧光纳米生物传感器检测物质具有灵敏度高、响应迅速、抗干扰性强、无需参比电极等特点而被广泛地运用于生物传感技术领域。本文综述了荧光纳米生物传感器种类和特点,介绍了国内外近期在荧光纳米生物传感器及在生物检测方面的一些研究成果及进展,并作了分析比较。着重讨论了纳米粒子荧光生物传感器和光纤纳米荧光生物传感器的特性及其在生物分析中的应用。     

常见生物传感芯片及其应用进展

生物传感芯片是一类综合了生物芯片和生物传感器的优点的新型生物芯片,在保持传统生物芯片的高通量、可寻址、并行处理等特点的基础上,与生物传感器技术相结合,进一步提高了芯片检测的灵敏度和特异性。常见的生物传感芯片主要有光纤传感芯片、表面等离子体共振传感芯片、热生物传感芯片、压电晶体传感芯片等,可用于各种生物大分子,如蛋白质、核酸等的检测,金属离子的测定,病原体的检测,药物筛选等。     

Dynamic concentration challenges for biosensor characterization

A method and apparatus are described for characterization of the steady state and dynamic response of biosensors. The apparatus produces a steady stream of homogeneously mixed analyte whose concentration can be fixed at discrete values or varied continously. The device is ideally suited for continously operated biosensors, but is also effective for biosensors that operate in discrete sampling modes. The system permits simultaneous testing of several sensors and determination of the accuracy, precision and repeatability of sensor response. The characteristics of this testing apparatus were validated with ferrocyanide and glucose as indicators. As an example of use of the apparatus, concentration ramps were created and used to complement conventional step changes for characterizing an implantable glucose sensor. The ramp rate can be adjusted easily by scaling the apparatus to simulate the rate of concentration change anticipated during actual monitoring situations.     

核酸生物传感器及其研究进展

核酸生物传感器在涉及分子生物学的研究领域具有重要意义.为适应分子生物学及其相关学科的发展需要,其研究正成为90年代生物传感技术研究热点.文章对核酸生物传感器的工作原理、分类、研究现状以及发展趋势作了较详细的介绍.     

A review of specialty fiber biosensors based on interferometer configuration

Optical fiber biosensors have attracted extensive research attention in fields such as public health research, environmental science, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and drug research. Accurate detection of biomolecules is essential to limit the extent of disease outbreaks and provide valuable guidance for regulatory agencies to take timely measures. Among many optical fiber sensors, optical fiber biosensors based on specialty fibers have the advantages of biocompatibility, small size, high measurement resolution, high stability and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this paper, four types interferometer biosensors based on specialty fiber, namely Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Michelson interferometer, Fabry - Perot interferometer and Sagnac interferometer, are reviewed in terms of operating principles, sensing structure and application fields. The fiber types are further divided into micro-nano optical fiber, thin core fiber, polarization maintaining fiber, polymer fiber, microstructure optical fiber. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these interferometer biosensors. Finally, main challenging problems and expectational development direction of specialty fiber interferometer biosensors are summarized. This text clearly shows the huge development potential of optical fiber biosensors in biomedical.     

呼吸道神经与炎症及癌变的关系(英文)

肺癌是主要医学难题之一,尽管分子生物学和药理学技术在进步,肺癌的治疗结果却不尽人意。临床上,炎症与肿瘤密切相关,炎症能够促进肿瘤的形成。从遗传角度讲,这两个过程受到同一个基因座的调控。越来越多的证据表明,神经和免疫两个系统存在交互作用,其中迷走神经起着重要作用。在临床及动物实验中分别观察到:切除迷走神经后肺部的肿瘤发生率增高,转移增加。表明迷走神经具有保护作用,能抑制肿瘤生长。气道感受器是生物感应器,能感受肺部炎症及肿瘤生长过程中的多种介质和细胞因子。这些信号通过迷走神经传递给脑,提供肿瘤生长的信息,随后产生一系列的反应调节炎症的广度和强度以及肿瘤生长速度。肿瘤细胞表达神经递质的受体,能提供底物与神经元直接相互作用。因此,免疫反应的神经调节既可以靶向炎症又可以靶向肿瘤。认识肺部神经如何监控肿瘤的生长并且产生神经免疫相互作用以调节肿瘤的进展及转移,将提高肺癌的治疗水平。     

Ultrasensitive carbon nanotube-based biosensors using antibody-binding fragments

We report a method to build ultrasensitive carbon nanotube-based biosensors using immune binding reaction. Here carbon nanotube-field effect transistors (CNT-FETs) were functionalized with antibody-binding fragments as a receptor, and the binding event of target immunoglobulin G (IgG) onto the fragments was detected by monitoring the gating effect caused by the charges of the target IgG. Because the biosensors were used in buffer solution, it was crucial to use small-size receptors so that the charged target IgG could approach the CNT surface within the Debye length distance to give a large gating effect. The results show that CNT-FET biosensors using whole antibody had very low sensitivity (detection limit ∼1000 ng/ml), whereas those based on small Fab fragments could detect 1 pg/ml (∼7 fM level). Moreover, our Fab-modified CNT-FET could successfully block the nontarget proteins and could selectively detect the target protein in an environment similar to that of human serum electrolyte. Significantly, this strategy can be applied to general antibody-based detection schemes, and it should enable the production of label-free ultrasensitive electronic biosensors to detect clinically important biomarkers for disease diagnosis.     

Label‐free indicator‐free nucleic acid biosensors using carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising components for electrical biosensors due to their high surface‐to‐volume ratio and improved electron transfer properties. This review surveys CNT‐based label‐free indicator‐free biosensing strategies that have been demonstrated for the sensitive detection of nucleic acids. After an introduction to CNTs, the fabrication of biosensors and techniques for the immobilization of probe nucleic acids are outlined. Subsequently, two major label‐free strategies namely electrochemical transduction and field‐effect detection are presented. The focus is on direct detection methods that avoid labels, indicators, intercalating agents, mediators, and even secondary receptors. The review concludes with a comparison between the various biosensors and presents ways of engineering them so that they can be deployed in realistic diagnostic applications.     

生物芯片、生物传感器和生物信息学

近年来,在生物技术和医学研究领域涌现出了许多新技术平台,其中就包括生物芯片技术和生物传感器技术。生物芯片和生物传感器的构建都必须以生物信息学为基础,而两种技术平台应用所得出的数据和结果又反过来大大丰富和充实了生物信息学本身。本分析概述了生物芯片和生物传感器两种技术平台以及生物信息学,对三之间的相互关系进行了讨论。     

Protein-based voltammetric biosensors fabricated with nanomaterials

Protein-based voltammetric biosensors are sensors based on the electric communication between proteins and electrodes. Recently, more and more nanomaterials are utilized to assist the fabrication of such kind of biosensors. In this review, we mainly detail the biosensors constructed with different kinds of nanomaterials depending on their categories in the past two years.     

Insight of smart biosensors for COVID-19: A review

The review discusses the diagnostic application of biosensors as point-of-care devices in the COVID-19 pandemic. Biosensors are important analytical tools that can be used for the robust and effective detection of infectious diseases in real-time. In this current scenario, the utilization of smart, efficient biosensors for COVID-19 detection is increasing and we have included a few smart biosensors such as smart and intelligent based biosensors, plasmonic biosensors, field effect transistor (FET) biosensors, smart optical biosensors, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor, screen printed electrode (SPE)-based biosensor, molecular imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensor, MXene-based biosensor and metal–organic frame smart sensor. Their significance as well as the benefits and drawbacks of each kind of smart sensor are mentioned in depth. Furthermore, we have compiled a list of various biosensors which have been developed across the globe for COVID-19 and have shown promise as commercial detection devices. Significant challenges in the development of effective diagnostic methods are discussed and recommendations have been made for better diagnostic outcomes to manage the ongoing pandemic effectively.     

Ion sensitive field effect transducer-based biosensors

Ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) have found growing interest in the rapidly developing field of biosensors. The principles, application and new developing techniques of ISFET-based biosensors are reviewed.