中国中生代昆虫化石研究新进展

回顾了1990年以来中国中生代昆虫化石研究的新进展;简述了我国学者在古昆虫分类学、昆虫内部形态学、昆虫系统学、古生态学、昆虫生物地层学、昆虫区系的历史演变、生物古地理学、昆虫与植物的关系等8个方面取得的突出贡献,并给出了我国发现的世界最低层位昆虫科级类群表。     

中国东北中生代时期的传粉昆虫与虫媒植物

昆虫与植物的相互作用在昆虫与植物协同进化和发展中起着至关重要的作用。化石记录中发现了昆虫取食花粉、授粉滴、访问中生代裸子植物具胚珠的繁殖器官等多方面的昆虫化石证据。20世纪90年代以来,研究和报道了大量采自中国东北地区保存良好的昆虫与植物化石。例如发表于Science上的2篇具有长喙的双翅目和长翅目昆虫化石文章,暗示着它们很可能参与各种裸子植物的授粉。在本篇文章中,作者回顾了已报道的中国东北晚中生代时期的昆虫化石,并把它们与授粉或访"花"相联系。另外,作者对采自同一层位的同时代的植物化石进行了初步研究并介绍了可能涉及到与昆虫相互作用的代表性植物。今后将进一步深入研究,以期在化石中找到昆虫授粉和访花的直接证据。     

A golden orb-weaver spider (Araneae: Nephilidae: Nephila) from the Middle Jurassic of China

Nephila are large, conspicuous weavers of orb webs composed of golden silk, in tropical and subtropical regions. Nephilids have a sparse fossil record, the oldest described hitherto being Cretaraneus vilaltae from the Cretaceous of Spain. Five species from Neogene Dominican amber and one from the Eocene of Florissant, CO, USA, have been referred to the extant genus Nephila. Here, we report the largest known fossil spider, Nephila jurassica sp. nov., from Middle Jurassic (approx. 165 Ma) strata of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The new species extends the fossil record of the family by approximately 35 Ma and of the genus Nephila by approximately 130 Ma, making it the longest ranging spider genus known. Nephilidae originated somewhere on Pangaea, possibly the North China block, followed by dispersal almost worldwide before the break-up of the supercontinent later in the Mesozoic. The find suggests that the palaeoclimate was warm and humid at this time. This giant fossil orb-weaver provides evidence of predation on medium to large insects, well known from the Daohugou beds, and would have played an important role in the evolution of these insects.     

东北地区中生代化石木异木属及其古生态

迄今为止,我国共了现异木属（Ｘｅｎｏｘｙｌｏｎ）化石木１０种（包括２新种）,它们是Ｘ．ｌａｔｉｐｏｒｏｓｕｍ,Ｘ．ｃｏｎｃｈｙｌｉａｎｕｍ,Ｘ．ｌｉａｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｅ,Ｘ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ,Ｘ．ｅｌｌｉｐｔｉｃｕｍ,Ｘ．ｈｏｐｅｉｅｎｓｅ,Ｘ．ｐｅｉｄｅｎｓｅ,Ｘ．ｙｉｘｉａｎｅｎｓｅ,Ｘ．ｆｕｘｉｎｅｎｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｘ．ｈｕｏｌｉｎｈｅｎｅｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。文中对该属的古生态作了     

Biogeography of Mesozoic leptosporangiate ferns related to extant ferns

The paleobiogeography of the extant leptosporangiate fern families present in the Mesozoic is reviewed based mainly on data from megafossils that possess enough characters to be assigned to a family. Times of first appearances are discussed for each family, followed by their distribution throughout the Mesozoic. Paleolatitudes and climatic conditions indicate that first appearances of many fern families occur about or above 30° and in conditions of higher moisture. Much of fern distribution in the past was likely due to long-distance dispersal.     

中国中生代鞘翅目化石研究现状

1923年A.W.Grabau通过对山东省莱阳盆地莱阳组早白垩世昆虫化石的研究,命名了我国第1种鞘翅目化石昆虫(Proteroscarabaeus yeni).此后,中国昆虫化石分类学者先后发表了40余篇关于我国中生代鞘翅目化石昆虫的分类论著,共描述鉴定了182种,涉及35科,137属.这些化石分布于12个省,其中三叠纪11个种,侏罗纪68个种,白垩纪103个种.本文通过图表列举出我国已发现的中生代鞘翅目化石昆虫名录以及它们的分布和年代,总结了国内中生代甲虫化石当前的研究状况,并初步分析了研究中存在的一些问题.另外本文还介绍了国外学者对于中国古昆虫学者所建立的4个新科提出的不同意见.     

中生代鞘翅目扁甲总科化石的研究进展

扁甲总科隶属于鞘翅目多食亚目扁甲系,目前包含25个现生科和3个化石科,其中10个科仅分布于南半球,特别是澳大利亚、新西兰和南美。当前的分子系统发育学研究显示扁甲总科的起源时间为晚三叠世至早侏罗世,而冈瓦纳古陆与劳亚古陆的分离也发生在早侏罗世约1.8亿年前。因此对中生代扁甲总科化石的研究是解释扁甲总科如今分布格局的重要基础,也有助于研究扁甲总科的演化历史。本文简要回顾了现生扁甲总科的研究历史,并对其中生代的化石研究进行了概述,迄今在中生代地层发现有12科54种扁甲总科化石。     

A new fossil silky lacewing genus (Neuroptera, Psychopsidae) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China

A new genus and species, Undulopsychopsis alexigen. et sp. n., is described from the Early CretaceousYixian Formation of western Liaoning Province, China. This genus is probably most closely related to the Asian Cretaceous genus Kagapsychops Fujiyama, 1978. The family affinity of Undulopsychopsisgen. n. is discussed. The genus is preliminarily assigned to Psychopsidae, although it shares some character states with Osmylopsychopidae (e.g., crossveins are very scarce; Rs1 and 1A are multi-branched).     

中国中,新生代大植物化石新属索引：（1865—1990）

系统地检索1865-1990年的古植物文献,搜录了根据中国材料建立的中、新生代化石属113个,分属于蕨类植物门和种子植物门等.     

Mesozoic woods from India: Nomenclature review and palaeoclimatic implications

Nomenclature reappraisal, diversity pattern and palaeoclimatic implications of Jurassic, Triassic and Early Cretaceous pycnoxylic woods in India are undertaken in the present study. Among the fourteen generic names published previously, only eight are validly published and the rest are nomenclaturally illegitimate. About 51 species were reported under these genera to date. There is a gradual increase of species diversity of fossil wood from the Triassic to Early Cretaceous. The nature of the growth rings was applied to understand the palaeoclimate. The lack of distinct growth rings in the Triassic woods suggests absence of seasonality. The Jurassic woods with an inconsistency in growth rings and presence of growth interruptions suggest climate was seasonal and turbulent. During the Early Cretaceous, conifer dominated vegetation and with wider growth rings and gradual transition suggests warm environments with pronounced seasonality. The general increase in mean ring width from the Triassic to Early Cretaceous indicates ameliorating climatic conditions, particularly benign summer conditions.     

世界中生代竹节虫目昆虫化石研究

昆虫分类学发展早期将竹节虫归于直翅目,现多数学者认其为1个独立的目.有关竹节虫目的化石记录大都来源于中生代.本文详细回顾和综述了世界中生代竹节虫目昆虫化石研究简史,列出已发表的化石种类名录、分布及年代,描述了中生代不同地质时期竹节虫目化石的分类单元以及分布特点,初步分析了目前该类群研究中所存在的一些问题,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望.     

Fossil history of Mesozoic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)

Abstract The first synopsis of Mesozoic weevils (Curculionoidea: Coleoptera) is presented. Changes of family, genera and species abundance during the Mesozoic revealed three distributional patterns. The Jurassic (Karatau) fauna was dominated by the Nemonychidae. During the Early Cretaceous (beginning at the Jurassic/Cretaceous border), the Ithyceridae was the prevalent group with a significant role played by the Nemonychidae. In the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian and Turonian), the major groups were the Curculionidae and Brentidae. Obviously, the change of weevil fauna during this period was due to the expansion of the angiosperms, which provided multiple niches in their vegetative and reproductive organs for weevil development.