褶纹冠蚌()和三角帆蚌(■)人工杂交试验

1.要求通过杂交种能培育大型珍珠。目前较好的育珠河蚌是三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)和褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata),但它们的育珠性状还不理想。三角帆蚌所产珍珠,质量虽佳,但插核植片部位的壳间距离小,不能育成大珠;褶纹冠蚌体型大,插核植片部位的壳间距离也大,外套膜厚实,能插大核植大片育成大型     

畸形珍珠和污珠产生的原因分析

珍珠质量表现在“圆”、“光”、“大”、“彩”上,也就是说,珍珠形状要圆,颗粒要大,其全身呈闪烁珠光且具宜人的色彩。但是一般生产上会产生污珠、无光泽的珠以及大量不规则的畸形珍珠,造成大量废珠和质量低劣的珍珠。     

褶纹冠蚌光珠与骨珠珍珠囊差异的研究

运用多种组织化学方法和电镜技术研究了褶纹冠蚌光珠和骨珠珍珠囊表皮细胞的形态结构、分泌物性质和功能等方面的差异。结果表明：骨珠珍珠囊表皮细胞合成和分泌珍珠前体物质的能力较光珠的强,故骨珠的形成速度比光珠快;光珠和骨珠珍珠囊表皮细胞合成和分泌的蛋白质的差异决定了光珠和骨珠的形成;光珠和骨珠珍珠囊表皮细胞的形态结构特征差异可作为检验和预测人工培育珍珠质量的细胞学标准。     

背角无齿蚌珍珠囊形成过程的组织学和酶组织化学研究

本文采用Ｈ．Ｅ染色法和酶组织化学方法,对背角无齿蚌珍珠囊形成过程的组织学和酶组织化学的变化情况进行了研究,证实了“初生珍珠囊”的形成和溶解及“次生珍珠囊”的形成,并推没“次生珍珠囊”表皮细胞是由育珠蚌结缔组织转化而来的;观察了育珠手术后九种酶在珍珠囊形成的各个阶段和在珍珠囊和育珠蚌不同部位的变化情况,说明了珍珠囊珙成过程是与复杂的能量代谢,物质代谢及物质转运等有关的生理生化过程。     

盐度对企鹅珍珠贝足丝分泌的影响

企鹅珍珠贝（Pteria penguin）是生产附壳珍珠的大型海水经济贝类,其依靠强壮的足丝将自身固定在硬质基底上,抵抗水流的冲击和抵御被捕食等。足丝分泌和足丝的形状很容易受到环境的影响,本实验采用盐度30为低盐度组、盐度35为中盐度组和盐度40为高盐度组,研究这3种盐度对企鹅珍珠贝足丝分泌、足丝直径和足丝拉力的影响,通过单因素方差分析法（LSD法）分析这三个足丝相关指标在3种盐度组间是否存在显著性差异。结果显示,3种盐度下企鹅珍珠贝足丝附着率无显著差异,但在整个实验周期72 h内,中盐度组的足丝分泌总数为（48.7 ± 15.1）根,显著高于低盐度组的（24.7 ± 5.0）根和高盐度组的（13.3 ± 1.5）根。在实验的前6 h内,中盐度组的足丝首次附着率显著高于低盐度组和高盐度组（P < 0.05）,但在后续的12 h、18 h、30 h、42 h、54 h和66 h这6个时间点,3个盐度组的足丝首次附着率均无显著性差异。足丝直径未受盐度变化的影响,但盐度对足丝拉力具有显著影响,中盐度组的足丝拉力显著高于低盐度组和高盐度组（P < 0.05）。上述结果表明,企鹅珍珠贝为适应一定范围内盐度的改变,会在短时间内通过抑制足丝分泌来减少能量消耗,随着对环境的适应足丝分泌会恢复。盐度影响足丝分泌且对足丝拉力影响显著,但对足丝直径无明显影响。本研究可以为企鹅珍珠贝养殖及珍珠插核培育提供理论基础。     

河蚌育珠的饲养管理

我县地处江南水乡,河池密布,有利于发展河蚌育珠生产。遵照毛主席关于“以粮为纲,全面发展”的教导,我县不少生产队生产珍珠已成为一项主要副业收入,对支援国家建设,供应药用,壮大集体经济起了一定的作用。 河蚌育珠生产饲养管理是不可忽视的经常性工作,对提高珍珠产量、质量及减少手术蚌的死亡率,都     

熊果苷和丙戊酸影响企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)贝壳色泽

企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)是我国最具潜力培育大型海水珍珠的优质母贝,其贝壳色泽及珍珠层颜色与黑色素(melanin)的合成水平有关。为了筛选安全有效的企鹅珍珠贝黑色素抑制剂和增强剂,探讨其有效使用浓度和作用时间,分析其毒副作用,实验分别采用不同浓度的熊果苷(arbutin)和丙戊酸(valproic acid)浸泡1月龄稚贝不同时间,观察3月龄,5月龄和7月龄幼贝壳色,并统计熊果苷和丙戊酸的使用对幼贝变色率、存活率、壳长、壳高、壳宽的影响。结果显示,2 mmol/L熊果苷处理稚贝1h或5 mmol/L丙戊酸处理1h即可显著提高壳色变异的比率(p0.05),且幼贝变色率随熊果苷和丙戊酸的浓度和作用时间的增加而增加。对熊果苷和丙戊酸的毒性检测发现,熊果苷达到10 mmol/L处理8h时,仍不会影响幼贝的存活率、壳长、壳高、壳宽(p0.05);但丙戊酸在浓度为5 mmol/L处理4h时,幼贝的存活率即显著下降,壳长、壳高和壳宽亦显著低于对照(p0.05)。研究表明,熊果苷和丙戊酸对企鹅珍珠贝幼贝而言分别是有效的黑色素抑制剂和增强剂,熊果苷在10 mmol/L处理8h以下都未检测到毒副作用,丙戊酸在5 mmol/L处理4h时即存在一定毒性。     

珍珠颜色和贝壳珍珠层颜色研究进展

颜色及其色度均一性是衡量珍珠价值的重要指标之一。珍珠颜色及贝壳珍珠层颜色的研究涉及多个学科领域,研究表明,珍珠的颜色与制片蚌外套膜对应的珍珠层颜色相一致,而蚌的珍珠层颜色主要由遗传因素决定。现有的研究资料对珍珠层颜色形成的机理虽然还不能给出一个系统、合理的诠释,但金属元素、卟啉、类胡萝卜素和物理结构等因素可能和珍珠层颜色形成密切相关,珍珠层中含有少量以蛋白质为主的有机基质,这些蛋白调控珍珠层的结构和颜色的形成,可能是解释珍珠层颜色形成机理的关键。本文对珍珠颜色和贝壳珍珠层颜色研究进展进行系统综述,探讨珍珠颜色的影响因素及相互关联,旨在为进一步研究珍珠和贝壳珍珠层颜色提供借鉴与思路。     

三种不同因子对三角帆蚌外套膜细胞Ca~(2+)流动性的影响

<正>三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)是我国主要的育珠母蚌,其所培育出的珍珠色泽鲜艳、细腻光滑,因而成为目前淡水育珠生产中首选的育珠母蚌之一。蚌的外套膜是贝壳和珍珠形成的重要组织器官,有内外两层表皮细胞及其间的结缔组织构成。它对钙具有高度通透性,其上皮细胞具有通过细胞膜主动吸收Ca~(2+)和贮存Ca~(2+)的功能,并通过胞吐作用排出钙至外套膜外腔中,这些钙就是形成珍珠的基础。维     

育珠蚌的生物学特性及其繁殖技术

育珠蚌的繁殖比较特别,发生中的钩介幼虫一定要寄生在鱼的鳃和鳍条上,赖以生存而变态成稚蚌。由于大部分的钩介幼虫遇不到中间宿主而夭折,所以,靠天然增殖育珠蚌资源是十分有限的,不能满足育珠生产发展的需要。为了改变这一状况,适应育珠生产发展的需要,人们开展了人工繁殖育珠蚌的技术研究。现将其生物学特性及繁殖要点介绍于下:一、育珠蚌的生物学特性育珠蚌是软体动物,体外有两片对称的蚌壳包被,蚌壳呈墨色或黄褐色,由三层组成。最外层为角质层,中间为棱柱层,内层为珍珠层。上述     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.