罗非鱼无乳链球菌Sip基因的克隆、表达及免疫原性分析

表面免疫原性蛋白(Surface Immunogenic Protein,Sip)是B群链球菌(Group B Streptococcus,GBS)的一种表面蛋白,在GBS多种血清型的菌株中均有表达。研究从实验室分离到的罗非鱼无乳链球菌广东株的基因组DNA中扩增出Sip基因,构建原核表达载体pColdII-Sip,转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)菌株。经诱导表达、SDS-PAGE电泳检测显示重组蛋白主要以可溶形式表达。重组蛋白用亲和层析的方法纯化,蛋白纯度达98%。纯化后的重组蛋白免疫罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,GIFT strain)以分析其免疫原性。受免鱼免疫14d后进行人工攻毒试验,免疫组的相对保护率为70%—87%。酶联免疫吸附试验(Elisa)显示受免鱼对重组蛋白产生了较好的免疫应答,免疫剂量为3μg/g和5μg/g时受免鱼血清抗体滴度可达1:128000。研究结果显示重组蛋白Sip具有较强的免疫原性和保护作用,Sip基因可作为罗非鱼链球菌基因工程亚单位疫苗候选基因。     

2型猪链球菌srtBCD菌毛岛SSU2100基因的克隆表达与免疫学特性

【目的】研究2型猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis serotype 2,S.suis 2)野毒株05ZYH33的srtBCD菌毛岛菌毛亚蛋白SSU2100的免疫保护性作用。【方法】通过PCR扩增出SSU2100基因片段,将目的基因克隆到表达载体pET28a上,转化入E.coli BL21感受态中表达,亲和层析法纯化目的蛋白;Western blot检测SSU2100蛋白的免疫原性,重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA法检测多抗血清的效价及IgG亚型,研究重组蛋白的免疫保护作用。【结果】在原核系统成功表达出了SSU2100蛋白;ELISA结果显示重组蛋白能够刺激小鼠产生高效价的免疫抗体;动物实验表明该蛋白具有良好的免疫保护作用。【结论】菌毛亚蛋白SSU2100可以作为S.suis 2亚单位疫苗的候选分子,为系统地阐释srtBCD菌毛岛在S.suis 2致病机制中的作用奠定基础。     

B型肉毒毒素受体结合区C片段在大肠杆菌中的表达及免疫原性研究

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化B型肉毒毒素受体结合区C片段(BHc-C),研究其免疫原性。方法:将BHc-C基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达GST-BHc-C融合蛋白并通过亲和纯化;以纯化的融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备免疫血清,采用ELISA检测免疫血清的效价并测定其抗B型肉毒毒素中和活性。结果:在大肠杆菌中表达了GST-BHc-C融合蛋白;以该融合蛋白免疫小鼠获得高效价免疫血清,且该免疫血清具有中和活性。结论:获得了GST-BHc-C融合蛋白,并证实其具有免疫原性。     

大肠杆菌肠毒素ST1、LTB基因融合及其免疫原性研究

目的:构建大肠杆菌肠毒素ST1-LTB融合基因,并研究其表达产物的免疫原性。方法:采用PCR和基因突变技术,从大肠杆菌C83902质粒中扩增ST1突变基因和LTB基因,通过基因分离、纯化、内切酶酶切、连接和转化,构建含ST1-LTB融合基因表达载体的重组菌株,并用酶切和DNA序列分析鉴定重组质粒,同时用ST1-LTB融合蛋白粗提物免疫小鼠,观察免疫攻毒保护效果。结果:构建了含ST1-LTB融合基因表达载体的重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pXSL1),ST1-LTB融合基因的序列和阅读框架均正确,其表达的ST1-LTB融合蛋白能够被ST1单抗和LTB抗体识别,且该融合蛋白已丧失天然ST1肠毒素的活性。ST1-LTB融合蛋白能够诱发小鼠产生抗体,该抗体具有中和天然ST1肠毒素的毒性作用。结论:构建的重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pXSL1)可以高效表达ST1-LTB融合蛋白,其表达产物ST1-LTB融合蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,为更有效地预防仔猪黄痢提供了一种新型基因工程菌苗候选菌株。     

肺炎链球菌糖代谢蛋白CcpA对荚膜多糖的调控作用

摘要:【目的】研究肺炎链球菌糖代谢蛋白CcpA对肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖(CPS)的调控作用。【方法】利用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)工程菌原核表达CcpA蛋白,使用Ni2+亲和层析的方法纯化蛋白。利用纯化后的CcpA蛋白免疫昆明小鼠并制备多克隆抗体;采用ELISA法测定抗CcpA抗体效价。随后,利用Westertn blot方法分析CcpA蛋白在肺炎链球菌中的保守性。另外,利用EMSA方法分析CcpA与cps基因座启动子区域片段的结合。最后,构建ccpA基因缺失株和ccpA基因回复株;利用ELISA法测定野生D39菌 株、ccpA基因缺失株和ccpA基因回复株的荚膜多糖含量。【结果】Western blot结果显示CcpA蛋白在多种血清型的肺炎链球菌均有表达,CcpA蛋白可与cps基因座启动子区域结合,且呈剂量依赖性;ccpA基因缺失时,细菌CPS含量升高,回复表达CcpA蛋白后,CPS含量显著降低。【结论】CcpA是肺炎链球菌中一种保守表达的蛋白,可通过调节cps基因座启动子负性调控肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖的表达。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌Sigma K在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

【目的】在大肠杆菌中表达纯化苏云金芽胞杆菌HD73的转录调控因子Sigma K(σK)。【方法】PCR扩增出苏云金芽胞杆菌HD73中sig K基因的ORF(Open reading frame)装载到带有His标签的表达载体p ET21b上,转入到表达菌株BL21(DE3)中获得重组菌株BL21(p ETsig K),通过SDS-PAGE、镍柱亲和纯化、阴离子交换纯化和凝胶迁移实验(EMSA)等方法对Sigma K蛋白进行提取、纯化和生物活性分析。【结果】正确表达出大小约为27 k D的His-Sigma K蛋白,并获得了纯化的蛋白。EMSA结果表明纯化的His-Sigma K蛋白可以与受其控制的cry1Ac基因启动子结合。【结论】表达和纯化了His-Sigma K蛋白,His-Sigma K具有与受其控制的启动子结合的功能。     

肺炎链球菌自溶素LytA小片段免疫活性的研究

通过对肺炎链球菌(ATCC49619)自溶素lytA全序列基因的克隆和表达,获得部分小片段蛋白,初步研究其免疫活性。根据GenBank中肺炎链球菌M66菌株lytA基因序列(FN549899.1)设计合成特异性引物,采用PCR技术从肺炎链球菌(ATCC49619)基因组中扩增lytA全序列片段,构建克隆载体PGM-T/lytA,测序后与M66菌株比对显示,肺炎链球菌ATCC49619株碱基序列内存在新酶切位点BamHⅠ。以BamHⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切后,目的基因出现2个小片度,以约500 bp小片段构建重组表达载体pET32a(+)/lytA',经IPTG诱导后等电点洗脱法获取纯化的目的蛋白LytA'。将LytA'免疫小鼠,测定抗体效价,同时进行Western blot鉴定。测序显示肺炎链球菌ATCC49619菌株与M66菌株的lytA全基因序列同源性为98%,具有高度保守性,碱基不同主要位于下游部分,在444~450 bp之间新出现BamHⅠ酶切位点。构建的小片段重组表达质粒pET32a(+)/lytA'在BL21(DE3)中高效表达,获得纯化蛋白LytA',免疫BALB/c小鼠产生的抗体效价为132,经Western blot证实该蛋白具有较好的抗体结合活性,为进一步应用于疫苗及药物等相关研究奠定基础。     

淋球菌porB和大肠杆菌ltB融合基因的构建、表达及其免疫活性

【目的】构建融合基因原核表达载体pET-30a/ltB-porB,并表达重组融合蛋白LTB-PorB,鼻饲途径免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,分析重组融合蛋白的免疫活性,为研制抗淋病蛋白疫苗提供实验依据。【方法】构建大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)与淋球菌外膜孔蛋白B(PorB)融合基因及LTB、PorB单基因pET-30a原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌BL21中表达重组蛋白;鼻饲途径免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,检测体液免疫和细胞免疫水平。【结果】在大肠杆菌BL21中获得高效表达的重组蛋白;经鼻饲免疫小鼠后,重组融合蛋白LTB-PorB组生殖道黏膜产生的PorB特异性sIgA水平随免疫时间呈上升趋势,第42天A450值达0.66,明显高于对照组(P0.01),效价高达1∶1280;血清中产生的PorB特异性IgG第28天达最高,A450值为0.60,明显高于LTB和蛋白溶解液(Solution Buffer)对照组(P0.01),效价高达1:2560,但与PorB对照组血清IgG水平(A450:0.57)无明显差异(P0.05)。LTB-PorB组脾淋巴细胞刺激指数明显高于LTB和SolutionBuffer对照组(P0.05),但脾淋巴细胞诱生的IFN-γ水平与对照组无明显差异(P0.05)。【结论】重组融合蛋白LTB-PorB通过鼻饲途径免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠后,能诱导产生高水平的体液免疫和一定水平的细胞免疫。首次证实黏膜佐剂LTB可辅佐PorB诱导小鼠产生高水平的生殖道粘膜免疫。     

牛分枝杆菌Mb0950c的免疫特性及其血清学检测方法的建立

【目的】利用原核表达系统对牛分枝杆菌Mb0950c蛋白进行表达和纯化,通过小鼠模型评价其免疫原性,建立血清学间接ELISA方法用于牛结核病的临床检测。【方法】构建pET32a-Mb0950c原核表达质粒,并转化至BL21(DE3)中诱导蛋白的表达,对蛋白进行纯化。使用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)、ELISA等对该蛋白在小鼠中的免疫原性进行分析。建立基于Mb0950c的间接ELISA方法,评价该方法的临床检测潜力。【结果】SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果显示,成功获得了可溶性Mb0950c蛋白,且具有良好免疫反应性;FCM结果显示,Mb0950c蛋白上调了T细胞表面CD69分子的表达。细胞因子和抗体结果表明,该蛋白能够诱导特异性的IFN-γ和IL-4的分泌,同时能诱导机体分泌特异性的抗体,且以IgG1型为主。建立了ELISA检测方法应用于牛结核临床检测,结果显示,该方法与牛结核外周血IFN-γ外释放试验和皮试试验结果的阳性符合率、阴性符合率和总符合率分别为65.7%、97.9%和72.4%。【结论】在原核表达系统中可溶性表达Mb0950c蛋白,...     

禽白血病A亚群病毒gp85的单因子血清制备及其特异性鉴定

【目的】为了研究出一种能够针对A亚群禽白血病的快速特异性诊断试剂。【方法】将A亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-A)SDAU09E1株接种于DF1细胞上,以感染细胞DNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增出1023bp的ALV-A-gp85基因。将其正确阅读框架插入表达载体PET-32a(+)中,实现在BL21(Rosetta)宿主菌中表达。将纯化的融合蛋白常规免疫小鼠,制备得抗血清。【结果】实验成功获得52.8kDa的重组融合蛋白,且具有良好的免疫原性。间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)表明该血清可与ALV-A和ALV-B反应,但不与ALV-J反应。【结论】该实验首次在国内外研制出能用于鉴别性检测经典的A/B亚群ALV的单因子血清,可与ALV-J特异性单抗互补作用于外源性ALV感染的鉴别性诊断。我国鸡群同时受经典的ALV-A/B和新出现的ALV-J困扰,鉴别诊断非常必要,研究这种试剂具有较高的实用价值。     

Incorporation of yeast tRNA into mouse L 1210 lympholeukemic cells

[32P]tRNA from baker's yeast is incorporated without degradation into lympholeukotic cells of L1210 mice. The tRNA incorporation determined after tRNA hydrolysis on cell surface by RNAase increases linearly with a rise in the initial concentration from 0.5 to 500 micrograms per ml. According to gel electrophoresis of intracellular nucleic acids, after a 3 hour incubation the [32P]tRNA incorporated into the cells by 50% to form tRNA fragments without any conspicuous reutilization. The kinetic curve of tRNA incorporation during the first 60 min demonstrates a severalfold decrease in the initial maximal incorporation of [32P]tRNA into the cells (2 min), with a subsequent restoration of the incorporation within 2-3 hours.     

Utilization of an Escherichia coli mutant for carbon-13 enrichment of tRNA for NMR studies.

The enrichment of tRNA at specific sites with carbon-13 has been accomplished in vivo using a mutant of Escherichia coli. A relaxed strain of E. coli auxotrophic for methionine was grown in a specifically defined medium supplemented with either [14C] or [13C]-methyl labeled methionine. Cells were collected at the end of the log-phase of growth and tRNA was extracted. Analysis of the radioactivity of the [14C]-labeled tRNA established an incorporation ratio of three labeled carbons per tRNA molecule. Incorporation of the [14C]-label in vivo was confined to the methylation of nucleotides as determined by thin layer chromatography of nucleotides resulting from a ribonuclease digestion of [14C]-labeled tRNA. The carbon-13 NMR spectrum of [13C]-enriched tRNA indicated a similar degree of incorporation into the methylated nucleotides by the substantial enhancement of [13C]-methyl NMR signals only. Assignment of signals has been made for the methyl groups of ribothymidine and N7-methylguanosine in E. coli tRNA.     

Effects of estradiol on uterine ribonucleic acid metabolism. Assessment of transfer ribonucleic acid methylation.

Immature rats treated with estradiol for selected periods of time demonstrated both increased methylation of uterine transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) and methylase activities. Whereas the former parameter was assessed by incubating whole uteri with [methyl-14C]methionine and measuring the incorporation of isotope into the tRNA, methylase activity was obtained by measuring the rate of incorporation of methyl groups from S-adenosyl[methyl-14C]methionine into heterologous tRNA (Escherichia coli B) in the presence of uterine cytosol preparations (100,000g supernatants). Although increased methylation of tRNA during the estrogen response was demonstrated, additional studies indicated that these results were largely attributable to an increased rate of synthesis of tRNA rather than gross changes in either the type or amount of methylated constituents present. Evidence in this regard included the inability of estrogen treatment of alter significantly the (a) resulting patterns of methyl-14C-methylated constituents of uterine tRNA, (b) the extent ot which [2-14C]guanine residues, incorporated into tRNA, become methylated, (c) the extent of methylation of precursor tRNA in the absence of tRNA synthesis, and (d) the types of methylase activities expressed in vitro.     

Status of tRNA charging, trinucleotide acceptor sequence and tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity in the human placenta.

Samples of tRNA isolated from the cell sap of full-term human placenta were found to have a low capacity for accepting amino acids in the presence of partially purified synthetase preparations made from placental or rat liver cell sap. Gel electrophoresis of placental tRNA showed that part of this could be accounted for by gross degradation. The proportion of chargeable tRNA carrying amino acids was estimated by periodate oxidation followed by stripping and then charging with labeled amino acids. Only 50% of chargeable placental tRNA was in the charged state when isolated, whereas 87% of freshly isolated rat liver tRNA was found to be charged with amino acids. A fraction from placental cell sap was shown to have tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity. When placental tRNA was incubated with this fraction and [3H]ATP or [3H]CTP, ATP was incorporated into about 12% of the tRNA molecules and CTP into 5-7%. When rat liver tRNA was used in place of placental tRNA, [3H]ATP was incorporated into less than 5% of the tRNA molecules. By using snake-venom diesterase over short periods of incubation, it was confirmed that the ATP had been incorporated terminally as AMP into the placental tRNA. These observations show that, in contrast to rat liver tRNA, tRNA prepared from human placenta is poorly charged with amino acids, many of the molecules lack the acceptor trinucleotide and there is extensive degradation beyond this stage.     

The primary structure of cytoplasmic initiator transfer ribonucleic acid from Torulopsis utilis

Cytoplasmic initiator transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAinit) was purified from bulk Torulopsis (Candida) utilis tRNA by a series of column chromatography procedures. Sequence analysis of the products of complete and partial digestion of this tRNA with ribonuclease A [EC 3.1.4.22] and ribonuclease T1 [EC 3.1.4.8] enabled us to determine the complete primary structure of the molecule. The chain length of this tRNA was 76, including 11 modified nucleotides. The structure of the tRNA was arranged into a cloverleaf model and compared with those of other initiator tRNA species. As in the cytoplasmic initiator tRNA's of most other eukaryotic cells, the sequence -A-U-C-G- is contained in this tRNA in place of the usual -T-psi-C-G (or A)- found in other tRNA's.     

Possible regulation by nucleosidediphosphate kinase involvement of the synthesis of tRNA 3'-terminal -pCpCpA in mammalian cells

When the cytosol of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was fractionated by chromatofocusing in the pH range of 9 to 6, two active peaks (I and II) of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase were obtained. Fraction I was a multiple complex with a high molecular weight (M.W. greater than 300K) and fraction II comprised components derived from fraction I. Fraction II was separated into tRNA nucleotidyltransferase (M.W., ca. 46,000) and nucleosidediphosphate kinase (M.W., ca. 74,000) by subsequent Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. The two enzymes appeared to be associated loosely with each other. Using the above fraction II or a mixture of the purified tRNA nucleotidyltransferase and nucleosidediphosphate kinase, it was possible to effectively synthesize the 3'-terminal -pCpCpA of tRNA in a reaction mixture containing [3H]-CDP plus XTP or [3H]ADP plus XTP as substrate. Among the XTPs investigated, dTTP was most effective. In addition, it was found that [3H]AMP + XTP also serves as a substrate. [14C]CMP plus XTP, however, was not utilized. From the antagonism of cold CDP against [3H]CTP, and that of cold ADP and AMP against [3H]ATP with the purified tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, the affinity of CDP to the enzyme was estimated to be 1/100 of that of CTP, while the affinities of ADP and AMP to the enzyme were 3 and 30 times higher, respectively, than that of ATP, suggesting that the subsite which binds ATP also binds ADP or AMP. The tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, which had bound ADP or AMP, could not completely synthesize the 3'-terminus of tRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Overproduction of selenocysteine tRNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells following transfection of the mouse tRNA[Ser]Sec gene.

Selenocysteine insertion during selenoprotein biosynthesis begins with the aminoacylation of selenocysteine tRNA[ser]sec with serine, the conversion of the serine moiety to selenocysteine, and the recognition of specific UGA codons within the mRNA. Selenocysteine tRNA[ser]sec exists as two major forms, differing by methylation of the ribose portion of the nucleotide at the wobble position of the anticodon. The levels and relative distribution of these two forms of the tRNA are influenced by selenium in mammalian cells and tissues. We have generated Chinese hamster ovary cells that exhibit increased levels of tRNA[ser]sec following transfection of the mouse tRNA[ser]sec gene. The levels of selenocysteine tRNA[ser]sec in transfectants increased proportionally to the number of stably integrated copies of the tRNA[ser]sec gene. Although we were able to generate transfectants overproducing tRNA[ser]sec by as much as tenfold, the additional tRNA was principally retained in the unmethylated form. Selenium supplementation could not significantly affect the relative distributions of the two major selenocysteine tRNA[ser]sec isoacceptors. In addition, increased levels of tRNA[ser]sec did not result in measurable alterations in the levels of selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidase.     

In vitro synthesis of glutathione peroxidase from selenite. Translational incorporation of selenocysteine

The synthesis of glutathione peroxidase from [75Se]selenite was studied in slices and cell-free extracts from rat liver. The incorporation of [75Se]selenocysteine at the active site was detected by carboxymethylation and hydrolysis of partially purified glutathione peroxidase (glutathione:hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) in the presence of [3H]selenocysteine and subsequent amino acid analysis. The synthesis of glutathione peroxidase in slices was inhibited by cycloheximide or puromycin and 75Se was incorporated from [75Se]selenite into free selenocysteine and selenocysteyl tRNA. Increasing concentrations of selenocystine caused a progressive dilution of the 75Se and a corresponding decrease in glutathione peroxidase labeling. In cell-free systems, [75Se]selenocysteyl tRNA was the best substrate for glutathione peroxidase synthesis. These results indicate the existence in rat liver of the de novo synthesis of free selenocysteine and a translational pathway of selenocysteine incorporation into glutathione peroxidase.     

Salvage of the nucleic acid base queuine from queuine-containing TRNA by animal cells

The incorporation of queuine into tRNA and its fate upon tRNA turnover has been studied in the Vero and L-M cell lines. An assay was developed using [³H]dihydroqueuine to detect the queuine acceptance and, thus, the queuine content of tRNA in intact cells. While L-M cells can use only queuine, Vero cells can use either queuine or its nucleoside, queuosine, to form queunine-containing tRNA. Since queuosine is not a substrate for the enzyme which incorporates queuine into tRNA, Vero cells must generate queuine from its nucleoside. When Vero cells are labelled with [³H]dihydroqueuine, the half life of acid insoluble radioactivity is 52 days in queuine-free medium and 3.1 days in queuine-containing medium, indicating that [³H]dihydroqueuine is salvaged from tRNA and reused by Vero cells, but that exogenous queuine can compete with the salvaged [³H]dihydroqueuine. When L-M cells are labelled with [³H]dihydroqueuine, the half life of the acid insoluble radioactivity is 1.2 days in the presence or absence of queuine, indicating the absence of queuine salvage in L-M cells.     

Some evidence of the enzymatic conversion of bovine suppressor phosphoseryl-tRNA to selenocysteyl-tRNA

In order to clarify the mechanisms of selenocysteine incorporation into glutathione peroxidase, some evidence to show the in vitro conversion of phosphoseryl-tRNA to selenocysteyl-tRNA is reported. [³H]Phosphoseryl-tRNA was incubated in a reaction mixture composed of SeO₂, glutathione and NADPH in the presence of selenium-transferase partially purified. Analyses of amino acids on the product tRNA showed that a part (4%) of [³H]phosphoseryl-tRNA was changed to [³H]selenocysteyl-tRNA. The conversion from seryl-tRNA^su or major seryl-tRNA_IGA was not found. Selenium-transferase was essential for the conversion. [³H]Selenocysteine, liberated from the tRNA, was modified with iodoacetic acid. The product was confirmed to be carboxymethyl-selenocysteine by two-dimensional TLC. Selenocysteyl-tRNA^su should be used to synthesize glutathione peroxidase by co-translational mechanisms.