非常规介质中细胞生化反应研究进展

对完整细胞在非常规介质中的生物催化反应进行了回顾,分别总结了产物为醇,甾体,有机酸,生物大分子及其它各类反应的研究进展。并从溶剂和细胞两种角度对主要的研究方法进行了阐述。     

非常规介质中细胞生化反应研究进展

对完整细胞在非常规介质中的生物催化反应进行了回顾 ,分别总结了产物为醇 ,甾体 ,有机酸 ,生物大分子及其它各类反应的研究进展。并从溶剂和细胞两种角度对主要的研究方法进行了阐述。     

生化反应中的非线性动力学研究进展

本文介绍了生化反应系统中的非线性行为及非线性理论在生化反应过程研究中的应用,在理论和为生化反应的研究提供了范例。     

生化反应中的非线性动力学研究进展

本文介绍了生化反应系统中的非线性行为及非线性理论在生化反应过程研究中的应用,在理论和方法上为生化反应的研究提供了范例。     

有机介质中的固定化酶反应

近年来非水介质中的酶催化反应正获得越来越多的研究和应用。使用有机介质替代传统的水溶液作为酶反应的介质,通常是为了增加疏水性底物或产物的溶解度,或者是为了促使水解反应逆向进行,以便利用水解酶催化合成一些非常有用的化合物。有机介质包括合少量有机助溶剂的均相水溶液系统、水／有机溶剂双相系统,以及含微量水的有机溶剂均相系统等几种类型[1],具体使用时要根据生物催化剂的性质、反应物的溶解性和反应器的型式等特点细加选择。尽管在有机溶剂中可直接使用酶粉作催化剂[k],但是效果并不太好。一方面天然酶在有机溶剂中容易变…     

反应介质对脂肪酶稳定性的影响

脂肪酶Ｌｉｐｏｚｙｍｅ＾ＩＭ在有机溶剂中的热稳定性显著提高,在水溶液中,热处理温度高于５０℃后,其催化甘油三酯水解的活力迅速下降,温度升到６０℃时,水解活力仅残存１３．６％,温度高于７０℃该酶完全失活,而在有机溶剂正庚烷中,温度高达８５℃仍表现出较高的活性,反应介质的疏水性越强,酶抗超声辐射变性作用的能力越强,经同样的超声辐射处理后,正已烷中Ｌｉｐｏｚｙｍｅ＾ＩＭ的酯水解活力仅损失１１．８％,而在     

一类生化反应系统的定性分析

研究如下一类具米氏（Michalis）反应速度的化学反应模型dX/dt=A-BX-XY~2,dY/dt BX XY~2-υY/k Y'其中A,B,v及k为正常数,应用微分方程定性理论,在一定条件下研究了上述系统极限环的存在性,不存在性及唯一性问题．     

植物对水分亏缺的某些生化反应

就植物对水分亏缺的某些生化反应的研究进展,尤其是积累溶质的功能、与耐水分胁迫有关的因素、盐生植物和甜土植物对水分胁迫反应的生化差异,以及植物耐水分胁迫基因工程的研究策略和动态进行了综述。     

生化反应中一类三次系统的极限环

研究生化反应中一类三次系统：dx/dt=-x-Ф1（x）＋yФ2（x）,dy/dt=a0＋Ф1（x）-yФ2（x）其中Ф1（x）=Ax^3＋ax^2＋bx＋B,Ф2（x）=cx^2＋dx＋e．较完整地解决了该系统极限环的存在性,唯一性与不存在性等问题．     

一类生化反应模型的定性分析

本文讨论了Babloyantz-Hiernaux生化反应模型及其特殊情况下的Glerer-Meinhardt数学模型,得到了前者的平衡位置的局部稳定位和后者的极限环的存在性即振荡反应的存在性以及其平衡位置的大范围稳定性.     

萃取耦合发酵工艺生产丁醇研究

萃取耦合发酵可有效减弱产物抑制和提高底物利用效率,本文就萃取耦合发酵生产丁醇工艺中的萃取剂的选择、萃取剂加入量、底物浓度等发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明:最佳萃取剂为大豆油生物柴油,油水比为3∶5,发酵过程无需搅拌,静置发酵为宜,在发酵之初加入萃取剂。分别以玉米和木薯为发酵底物,确定其最适底物浓度为100 g/L,以玉米为原料萃取耦合发酵中丁醇和总溶剂产量分别为18.17 g/L和29.31 g/L。以木薯为原料萃取耦合发酵生产丁醇及总溶剂产量比传统发酵分别提高了48.69%和51.80%。     

Medium-Engineering For Bio-Organic Synthesis

An account is given on the state of the art of medium-engineering for bio-organic synthesis. Medium-engineering means designing (micro)environments for the biocatalyst with the objective of reaching maximal activity, stability and hence productivity. Medium-engineering therefore involves aspects such as stabilizing the essential water layer around the biocatalyst, controlling electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between matrix, reactants and biocatalyst, as well as optimizing substrate and product fluxes through the entire biocatalytic system. Where possible, some general rules have been derived, which might be of help in designing media for bio-organic synthesis.     

Biocatalysis in organic media

The potentials of using organic reaction media in biotechnological conversions have already been demonstrated in several experimental studies. Examples of possible advantages are: possibility of higher substrate and/or product concentrations, favorable shift of reaction equilibria, reduced substrate and/or product inhibition, and facilitated product recovery. Especially water/organic solvent two-phase systems seem to possess several of these advantages. The solvent type will highly affect kinetics and stability of the (immobilized) biocatalyst, solubility and partitioning of reactants/products, and product recovery. Therefore the solvent choice can have a large influence on the economics of the two-liquid-phase biocatalytic process. Immobilization of the biocatalyst may be useful to provide protection against denaturating solvent effects. The polarity of the employed support material will also be decisive for the partitioning of substrates and products among the various phases.

A classification of biphasic systems, which is based on the possible types of theoretical concentration profiles and aqueous phase configurations, is discussed. Reversed micelles and aqueous two-liquid-phase systems can be considered as special cases. The design of two-liquid-phase bioreactors is dependent on the state of the biocatalyst, free or immobilized, and on the necessity for emulsification of one of the two liquid phases in the other. Many mass-transfer resistances, e.g. across the liquid/liquid interface, in the aqueous phase, across the liquid/solid interface, and in the biocatalyst phase, can limit the overall reaction rate. The epoxidation of alkenes in water/solvent two-phase systems is discussed to give an example of the scope of biotechnological processes that is obtained by using organic media. Finally, a design calculation of a packed-bed organic-liquid-phasel immobilized-biocatalyst reactor for the epoxidation of propene is given to illustrate some of the above aspects.     

生物柴油耦联丙酮丁醇发酵的初步研究

以4种生物柴油(原料为地沟油、菜籽油、棕榈油和废肯德基油)作为萃取剂,开展了丙酮丁醇静态萃取发酵。通过分析发酵过程中的产气量及发酵40 h后油水两相中的溶剂浓度,发现生物柴油对丙丁梭菌有毒性。另外,静置条件下丁醇在不同油水两相中的液液平衡系数大致相同。在发酵24 h时加入棕榈生物柴油(油水体积比为0.4∶1),丁醇发酵强度达到最大值0.213 g.(L.h)-1、比对照(传统发酵)提高10.9%,且生物柴油中的丁醇质量浓度达到6.44 g.L-1。     

添加表面活性剂改善丁醇萃取发酵性能

研究了各种表面活性剂对丁醇萃取发酵的影响。丁醇发酵中有大量H2、CO2气体生成,生成的气泡携带发酵溶剂产物（丁醇、丙酮）进入萃取液相,促进了水相中发酵毒性产物向萃取液相的移动。研究发现,表面活性剂可以降低气-液膜的表面张力,促使大气泡破碎,从而使发酵产气以较小气泡的形式穿过萃取液相。添加表面活性剂可以强化发酵溶剂产物从水相到萃取相的移除速度,缩短发酵产物在油水两相中达到平衡的时间。有利于提高发酵生产强度。以地沟生物柴油为萃取剂,吐温-80的添加量为质量分数0．140％时,与对照相比（无表面活性剂的萃取发酵）,相同发酵时间内萃取相中丁醇体积分数提高了21．2％．总溶剂生产强唐也提高了16．5％．     

Acylation of Amino Acids by Aminoacylase in Non-Conventional Media

N-Acylation of amino acids by aminoacylase (EC 3.5.1.14) isolated from pig kidney was investigated. In water containing organic solutions native aminoacylase proved to be unsuitable for acylation reactions. Covalent immobilization enhanced the stability of aminoacylase in organic solvents (dimethylformamide and dioxane).

The support gel beads showed extraordinary swelling behaviour in dimethylformamide solutions of different water content with respect to their liquid uptake and the temperature sensitivity of swelling.

N-Acylation activity of immobilized enzyme proved to be sufficient in case of L-methionine as substrate and acetate as acylating agent. In addition, the peptide (Ala-Ala) formation was unambiguous but the reaction was much slower than acylation under the given conditions.