海南山蛭对土壤湿度和气温的适应

在室内以土壤湿度梯度作为海南山蛭Haemadipsa hainana的栖息试验表明,海南山蛭栖息于含水量的15.1％－16.77％水分的土壤表面;野外调查表明,海南岛橡胶林内海南山蛭栖息于16.54％－17.66％含水量的土壤表面;热带雨林者栖息于19.92%-25.73%含水量的土壤,室内实验表明,海南山蛭爬向30－35℃温度范围,占试验蛭数79.15％,在8－9℃不活动,10℃能山蛭活动,随温度升高活动蛭数增加,而15℃试验蛭答部活动,活动蛭数与温度关系为Y－18.6Z-172.3,R-0.976,P=0.01。在橡胶林内8－9℃山蛭不活动;10℃开始有山蛭活动,且随温度升高活动蛭数增加,当17℃时所有山蛭活动,活动蛭数与温度关系Y＝4.73X-3.97,R=0.93,P=0.1。首次使用土壤湿度梯度测定山蛭对土壤湿度的要求,这是一个新的有普遍意义的方法,并讨论了海南山蛭对土壤湿度气温的适应。     

海南山蛭种群数量动态与气象因素关系研究

在海南岛橡胶林内,每月观测海南山蛭Ｈａｅｍａｄｉｐｓａ ｈａｉｎａｎａ种群数量Ｂａ,用逐步回归分析方法研究了１０个气象因子对海南山６种数量的影响,结果表明,１）每年海南山蛭种群数量不同,６ａ间影响海南山蛭种群数量的主要气候因素是Ｘ１（月雨量）、Ｘ３（月雨日）和Ｘ５（月有露日数）;２）海南岛５～１０月份为雨季,海南山蛭这种群数量明显增大,影响山蛭种群数量的主要气候因素是Ｘ５和Ｘ１６（月最大风速和）和     

几种常用农药对拉萨麦蚜的毒力测定

<正> 麦蚜是危害我区麦类作物的重要害虫,具有直接造成产量损失和传播病毒病双重危害。主要种类有:白无网长管蚜Metolophium albidum Hille Ris hambers、麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(F.)和禾缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi(L.)。为监测其抗药性发生发展和科学用药提供依据,1986～1987年作者测定了几种常用农药对这些麦蚜的毒力。     

七个气象因子对海南山蛭种群数量动态影响八年观测研究

在海南岛五指山腹地橡胶林中系统观测海南山蛭种群数量变动8年．对海南山蛭种群数量Y与气候因素X_(1-n)的关系建立逐步最优回归方程Y=b_0 b_1X_1 b_2X_2 …… b_nX_n计算分析采用国际标准化最新版本SAS(6.11)软件进行分析．逐步回归分析表明：1）每年海南山蛭种群数量变动不同,影响其数量变动主要因素是X_1,X_2和X_3.2）雨季（5～10月）种群数量明显大,其主要影响因素是X_1,X_2和X_5,旱季（11月～次年4月）种群数量小,其主要影响因素是X_1.3）8年19条回归方程,7个气象因素中影响种群数量变动的主要气象因素是X_1,X_2和X_5,X_7,与山蛭生物学特性一致,本研究结果为山蛭防治提供科依据．     

混配杀虫剂对烟蚜的毒力测定

选用氰戊菊酯乳油为底药,与其它3种药剂分别按有效成份进行不同比例的混配,测定其对烟蚜的毒力差异.实验结果表明:氰戊菊酯乳油与辛硫磷乳油按3:2进行混配时,其共毒系数最大,为825.96;其次是按1:1进行混配时,其共毒系数为462.45;最小的为2:3进行混配时,其共毒系数为244.62.氰戊菊酯乳油与灭多威乳油按1:1进行混配时,其共毒系数最大,为367.09;其次是按3:2进行混配时,其共毒系数为297.08;最小的为2:3进行混配时,其共毒系数为157.32.氰戊菊酯乳油与吡虫啉按2:3进行混配时,其共毒系数最大,为1558.28;其次是3:2进行混配时,其共毒系数为603.01;最小的为1:1进行混配时,其共毒系数为326.13.各个配比的共毒系数均大于100,均表现出增效作用.     

甜菜夜蛾群体繁殖及其对杀虫剂毒力敏感性测定

用黄豆粉、麦胚粉、酵母粉为主要营养成份研制成人工饲料,实现了甜菜夜蛾大量饲养及群体繁殖,与自然饲料相比,人工饲料饲养甜菜夜蛾幼虫存活与成虫产卵量明显增加,室内用浸渍法测定11种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力,结果表明,田间甜菜夜蛾种群对除尽,米满,菜喜最敏感,其次是对抑太保,卡死克,毒丝本,高效灭百可,快灵,对锐劲特,氯氰菊酯,乙酰甲胺磷的毒力均已高度不敏感。     

几种杀虫剂对小地老虎的毒力测定

本研究了９种杀虫剂对小地老虎Ａｇｒｏｔｉｓ ｙｐｓｉｌｏｎ（Ｒｏｔｔｅｎｂｅｒｇ）３龄幼虫的触杀毒力。结果得出,触杀毒力从大到小的顺序：功夫菊酯、溴氰菊酯、农哈哈、卡死克、拉维因、米满、辛硫磷、锐劲特、敌百虫。其中功夫菊酯、溴氰菊酯和农哈哈的触杀毒力最强,比敌百虫高出１００００倍以上,在生产上可推荐使用。本试验还发现３龄幼虫的体重对毒力也有一定的影响。     

强力安对食用菌生产中杂菌的毒力测定

试验利用滤纸片、管碟抑菌圈法测定了强力安杀菌剂对木霉TrichodermaviridePers.exFr、链孢霉MoniliasitophilaMont等食用菌生产上的杂菌的毒力,结果表明强力安具有明显的抑菌、杀菌作用。试验还测定了强力安对食用菌的作用,结果表明强力安对平菇Pleurotusostreatus(JacexFr)Quel、金针菇Flammulinavelutipes（Fr）Sing具抑制力,而对黑木耳Auriculariaauricula(l.exHook)Underw、香菇Lentinulaedodes(Berk)Pegler则未发现抑制作用。根据强力安对供试菌的最低抑制浓度,作者提出了生产实际上的用药浓度,以供参考。     

防治甘草萤叶甲生物源农药筛选及其对生物多样性的影响

为了筛选出防治甘草萤叶甲Diorhbda tarsalis Weise的生物药剂,采用多种生物源药剂,通过室内、田间试验,进行综合分析。室内毒力测定结果表明,甘草萤叶甲对0.5%黎芦碱SL的敏感性最高,LD50为0.139mg/L,0.3%印楝素EC、L2、1%苦参碱SL、L1依次递减,LD50分别为0.457,1.352,2.014和2.251mg/L,均高于其他药剂。田间防效结果表明,黎芦碱药后21d对甘草萤叶甲的防效最高,为100%,苦参碱、印楝素次之,均为86.67%,L2、L1的分别为66.67%和40%;对非靶标害虫小绿叶蝉也有较好的控制作用,药后21d防效L1较低,为56.67%,其他防效均高于68.89%;对田间天敌多异瓢虫和中华草蛉的安全性,除黎芦碱外,印楝素、苦参碱、L2、L1均较好,药后21d校正虫口减退率最高为57.14%;另外,苦参碱药后各期生物多样性指数平均最高,为2.93,印楝素次之,为2.88,藜芦碱、L1、L2依次递减,分别为2.45,2.43和2.07。因此,印楝素、苦参碱是防治甘草萤叶甲的理想药剂。     

柳杉毛虫防治试验研究

用白僵菌、苏云金杆菌、2 4 .5 %全力、2 0 %氰戊菊酯等 4种杀虫剂的不同浓度对柳杉毛虫 (Dendrolimushoui L ajonquiere)进行室内毒力测定和林间防治试验 ,结果表明 ,野外防治柳杉毛虫以氰戊菊酯 6 0 0 0倍液 +苏云金杆菌 1.4× 10 9n/ ml+全力 80 0 0倍液 +白僵菌 1.2× 10 8n/ ml林间喷雾效果最佳 ,杀虫效果达 90 %以上。应用该复合剂大面积防治 2 0 hm2 ,效果达 80 %以上。     

山蛭基因组DNA的提取及其PCR扩增产物的分析

利用PCR技术从海南山蛭体内分离山蛭素（抗凝血蛋白）基因,首先需获得不带有山蛭体表色素且完整的山蛭基因组DNA,本试验通过结合使用SDS-蛋白酶裂解法和CTAB法,有效的去除了山蛭基因组DNA提取过程中难以去除的色素,得到的基因组DNA保持完整,无降解,以之作为模板,进行PCR扩增,获得一个长度约为237bp的特异性片段,此片段与印度山蛭蛭素的cDNA大小几乎一致。初步表明,这个序列没有内含子,而仅是海南山蛭蛭素的编码序列。     

对虾的不同发育阶段对有机磷农药的敏感性及其机理初探

对硫磷、甲基异柳磷和久效磷对中国对虾无节幼虫、蚤状幼虫、糠虾幼虫、仔虾的２４ｈＬＣ５０分别为６．０、４．０、３．８、１８×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;８．０、３．５、３．５、３０×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;２４、２４、２４、０．９ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;敌敌畏均为４８×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;对硫磷对南美白对虾为８．６、８．２、８．０、２．０×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１．研究结果表明,对虾的幼虫前期对硫代磷酸酯类农药的抗性强,仔虾及以后各期抗性弱,而各幼虫期对磷酸酯类农药的敏感性基本相同．     

海南紫斑环蝶形态特征及生物学特性观察

【目的】明确海南紫斑环蝶Thaumantis hainana各龄期的形态特征和生物学特性以及寄主植物。【方法】野外采集海南紫斑环蝶雌成虫,通过三角袋内套卵的方式获得受精卵。采用恒温饲养箱,在26℃、相对湿度40%、光周期16L∶8D下利用获得的卵供以美丽针葵Phoenix loureirii,饲养幼虫,并进行形态特征的观察,记录其各龄幼虫的体长与头壳宽,以及其他各龄期的部分形态学数据。【结果】海南紫斑环蝶共经历卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫4个龄期。卵圆球状,光滑,直径2.5~2.8 mm;幼虫5龄, 随着幼虫龄期的增长,体长与头壳宽度逐渐增加;悬蛹;成虫雌雄同型。【结论】本研究基本明确了海南紫斑环蝶各龄期的形态特征,并观察了部分生物学特性,确定了海南紫斑环蝶的一种寄主植物为美丽针葵,完善了该物种的基本资料。     

Toxicity and efficacy of selected pesticides and new acaricides to stored product mites (Acari: Acaridida)

Stored product mites can often infest stored products, but currently there is little information regarding the efficacy of pesticides that can be used for control. In this study we evaluated several common pesticides formulated from single active ingredients (a.i.) or commercially available mixtures (chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, and a combination of deltamethrin and S-bioallethrin), plus an acaricide composed of permethrin, pyriproxyfen and benzyl benzolate, for efficacy against Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Aleuroglyphus ovatus. The pesticides were incorporated into the mite diets in a dose range of 10–1000 μg a.i. g⁻¹ diet. Concentrations for suppression of 50 and 90% population growth and eradication (rC₀) of mites were fit to linear regression models. None of the tested pesticides gave complete eradication of A. siro, which was the most tolerant of the three mite species tested. The most effective pesticide Allergoff 175 CS was a combination product (a nano-capsule suspension of permethrin, pyriproxyfen and benzyl benzolate) labeled for dust mites, with rC₀ range of 463–2453 μg a.i. (permethrin) g⁻¹ diet depending on the species. Least effective were chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin.     

The complete amino acid sequences of four globins from the land leech Haemadipsa zeylanica var. japonica

The amino acid sequences of four globins from the land leech, Haemadipsa zeylanica var. japonica, were determined using nucleotide sequencing and protein sequencing. The mature globin-molecules were composed of 146 amino acid residues for M-1 globin, 156 for M-2 globin, 143 for D-1 globin, and 149 for D-2 globin. Alignment of the four kinds of globins by Clustal X revealed 22 invariant amino acids. The four globins were 26–33% identical. A striking feature of amino acid alteration was: the replacement of the E7 distal-His of D-1 globin by phenylalanine because histidine is conserved among the rest of the globins of H. zeylanica, those of other representative species (Lumbricus and Tylorrhynchus) of Annelida and most other hemoglobins. A phylogenetic tree constructed of 18 globin structures including two species of leeches, H. zeylanica (a land leech) and Macrobdella decora (a freshwater leech), T. heterochaetus (a representative species of polychaetes), L. terrestris (a representative species of oligochaetes), and human α and β globins strongly indicated that the leech globins first separated from globin lineage of annelids.     

In vitro toxicity evaluation of low doses of pesticides in individual and mixed condition on human keratinocyte cell line

The induced toxicity of three pesticides (alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane: α-HCH; Parathion methyl:PM; Carbofuran: CN) in single and four possible combination on human keratinocyte cell line have been investigated. There was no significant change in toxicity (cyto and genotoxicity) on cell line exposed by individual pesticides except α-HCH. But, a synergistic effect was observed when we tested mixture of pesticides. The intracellular ROS and cytotoxicity assay revealed maximum reduction in cell viability (60%) was found in tri mixture of pesticides. All the possible combination of these pesticides demonstrated genotoxic activity in terms of olive tail moment and % tail DNA on cell line at low concentration. The order of toxicity was ranked as α-HCH+PM+CN>α-HCH+CN>PM+CN>α-HCH+PM. Our results call for more research to be undertaken in order to understand the mechanisms behind the synergy observed and quantify the extent of its environmental impacts.