ldhL-ldb0094基因敲除对保加利亚乳杆菌产L-乳酸的影响

以保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CICC21101为出发菌株,利用PCR扩增L-乳酸脱氢酶(ldhL)基因上下游序列ldhL1、ldhL2,获得ldhL基因缺失且包含上下游序列的片段,连接到乳酸菌专用温敏性基因敲除质粒pGhost4,将构建好的敲除载体电转入保加利亚乳杆菌CICC21101,低温筛选。结果表明,成功获得敲除ldhL基因的敲除突变株,敲除后的工程菌D-乳酸产量由30. 5g/L降为4. 8g/L,L-乳酸的产量由25. 4g/L增至58. 3g/L,光学纯度由54. 56%增至90%。同时发现ldhL-ldb0094基因的敲除致使ldhL-ldb1020表达的上调,D-乳酸脱氢酶(ldbD)基因表达量没有变化,ldhL基因敲除株的成功构建将为进一步研究该基因在保加利亚乳杆菌中的功能及后续高光学活性D-乳酸工程菌构建奠定基础。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌D-(+)-乳酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用PCR的方法从鼠李糖乳杆菌基因组DNA中扩增到D-(+)-乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldhD),并连接到载体pSE380上,构建表达质粒pSE-ldhD,将重组质粒pSE-ldhD转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),重组菌株经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明ldhD在大肠杆菌中实现了表达,表达产物的分子量约为37kD。同时采用紫外分光光度法测定D-乳酸脱氢酶的酶活,测得重组菌株的D-乳酸脱氢酶活力为5.4U/mL,最适反应温度为35℃,最适pH为5.6。     

干酪乳杆菌L-乳酸脱氢酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质

L-乳酸脱氢酶(L-lactate dehydrogenase,L-LDH)是发酵生产L-乳酸中催化丙酮酸转化成L-乳酸的关键酶。以干酪乳杆菌G-02(Lactobacillus casei G-02)基因组DNA为模板,克隆得到L-LDH基因(ldhL),经序列分析后将其连接到表达载体pET-28a(+)上,构建成重组质粒pET-ldhL转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,实现ldhL基因的表达。30°C加入IPTG诱导表达后,经镍柱亲和层析纯化的重组蛋白样品通过SDS-PAGE分析,约在40 kD处出现显著的特异性条带。对表达的L-LDH生物学特异性研究显示:重组L-LDH的比酶活为1 722 U/mg,最适反应温度为40°C-45°C;果糖-1,6-二磷酸(FBP)为别构激活剂,使最适pH向中性方向偏移(pH为6.6-6.8),Mn2+可拓宽最适酶活pH范围;Mn2+、Ca2+和Mg2+对L-LDH有激活作用,而Zn2+对L-LDH有抑制作用。     

D-乳酸脱氢酶基因克隆及其表达

构建了一株产D ,L 乳酸的乳杆菌 (Lactobacillussp .)MD 1的基因文库。利用乳酸脱氢酶和丙酮酸裂解酶缺陷的EscherichiacoliFMJ1 4 4作为宿主 ,在厌氧条件下通过互补筛选获得乳酸脱氢酶基因 (ldh) ,非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (Native PAGE)检测证明其阳性克隆表现出D 乳酸脱氢酶 (D LDH)活性。核酸序列分析表明 ,ldhD的ORF编码 331个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质有两个保守区域 ,其中V1 47～D1 76 区是NADH的结合位点 ,R77～E1 0 7区据报道是酶的活性部位。该菌株D LDH和D羟基异己酸脱氢酶 (D HicDH)属于NADH依赖性脱氢酶家族 ,ldhD和其他乳杆菌属的ldhD及D HicDH基因和编码的氨基酸序列相似性较低 ,核酸序列相似性最高达 4 9 33% ,氨基酸序列相同性最高为 4 2 % ,是一个新的D 乳酸脱氢酶基因     

D-乳酸生产菌菊糖芽孢乳杆菌来源的D-乳酸脱氢酶同工酶

【目的】菊糖芽孢乳杆菌(Sporolactobacillus inulinus)作为典型的同型发酵产D-乳酸的优势菌株,能够高效生产高纯度的D-乳酸。该菌株发酵受到多方面环境因素影响。糖代谢的关键酶例如葡萄糖激酶、磷酸果糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶以及乳酸脱氢酶均为由葡萄糖代谢成为乳酸的关键酶,该菌中相关代谢酶的研究是发酵调控至关重要的基础。分析S.inulinus的基因组表明有3个推测为D-乳酸脱氢酶的基因,其中已有报道研究了1个双功能蛋白[bifunctional protein(BP)]。本研究分别克隆并解析了另2个D-乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的性质。【方法】本研究以S.inulinus Y2-8基因组DNA为模板,克隆得到2个D-ldh基因(dldh、dhdh),经测序分别为D-乳酸脱氢酶[D-lactic acid dehydrogenase(DLDH)]和D-羟基酸脱氢酶[D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase(DHDH)]的基因。构建的重组菌表达蛋白DLDH,DHDH均具有催化丙酮酸生成D-乳酸的功能。【结果】重组菌表达的蛋白经镍柱亲和层析达到电泳纯。SDS-PAGE分析表明DLDH的表观分子量为37 k Da,DHDH的表观分子量为39 k Da。此外,DLDH以丙酮酸为底物时Km值为(0.58±0.04)mmol/L,对底物有较高的亲和力,最适反应温度为35°C,最适p H为6.5;而DHDH以丙酮酸为底物时Km值为(1.70±0.08)mmol/L最适反应温度为30°C,最适p H为7.5。另有报道的BP以丙酮酸为底物时Km值为(3.40±0.02)mmol/L,最适反应温度为30°C,最适p H为5.5。【结论】根据对底物丙酮酸的亲和力,最适温度及最适p H,推测DLDH是乳酸发酵中产D-乳酸的主导催化剂。结合相关酶学性质的分析可为今后的发酵调控提供理论依据。     

L-乳酸脱氢酶在大肠杆菌BL-21(DE3)中的表达

为了在大肠杆菌中构建利用葡萄糖生产L-乳酸的途径,以鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)LA - 04 -01基因组为模板,设计引物扩增L-乳酸脱氢酶基因L-ldh.将该基因连接到表达栽体pET-28a(+)上,并转化大肠杆菌Top10.通过卡那霉素抗性平板筛选,提取重组质粒pET28a-L-ldh并测序,结果正确.将pET28a-L-ldh转化大肠杆菌BL-21( DE3),通过卡那霉素抗性平板筛选,得到产乳酸的大肠杆菌基因工程菌.经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳,检测到目的蛋白条带,L-乳酸脱氢酶比酶活力达到9.44 U/mL.该基因工程菌通过摇瓶发酵,L-乳酸产量达到3 g/L,成功构建出一条在大肠杆菌中生产L-乳酸的新途径.     

芽孢杆菌P38中乳酸脱氢酶对其产L-乳酸光学纯度的影响

【目的】研究芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) P38中乳酸脱氢酶对其产高光学纯L-乳酸(光学纯度>99%)的影响。【方法】全基因组测序显示在该菌中存在3个乳酸代谢关键酶,分别为L-乳酸脱氢酶(L-LDH)、D-乳酸脱氢酶(D-LDH)和苹果酸或L-乳酸脱氢酶(M/L-LDH)。通过将这3个酶进行异源表达、纯化与酶学特性分析,结合Native-PAGE、实时荧光定量PCR等方法,初步确定该菌高产光学纯L-乳酸的机理。【结果】Bacillus sp. P38中L-LDH对丙酮酸的催化活性(Kcat/Km值)最高,分别是D-LDH的2.9倍和M/L-LDH的4.3倍。其中M/L-LDH主要起L-LDH的功能。Native-PAGE实验中未检测到D-LDH活性。Bacillus sp. P38所有发酵阶段ldhL的转录水平均高于ldhD和ldhM/L。【结论】L-LDH是Bacillus sp. P38产高光学纯L-乳酸的主要关键酶。     

醋酸杆菌α—乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因的克隆表达

根据已知α－乙酰酸脱酸酶（α－ALDC）的基因序称,用PCR法从醋酸杆菌（Acetobacter racens)中克隆到的1kb的DNA片段,经DNA测序证明是ALDC基因,将该基因重组到质粒pBV220中,转化大肠杆菌,实现了高表达,获得了目的蛋白表达量约40％的转化子,为下步研究其酶活性奠定了基础。     

基因组改组提高干酪乳杆菌耐酸性生产L-乳酸

首先采用紫外线与亚硝基胍两种传统微生物诱变方法对干酪乳杆菌进行诱变,经低pH平板、碳酸钙平板和摇瓶试验获得了5株耐酸性提高的突变菌株.以获得的突变菌株为出发菌株,应用灭活双亲原生质体融合后致死损伤得到互补获得活性融合子的方法,对其进行基因组改组,经过低pH平板、碳酸钙平板和摇瓶筛选,获得4株可以在pH3.8平板上旺盛生长且产酸量较高的改组菌株.将改组菌株与原始菌株分别于pH 3.8和3.4的YE液体培养基中培养,改组菌株能够在原始菌株无法生存的pH条件(pH 3.4)下生长.在pH 3.8的条件下,对改组菌株与原始菌株的发酵特征进行比较,37℃发酵48小时后,改组菌株产酸量为原始菌株的2.4倍,表明基因组改组技术能有效提高多基因调控表型的进化.     

乳酸片球菌L-乳酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及在重组大肠杆菌JH12中的过量表达

以工程菌Escherichia coli SZ85基因组为模板,克隆得到乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)的L-乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldhL),连接到pUcm-T载体后,双酶切然后将其连接到表达载体pET-28a上,重组质粒经筛选后转入染色体上含有ldhL基因(来源P.acidilactici)的工程菌Escherichia coli JH12。P.acidilactici的ldhL基因过量表达体系E.coli JH12(pET-28a-ldhL)能利用浓度7%的木糖为碳源进行厌氧发酵,过量表达ldhL使L-乳酸产量提高了10 g/L,达64.86 g/L,糖酸转化率高达96%。     

异源表达德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种TCS1调控酸适应基因提高乳酸乳球菌NZ9000耐酸性

[目的] 在乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中异源表达德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种中由双组分系统TCS1（JN675228/JN675229）调控的与酸适应相关基因,进而探究德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种应对酸胁迫的机制。[方法] 通过逆转录聚合酶链式反应和十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳验证由德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种TCS1调控的与酸适应相关基因中腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（aprt）、D-丙氨酸-D-丙氨酸连接酶（ddl）、寡肽ABC转运蛋白（oppDII）和延伸因子Ts（tsf）在乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中的表达情况。酸处理实验验证基因表达对宿主菌酸胁迫耐受能力的影响。并采用酵母双杂交验证双组分系统TCS1与表达的酸适应相关基因之间的互作关系及具体的互作部位。[结果] 结果表明,乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中成功表达了aprt、ddl、oppDII和tsf。aprt、ddl基因使重组菌对酸胁迫的抗性分别提高了75倍和114倍。oppDII和tsf基因的表达对重组菌株的耐酸能力没有明显影响。酵母双杂交实验表明TCS1中的组氨酸蛋白激酶HPK1与Ddl之间存在相互作用,且HPK1-C结构域是二者相互作用的关键区域。[结论] aprt和ddl过表达菌株酸刺激的适应能力显著高于对照菌株,该研究结果可为德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种及类似菌株耐酸性特性的获得策略提供参考。     

A new mobile genetic element inLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus

A new IS element (ISL3) was discovered inLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus during the characterization of the linkage relationships between the two genes important for milk fermentation,-galactosidase (lacZ) and the cell-wall associated protease (prtP). ISL3 is a 1494 by element, flanked by 38 by imperfect inverted repeats, and generates an 8 by target duplication upon insertion. It contains one open reading frame, encoding a potential polypeptide of 434 amino acids, which shows significant homology (34% identity) to the transposase of theLeuconostoc mesenteroides element IS1165. Molecular analysis of spontaneouslacZ mutants revealed some strains that had sustained deletions of 7 to 30 kb in size, centered on and eliminating the copy of ISL3 next tolacZ. Other deletion endpoints were identified as located immediately adjacent to ISL3. Furthermore, genetic translocations that had occurred via transposition of ISL3 were observed fortuitously in cultures screened for deletion mutants. ISL3 can be found in one to several copies in various strains ofL. delbrueckii. However, it was not present in other dairy lactic acid bacteria tested.     

马乳酒样乳杆菌马乳酒样亚种及其研究进展

马乳酒样乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens)是一类革兰氏阳性乳杆菌,其来源广泛,功能多样,安全性好.2020年12月国家卫健委批准马乳酒样乳杆菌马乳酒样亚种作为我国新食品原料.本文主要综述国内外马乳酒样乳杆菌和马乳酒样乳杆菌马乳酒样亚种的菌种形态学和基因组特性、益生功能、主要价值和发展前...     

Enzymatic properties of lipase and characteristics production byLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus

Some properties of an extracellular lipase produced byLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus were studied. Maximum enzyme activity was found against olive and butter oil as enzyme substrates. Addition of 9% acacia gum, 0.1% Na-deoxycholate and 0.01 M CaCl₂ to the enzyme reaction mixture increased-lipase activity from 5.3 to 14.5 (FFA/mg protein/minute) at pH 6.0 and at 40° C. Maximum lipase production was reached in the presence of glucose as a sole source of carbon, wheat bran as nitrogen source, olive oil as a sole lipid source and butyric acid as fatty acid supporting the growth medium. An initial pH value of the culture medium of 6.0 and a temperature of 35° C gave the highest lipolytic activity.     

Metabolism associated with raised metabolic flux to sugar nucleotide precursors of exopolysaccharides in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) metabolism was studied in a galactose-negative strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, using two different approaches. Firstly, using both the parent strain and a chemically induced mutant with higher yield and specific productivity of EPS than the parent, comparative information was obtained relating to enzyme activities and metabolite levels associated with EPS formation when grown on lactose. Under continuous culture conditions (D=0.10 h⁻¹), the higher metabolic flux towards EPS formation in the mutant strain relative to the parent appeared to be mediated by raised levels of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP). Marginally raised UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (UGE) activity in the mutant strain suggested that this enzyme could also play a role in EPS overproduction. The second approach involved investigating the effect of growth rate on sugar nucleotide metabolism in the parent, as it is known that EPS production is growth-associated in this strain. UGE activity in the parent strain appeared to increase when the growth rate was elevated from 0.05 to 0.10 h⁻¹, and further to 0.35 h⁻¹, conditions that can be associated with higher levels of metabolic flux to EPS formation. Concurrent with these increments, intracellular ATP levels in the cell were raised. In both investigations glucose-6-phosphate accumulated pointing to a constriction at this branch-point, and a limitation in the flow of carbon towards fructose-6-phosphate or glucose-1-phosphate. The changes in metabolism associated with enhanced flux to EPS provide guidance as to how the yield of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus EPS can be improved.     

毛果杨HDA901基因的克隆和表达分析

该实验克隆了毛果杨组蛋白去乙酰化酶基因HDA901的编码序列,并进行生物信息学、亚细胞定位和盐胁迫表达分析。序列分析表明,HDA901开放阅读框为1 245bp,编码1个由414个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,等电点为5.77;毛果杨HDA901与其他植物同源蛋白具有一段保守序列,在进化上与拟南芥AtHDA14亲缘关系较近。启动子分析表明,毛果杨HDA901基因启动子序列包含ACE、ABRE、HSE和TC-rich repeats等多个与逆境相关的顺式作用元件。亚细胞定位分析表明,毛果杨HDA901蛋白在细胞核和细胞质中无分布,可能位于线粒体或穿梭于线粒体和叶绿体之间。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,毛果杨HDA901基因表达受盐胁迫调节,在盐胁迫下,根和茎中HDA901基因表达受抑制;叶中HDA901基因表达受诱导。研究表明,毛果杨HDA901基因参与盐胁迫应答反应。