共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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细菌素发酵条件的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
自从乳酸乳球菌产生的细菌素--Nisin批准作为食品防腐剂以来,细菌素的研究已成为微生物学研究中的一个活跃领域,研究内容主要涉及产细菌素菌株的筛选和鉴定,细菌素的分离纯化、理化性质、作用机制、发酵条件和应用以及工程菌株的构建等。人们已从不同生态环境中筛选到产细菌素的菌株,如新鲜牛奶、发酵奶制品、豆芽、泡菜、香肠和动物肠道等.细菌素的产量除了与菌株自身性质有关外,发酵条件对细菌素的产量有很大影响,如培养基成分、有机溶剂、培养温度、培养时间、培养方式、起始pH、接种量和接种种龄等,其中以培养基成分、有机溶剂的添加和培养温度影响较大。 相似文献
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环境中"活的非可培养(VBNC)"细菌的研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
1982年徐怀恕等通过对V.cholerae和E.coli存活规律的研究,首次发现并提出了细菌“活的非可培养”状态(Viable but non—culturable state,VBNC),即细菌处于不良环境条件下,其细胞通常缩成球形(最近许多研究中发现还有些细菌表现为体积增大,细胞伸长),用常规方法培养不能使其生长繁殖,但仍然具有代谢活性,在DNA合成抑制剂的作用下,添加一定量的营养物培养时,这些细胞虽然不能分裂,但仍可以伸长生长,证明其仍然存活,并非死亡。处于VBNC状态的细菌,在一定的条件下可以复苏,并具有潜在的致病性,如V.cholerae即通过这种形式实现越冬。至今已有多种细菌进入VBNC状态的报道,许多G^-菌及某些不形成芽胞的G^ 菌在不良环境条件下都可能进入该状态。这些细菌通过进入VBNC状态,得以渡过难关并存活下来,成为细菌的一种特殊存活形式。现在,细菌VBNC状态已作为微生物学的一个全新概念,受到极大的关注,它对传统的微生态学、食品安全、水质监测、菌种保藏及流行病学研究等均提出了新的挑战,也为人们应用基因工程菌的危险性评估提供了新的认识,本文对环境中VBNC细菌的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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测定了吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum)在干旱、正常浇水和渍水三种供水条件下叶片的磷脂组成、膜脂和总磷脂的脂肪酸组成,以及磷脂中4种主要组分PG、PE、PC和PI的脂肪酸组成,观察到干旱使磷脂中PE的相对含量增加,PE脂肪酸中16:0明显减少,而膜脂,总磷脂和PC、PI中饱和脂肪酸增加,但PG脂肪酸组成变化很小。 相似文献
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细菌聚羟基脂肪酸酯检测方法研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
细菌聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHAs)是存在于许多细菌细胞内的聚合物,是一种新型的生物材料,在生态研究中可作为营养指标。回顾有关PHAs的研究方法的同时介绍用FT-IR技术从细胞水平快速定性和定量分析细菌PHAs。 相似文献
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PMA-qPCR法检测冷冻基质中非可培养状态(VBNC)副溶血性弧菌 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【背景】副溶血性弧菌为冰鲜产品及肉制品中常见的污染微生物,致病性强,危害严重,出入境运输及加工的肉食品常采取冷冻冷藏的处理手段来防止微生物污染及生长,以保持食物新鲜。而残留的部分副溶血性弧菌会进入活的非可培养状态(Viable but non-culturable state,VBNC),从而构成潜在的风险隐患。【目的】建立可用于冷冻食品中VBNC副溶血性弧菌的快速检测方法,并探讨其适用性。【方法】将大西洋鲑鱼1:10匀浆,加入终浓度为6.6×10~5 CFU/mL的副溶血性弧菌,-20°C分别诱导10、20、30和50 d。建立实时荧光PCR技术(qPCR)方法,测定其特异性、灵敏度及稳定性。利用PMA-qPCR法对不同冷冻时期样品中的副溶血性弧菌进行检测,同时与qPCR、平板培养法进行比较。【结果】建立的qPCR方法特异性好,与其他阴性参考株无交叉反应;灵敏度高,检测限为19.8 CFU/mL;重复性好,C_q值的变异系数(CV)均在1.5%以下;标准曲线为y=-3.272x+45.310,线性回归系数R~2为0.996,定量范围为1×10~2–1×10~9 CFU/mL。在低温诱导10-50 d后,qPCR法的C_q值在26.32-27.34之间,与诱导前相比几乎没有变化;叠氮溴化丙锭(PMA)-qPCR法的C_q值则从诱导前的26.43逐步上升到38.84,呈现明显的上升趋势,表明死菌的数量在显著上升。经过比较及统计,PMA-qPCR检测的活菌数均高于平板培养法测出的数量,差异显著(P0.05)。【结论】PMA-qPCR特异性及灵敏度高,能有效抑制对死菌的扩增,同时能克服传统平板培养法对VBNC的漏检缺陷,可方便、快捷地用于冷冻食品中受损致病微生物,尤其是进入VBNC状态的细菌检测。 相似文献
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Pérez-Guzmán L Pérez-Matos AE Rosado W Tosteson TR Govind NS 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2008,10(5):492-496
The marine toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis lenticularis has been implicated as the major vector in ciguatera seafood poisoning on the southwest coast of Puerto Rico. Studies have demonstrated that associated bacteria play a role in the ciguatoxin production and that different clonal cultures of O. lenticularis harbor different culturable bacteria. In this study, more than 125 associated bacteria from two toxic clonal cultures of O. lenticularis (no. 302 and no. 303) were analyzed utilizing polymerase chain reaction amplification of the partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (rRNA), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. Approximately 50% of total bacteria identified in both cultures were a single species belonging to the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides complex. This bacterium was also found in six new O. lenticularis clonal cultures established 10 years after the original cultures used in this study and absent from a clonal culture of a different dinoflagellate species. The data presented here indicate a persistent and apparently specific association of this bacterium with O. lenticularis, which makes it a candidate involved in ciguatoxin production. 相似文献
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Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria: Gene expression in planktonic and biofilm cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Trevors JT 《Journal of microbiological methods》2011,86(2):266-273
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基于EMA-qPCR的茄科青枯菌活体检测技术的建立 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】利用特异性核酸染料叠氮溴乙锭(Ethidium monoazide bromide, EMA)与实时荧光定量PCR技术相结合, 建立一种能有效区分青枯菌死活细胞的检测方法。【方法】样品DNA制备前经EMA渗透预处理, 再进行实时荧光定量PCR特异扩增菌体DNA。【结果】终浓度为2.0 mg/L的EMA能有效排除1.0×107 CFU/mL灭活青枯菌细胞DNA的扩增, 对活细胞和不可培养状态(Viable but non-culturable, VBNC)活菌的DNA扩增均没有影响。当每个定量PCR反应体系中的活细胞在5.0×100?5.0×104 CFU范围内时, 扩增Ct值与定量PCR反应体系中活细胞CFU对数值呈良好的负相关性(R2=0.992 5)。比较EMA-qPCR法和平板计数法对经过不同温度短期保存的青枯菌检测结果发现, 待检样品可在24 °C与4 °C冷藏条件下短期保存。【结论】本研究建立的EMA-qPCR方法能有效检测青枯菌VBNC细胞和有效区分死活菌, 避免或减少青枯菌PCR检测的假阳性和假阴性。 相似文献
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Abnormality of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membrane Sphingomyelin from Patients with Adrenoleukodystrophy 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Shoji Tsuji Minoru Suzuki Toshio Ariga Michiko Sekine Masaru Kuriyama Tadashi Miyatake 《Journal of neurochemistry》1981,36(3):1046-1049
Abstract: We have devised an analytical method for the determination of fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin by chemical ionization mass spectrometry combined with capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin from 8 patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and 16 healthy controls were examined by this method. The ratio of hexacosanoic acid (C26.0 ) to docosanoic acid (C22:0 ) in erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin from ALD patients was 2.6-fold higher than that of the controls. This result suggests that biochemical diagnosis of ALD is possible by the analysis of fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin. Furthermore, it demonstrates that biochemical abnormality in ALD is the generalized abnormal metabolism of very long-chain saturated fatty acids. 相似文献
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Changes in Unsaturated Levels of Fatty Acids in Thylakoid PSII Membrane Lipids During Chilling-induced Resistance in Rice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Su-Qin Zhu Chun-Mei Yu Xin-Yan Liu Ben-Hua Ji De-Mao Jiao 《植物学报(英文版)》2007,49(4):463-471
Temperature is one of the abiotic factors limiting growth and productivity of plants. In the present work, the effect of low non‐freezing temperature, as an inducer of “chilling resistance”, was studied in three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), japonica cv. 9516 (j‐9516), the two parental lines of superhigh‐yield hybrid rice between subspecies, Peiai/E32 (ji‐PE), and the traditional indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63 (i‐SY63). Leaves of chill‐treated rice showed chilling‐induced resistance, as an increase of their low‐temperature tolerance was measured using chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, revealing a change in photosystem II (PSII) efficiency. After 5 d of exposure to 11°C under low light (100 μmol m‐2 s‐1), levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids decreased during the initial 1‐2 d, then increased slowly and reached 99.2%, 95.3% and 90.1% of the initial value (0 d) in j‐9516, ji‐PE and i‐SY63, respectively, on the fifth day. However, under medium light (600 μmol m‐2 s‐1), all cultivars experienced similar substantial photoinhibition, which approached steady state levels after a decline in levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids to about 57.1%, 53.8% and 44.5% of the initial values (0 d) in j‐9516, ji‐PE and I‐SY63 on the fifth day. Under either chilling‐induced resistance (the former) or low temperature photoinhibition (the latter) conditions, the changes of other physiological parameters such as D1 protein contents, electron transport activities of PSII (ETA), Fv/Fm, xanthophyl cycle activities expressed by DES (deepoxide state) were consistent with that of levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids. So there were negative correlations between saturated levels of fatty acids (16:1(3t), 16:0, 18:0), especially the 16:1(3t) fatty acid on thylakoid membrane and other physiological parameters, such as D1 protein contents, ETA and (A+Z)/(A+V+Z). A specific role of desaturation of fatty acids and the photoprotective pigments of the xanthophyl cycle, leading to an acclimation response in thylakoid membrane lipids may be involved. We conclude that chilling‐induced resistance is accelerated by the unsaturation of thylakoid membranes, and the ability of rice plants to cold‐harden can be enhanced by genetic engineering. 相似文献