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1.
Arrilton Araújo Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa 《International journal of primatology》2008,29(5):1355-1364
The social relationship dynamic among callitrichid females is well known. Breeding exclusivity by dominant females involves
female-female competition, usually resulting in the inhibition of subordinate reproduction. However, the strategies to maintain
the male breeding position are still unclear. Researchers have observed no overt aggression between males, and differences
in testosterone levels between dominant and subordinate individuals do not correlate with differences in reproductive success.
In Callithrix monogamy is the predominant mating system, and testicular size is compatible with the absence of sperm competition. We analyzed
testicular volume during development in 95 individuals at different ages (infant n = 12, juvenile n = 9, subadult n = 15, and adult n = 59). We also investigated if the ratio between testicular volume and body mass correlates with breeding position in the
social group. The ratio was significantly higher in breeding males and a positive correlation between body mass and testicular
volume is significant only for nonbreeding males. The findings suggest that testicular size varies with male reproductive
status in the social group and that the enlargement of testicular volume in breeding common marmoset males seems to be a result
of proximate causes and to depend on social and reproductive contexts acting together or separately. 相似文献
2.
Manouchehr Nakhjavani Afsaneh Morteza Leila Khajeali Alireza Esteghamati Omid Khalilzadeh Firouzeh Asgarani Tiago F. Outeiro 《Cell stress & chaperones》2010,15(6):959-964
The evolutionary conserved family of heat shock proteins (HSP) is responsible for protecting cells against different types
of stress, including oxidative stress. Although the levels of HSPs can be readily measured in blood serum, the levels of HSP70
in patients with different durations of diabetes have not been studied before. We quantified serum HSP70 levels in a healthy
control group (n = 36) and two groups of type 2 diabetic patients, defined as newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 36) and patients with diabetes duration of more than 5 years (n = 37). The clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters were evaluated in the studied population. We found that serum
HSP70 levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes when compared with controls (p < 0.001) and it was higher in patients with disease for more than 5 years than in newly diagnosed patients (p < 0.001). Serum HSP70 was inversely correlated with fasting blood sugar in patients with diabetes for more than 5 years (r = −0.500, p = 0.002), positively correlated with the history of hypertension in newly diagnosed patients (p < 0.001), and positively correlated with age in patients with diabetes (r = 0.531, p = 0.001). Serum level of HSP70 is significantly higher in patients with diabetes and correlates with the duration of disease.
Higher HSP70 in prolonged diabetes versus newly diagnosed diabetes may be an indicator of metabolic derangement in the course
of diabetes. 相似文献
3.
Based on new information on floral structures, seedling, fruit, seed, root, and leaflet characters, Phaseolus dasycarpus is re-described and illustrated. Its chromosome number was determined as 2n
= 22, with metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, and karyotype formula of 9m + 2sm. Previous phylogenetic analyses of
ITS and trnK sequence data, and those obtained in the present study, show P. dasycarpus to be aligned within section Pedicellati.
Resumen Con nueva información de estructuras florales, plántulas, frutos, semillas, raíz y folíolos, se redescribe e ilustra a Phaseolus dasycarpus. Se determina el número cromosómico 2n = 22, con cromosomas metacéntricos y submetacéntricos y fórmula cariotípica = 9m + 2sm. Análisis filogenéticos previos con secuencias de ITS y trnK y los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, establecen a P. dasycarpus en la sección Pedicellati.相似文献
4.
Xiaojie Li Guanpin Yang Yuanyuan Shi Yizhou Cong Shi Che Shancun Qu Zhiling Li 《Journal of applied phycology》2008,20(6):1097-1102
Eighteen microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic distances between the parental gametophyte clones of 14
Laminaria hybrids, which were then used to establish a linear relationship with the heterosis (hybrid vigor) of economic traits including
yield, mean blade try weight, mean blade fresh weight, blade length, blade width and mean blade thickness using regression
analysis. Significant regression was found between the genetic distance (x) and the heterosis (y) of yield (y = 115.10x − 77.97,
r = 0.8151, p = 0.00038), mean blade dry weight (y = 115.23x −77.97, r = 0.8154, p = 0.00038), mean blade fresh weight (y = 100.08x − 57.85, r = 0.7306, p = 0.0030) and blade length (y = 204.11x − 46.77, r = 0.6963, p = 0.00566). The prediction of the heterosis of Laminaria hybrids with the genetic distance between parental gametophyte clones will facilitate the selection of elite Laminaria hybrids by avoiding the time-consuming and labor-intensive trait evaluation of a large number of hybridization combinations. 相似文献
5.
Since fishery management regulations have shifted much of the groundfish trawl effort in the northeastern Pacific from the
continental shelf to the slope, fishery impacts on unassessed demersal slope rockfish species like the aurora rockfish (Sebastes aurora) may have increased. Understanding the life history of these species is a critical first step in developing management strategies
to protect them from overharvest. In this study we employ cross-dating methods to validate the annual periodicity of growth
increments and investigate the age, growth and maturity of aurora rockfish, a species for which life history information is
quite limited. Specimens were collected on an opportunistic basis from Oregon commercial landings and from research cruises,
over the years 2003–2006. Age was estimated for 438 individuals using otoliths processed via the break-and-burn method. The
maximum estimated age was 118 years for females (n = 324) and 81 years for males (n = 114). The von Bertalanffy growth function showed that males grow faster and reach a smaller maximum size than females (males:
L
inf = 34, K = 0.09, t
0 = −1.9; females: L
inf = 37, K = 0.06, t
0 = −5.5), though both sexes demonstrate relatively slow growth. Visual assessment of ovaries showed that the aurora rockfish
is a synchronous spawner with parturition occurring in May and June off Oregon. Female age and length at 50% maturity were
calculated at 12.6 years and 26 cm, respectively (n = 307). Maturity and age data provided evidence for a protracted adolescence in this species. 相似文献
6.
This study reports the effects of dietary iron (Fe) deficiency and recovery on bone mineral composition and strength in anemic
rats submitted to a hemoglobin (Hb) repletion assay. Weanling male Wistar rats were fed a low-Fe diet (12 mg/kg) for 15 days
followed by 2 weeks of Fe repletion with diets providing 35 mg Fe/kg as either ferrous sulfate (n = 8) or ferric pyrophosphate (FP; n = 12). At final day of each period (depletion and repletion), Fe-adequate animals were also euthanized. Iron status (blood
Hb, Hb Fe pool, Hb regeneration efficiency), tibia mineral concentrations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn) and biomechanical properties
were evaluated. Iron-deficient rats had lower tibia Fe and Mg levels and bone strength when compared to controls. Yield load
and resilience were positively related to tibia Mg levels (r = 0.47, P = 0.02 and r = 0.56, P = 0.004, respectively). Iron repletion did not recover tibia Mg concentrations impaired by Fe deficiency. Moreover, bone
elastic properties were negatively affected by FP consumption. In conclusion, bone mineral composition and strength were affected
by Fe deficiency, whereas dietary Fe source influenced tibia Mg and resistance in the period during which rats were recovering
from anemia. 相似文献
7.
Trine Glad Vibeke Fam Kristiansen Kaare M. Nielsen Lorenzo Brusetti André-Denis G. Wright Monica A. Sundset 《Microbial ecology》2010,60(2):320-330
Dominant colonic bacteria in wild hooded (n = 9), harbour (n = 1) and grey (n = 1) seals were identified using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries (313 clones), revealing 52.7% Bacteroidetes, 41.5% Firmicutes, 4.5% Proteobacteria and 1.0% Fusobacteria. Thirty (77%) of the 39 phylotypes identified were novel, showing <97% sequence similarity to their nearest cultivated relatives.
Mean colonic bacterial cell density, determined by real-time PCR, was high (12.8 log10 cells/g wet wt) for the hooded seals, while the number of methanogenic Archea was low (4.0 log10 cells/g wet wt). The level of ampicillin (ampr) and tetracycline-resistant (tetr) isolates was investigated by cultivation. Aerobic ampr isolates were only detected in colon contents from four hooded seals, whereas aerobic tetr isolates were found in seven of the nine hooded seals. These data provide novel insight to the gut microbiota of Arctic and
sub-Arctic seals living in the wild. 相似文献
8.
Sharon Gursky 《International journal of primatology》2010,31(1):117-131
One of the most widely accepted explanations for the difference in the sex bias between mammals and birds is that male-biased
dispersal in mammals is due to the preponderance of polygynous mating systems exhibited by this class, whereas birds are predominantly
monogamous. Spectral tarsiers (Tarsius spectrum) are unusual in that they exhibit variation in its mating system. Although the majority of spectral tarsier groups are monogamous,
ca. 15% are polygynous. If mating system influences dispersal, then I predicted that the polygynous groups would exhibit male
biased dispersal whereas I predicted that the dispersal patterns of the monogamous groups would be analogous to that exhibited
by birds, specifically female biased. Alternatively, I hypothesized that ecological variation may influence dispersal habits
in this species. Specifically, I predicted that polygynous groups would exhibit greater habitat quality than monogamous groups.
The 2 hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. On the basis of 14 individuals birdbanded between 1994 and 1999, I determined
that individuals of both sexes were equally likely to disperse (males, n = 5; females, n = 9). Males dispersed twice as far as females did. The mean dispersal distance for males was 660 m, and for females it was
266 m. Females (77%) were more likely to form a territory adjacent to the parental territory than were males (20%). Individuals
exhibited relatively high amounts of site fidelity (86%) that were related to physical characteristics of the sleeping site.
Adults that dispersed a second time (n = 4) initially resided in trees that were shorter and had a smaller diameter-at-breast height than the trees of individuals
that exhibited site fidelity. The results of my study partly support the parental mating system hypothesis and also support
the habitat quality hypothesis. 相似文献
9.
Ines Fürtbauer Oliver Schülke Michael Heistermann Julia Ostner 《International journal of primatology》2010,31(4):501-517
Information on basic reproductive parameters and life-history traits is crucial for the understanding of primate evolution,
ecology, social behavior, and reproductive strategies. Here, we report 4 yr of data on reproductive and life-history traits
for wild female Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, northeastern Thailand. During 2 consecutive reproductive seasons, we investigated reproductive
behavior and sexual swelling size in 16 females and collected 1832 fecal samples. Using enzyme immunoassays, we measured fecal
estrogen and progesterone metabolites to assess ovarian activity and timing of ovulation and to ascertain conceptions and
pregnancies. Timing of reproduction was strictly seasonal (births: April–July, 86% in April–June, 4 yr, n = 29; conceptions: October–February, 65% in December–January, 2 yr, n = 17). Females showed no cyclic ovarian activity outside the mating season and conceived in their first or second cycle (mean:
1.2 cycles to conception, n = 13). Gestation length was on average 164.2 d (range: 158–170, n = 10), and females had their first infant at an age of 5 yr (n = 4). Interbirth intervals were bimodally distributed, with females giving birth on average every 13.9 or 23.2 mo. Shorter
interbirth intervals were linked to early parturition within the birth season. Most females displayed subcaudal sexual swellings
which, however, did not reliably indicate female reproductive status or fertility. Overall, our results fall within the range
of findings reported for other macaque species. These results thus add to the growing body of information available for wild
macaques, facilitating comparative studies for a better understanding of interspecific differences in social and reproductive
patterns. 相似文献
10.
Xiaodong Li Myong Jong Yi Yowhan Son Pil Sun Park Kyeong Hak Lee Yeong Mo Son Rae Hyun Kim Mi Jeong Jeong 《Journal of Plant Biology》2010,53(6):381-386
Biomass expansion factors, which convert the timber volume (or dry weight) to biomass, are used to estimate the forest biomass
and account for the carbon budget at the national or regional level. This study estimated the biomass conversion and expansion
factors (BCEF), root to shoot ratio (R), biomass expansion factors (BEF) of natural Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) forests based on direct field measurements and publications in Korea. This study attempted to fit the non-linear
relationships between the biomass expansion factors (BCEF and BEF) and main stand factors [stand age, tree height, and diameter
at breast height (DBH)]. The relationship between BEF and each main stand factor was expressed as a simple logarithmical equation.
The BCEF was also expressed as a logarithmical equation of the tree height, DBH, and stand volume, whereas there was no significant
relationship between BCEF and stand age. The mean value for BCEF, BEF, and R was 0.5821 Mg m−3 (n = 22, SD = 0.1196), 1.4465 (n = 22, SD = 0.2905), and 0.2220 (n = 17, SD = 0.0687), respectively. The values of the biomass expansion factors in this study may indicate much representativeness
to estimate forest biomass in natural Japanese Red Pine forests of Korea than the default values given by the IPCC (2003, 2006). 相似文献
11.
Casimiro-Lopes G de Oliveira-Junior AV Portella ES Lisboa PC Donangelo CM de Moura EG Koury JC 《Biological trace element research》2009,127(2):109-115
The purpose of this study was to compare plasma leptin, plasma zinc, and plasma copper levels and their relationship in trained
female and male judo athletes (n = 10 women; n = 8 men). Blood samples were obtained 24 h after training to measure plasma zinc, copper, and leptin levels. Subjects presented
similar values to age (22 ± 2 years old), body mass index (24 ± 1 kg/m2), plasma zinc (17.2 ± 2 μmol/L), copper (12.5 ± 2 μmol/L), and leptin (5.6 ± 1.3 μg/L). However, height, total body mass,
lean mass, fat mass, and sum of ten-skinfold thickness were higher in male than female. Plasma leptin was associated with
sum of ten skinfolds in male (r = 0.91; p < 0.001) and female athletes (r = 0.84; p < 0.003). Plasma zinc was associated with leptin in males (r = 0.82; p < 0.05) while copper was associated with plasma leptin in females (r = 0.66; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that young judo athletes lost sex-related differences in leptin levels. Plasma zinc, plasma
copper, and energy homeostasis may be involved in regulation of plasma leptin. 相似文献
12.
It is thought that calcium and magnesium may be related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; however,
to date, there have been few studies investigating the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic
syndrome in middle-aged male adults. We aimed to investigate the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and
metabolic syndrome in Korean middle-aged male adults. Study subjects included 213 men aged 30∼60 years. MetS risk score is
determined by adding the number of risk factors, waist circumference, triacylglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, glucose, and
blood pressure (BP). The study population was divided into three groups according to the MetS risk score: group I (MetS risk
score ≤1; n = 106), group II (MetS risk score = 2; n = 51), and group III (MetS risk score ≥3; n = 56). The serum Ca, according to increase of MetS risk score, was significantly higher (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in serum Mg concentration among the three groups. Subjects with high TG
and high BP had higher serum calcium levels than those without such abnormalities. Subjects with higher glucose had lower
serum magnesium levels than those without such abnormality. The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Ca had positive
correlations with the MetS risk score (r = 0.1769, p < 0.01), serum TG (r = 0.2516, p < 0.001), and DBP (r = 0.2246, p < 0.01). The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Mg had an inverse relationship with serum glucose (r = −0.2404, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum Ca had positive association with TG and BP, while serum Mg had negative association with serum
glucose after adjusting age and BMI among the middle-aged Korean male adults. 相似文献
13.
Morphological and Genetic Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saimiri boliviensis</Emphasis>
Eliana Ruth Steinberg Mariela Nieves Marina Sofía Ascunce Ana María Palermo Marta Dolores Mudry 《International journal of primatology》2009,30(1):29-41
The taxonomy of Saimiri is controversial because morphological characteristics, traditionally used for identification, are insufficient to distinguish
species and subspecies. Genetic studies of specimens become relevant for captive management, especially considering their
frequently unknown geographical origin. We analyzed phenotypic and genetic parameters in Saimiri spp. in Argentinean zoological gardens and biological stations to provide a more accurate taxonomic identification. We studied
27 males and 19 females of Saimiri spp. The cytogenetic analysis in mitotic metaphases corroborated a modal number of 2N = 44, XX/XY, and FN = 75 for males
and FN = 76 for females. G- and C-bands, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the pelage coloration pattern of all the specimens corresponded to Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis. We characterized for the first time the sperm cell morphology and morphometry (mean ± SE): total length: 71.39 ± 5.40 μm;
head length: 5.71 ± 0.81 μm; head width: 3.76 ± 0.70 μm; acrosome length: 3.70 ± 0.82 μm; midpiece length: 12.20 ± 2.22 μm.
Researchers can use the characterization of the sperm morphology as another parameter for taxonomic identification that, together
with cytogenetic and molecular ones, would allow a more precise identification of individual Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis. 相似文献
14.
Kandhro GA Kazi TG Afridi HI Kazi N Arain MB Sarfraz RA Sirajuddin Syed N Baig JA Shah AQ 《Biological trace element research》2008,125(3):203-212
In many developing countries, women are at high risk of goiter and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Iron deficiency adversely
affects thyroid metabolism and may decrease the efficiency of thyroid hormones in areas of endemic goiter. The aim of the
present study was to compare the level of iron (Fe) in biological samples (serum and urine) and serum thyroid hormones, thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxin (FT4) of goitrous female patients (GFPs; n = 69) with those of nongoitrous women as control subjects (n = 117), age range 21–45 years. The biological samples were analyzed for Fe concentration using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer,
prior to microwave-assisted wet acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the method was checked by the certified sample
and with those obtained by conventional wet acid digestion method on the same CRM and real samples. The overall recoveries
of Fe in serum and urine were found in the range of 97.2–98.6% of certified values. The results of this study showed that
the mean values of Fe in serum and urine samples of GFPs were significantly reduced as compared to control subjects (p = 0.002 and p = 0.015, respectively). The mean values of FT3 and FT4 were found to be lower in GFPs than in the age-matched healthy control
women; in contrast, high mean values of TSH were detected in GFPs (p = 0.003). There was a positive correlation between serum Fe concentration and TSH (r = 0.85, p = 0.01), FT3 (r = 0.95, p = 0.003), and FT4 levels (r = 0.98, p = 0.007) in GFPs. It was observed that iron deficiency is prevalent in GFPs, so the need of Fe supplementation will be required
to improve the efficacy of thyroid metabolism in goitrous women. 相似文献
15.
Adnane Bargaz Cherki Ghoulam Mustapha Faghire Hesham Aslan Attar Jean-Jacques Drevon 《Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)》2011,53(3):157-164
Although recent studies have addressed the effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on nodule O2 permeability, little attention has been given to the relationship between nodule P status and nodule permeability. To study
these traits, four recombinant inbred lines, namely RILs 34, 83, 115, 147 and one local variety (Concesa) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were inoculated with RhM11 (a native rhizobial strain from Haouz area of Marrakesh), and grown in hydroaeroponic culture
under P-sufficiency (250 μmol P plant−1 week−1) versus P-deficiency (75 μmol P plant−1 week−1) conditions. At the flowering stage, the biomass of plants and nodules and their P contents was determined after measuring
O2 uptake by nodulated roots (Conr) and nodule conductance to O2 diffusion (gn). The results showed that P-deficiency significantly decreased plant growth and nodulation, though there were differences
between bean genotypes. P-deficiency also induced a decrease in nodule P content (31%) in both sensitive (83, 147) and tolerant
lines (34, 115), a 42 and 27% reduction in shoots of sensitive and tolerant lines, respectively. These decreases were associated
with significant variations in nodule surface and O2 permeability among bean genotypes and P-nutrition. Under P-deficiency, gn increased more for the sensitive (39%) than for the tolerant lines (27%). This increase was linked with a rise both in the
P levels in nodules and shoots, as well as in the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation as determined by nodule-dependent
biomass production for the sensitive lines. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between O2 permeability, gn and P content both in nodules and shoots (r
2 = 0.94** and r
2 = 0.96**). We conclude that nodule variations in Conr and gn are related to nodule P content, and may contribute to the adaptation of energy metabolism in N2-fixing bean nodules to P-deficiency. 相似文献
16.
Trichuris spp. infect the majority of captive primate species along with an estimated 1049 million people worldwide, making it an important
zoonosis [Stephenson, L. S., Holland, C. V., & Cooper, E. S. Parasitology, 121(Suppl.), S73–S95, 2000]. We investigated the efficacy of methods used to evaluate the prevalence of Trichuris spp. in 2 groups (n = 12) of socially housed Abyssinian colobus (Colobus guereza kikuyensis) at Paignton Zoo Environmental Park and the factors that may affect density. We collected individual and group fecal samples
over 6 mo and estimated burden (egg counts/g of feces) of Trichuris spp. via the McMaster technique. Shedding was significantly higher in the afternoon than in the morning (matched-pairs t-test: t
[5] = −4.46, p < 0.01) and in dominant adult male colobus (Spearman rank: r
[5] = −0.94, p < 0.01; age: r
[5] = 0.89, p < 0.05). Parasitological studies of zoo-housed primates can be a useful tool to explore factors that may affect burdens of
Trichuris spp. in them. 相似文献
17.
Dayangku Fatiha Pengiran Burut Anwar Borai Callum Livingstone Gordon Ferns 《Cell stress & chaperones》2010,15(4):379-386
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is over-expressed when cells are exposed to stressful conditions that include oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and insulin resistance.
We have investigated the concentrations of serum Hsp27 antigen and antibodies in subjects from different glycaemic categories,
who either did or did not have established CVD. Serum Hsp27 antigen and antibody levels (immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and
IgG)) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in 68 individuals: 26 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT),
10 with (+) and 16 without (−) a history of CVD and 42 individuals with varying degrees of glucose intolerance (GI; 21 with
and 21 without a history of CVD). Insulin sensitivity was determined in each subject using indices derived from the homeostasis
model assessment of sensitivity and the insulin sensitivity index for glycaemia. Serum Hsp27 concentrations were significantly
higher in GI (+CVD) subjects compared to GI (−CVD) subjects (p = 0.03), NGT (−CVD) subjects (p = 0.02) and NGT (+CVD) subjects (p = 0.04) and were positively correlated to fasting plasma glucose for all subjects (r = 0.28, p = 0.03). IgM antibody levels were significantly higher in GI (+CVD) subjects compared to NGT (−CVD) group (p = 0.02) and were inversely related to fasting insulin concentrations (r = −0.27, p = 0.04) and the 2-h insulin concentrations (r = −0.29, p = 0.03) for all subjects. Serum IgG antibody levels were higher in GI (+CVD) group compared to GI (−CVD) group (p = 0.06). In conclusion, Hsp27 and its antibody concentrations appear to relate to the presence of cardiovascular complications
in patients with GI. 相似文献
18.
Tatiana Kugelmeier Rodrigo del Rio do Valle Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz Guimarães José Augusto Pereira Carneiro Muniz Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro Cláudio Alvarenga de Oliveira 《International journal of primatology》2011,32(3):605-615
A better understanding of a species’ reproductive physiology can help conservation programs to manage primates in the wild
and develop assisted reproductive technologies in captivity. We investigated whether measurements of fecal progestin and estrogen
metabolites obtained by a radioimmunoassay could be used to monitor the ovarian cycle of Alouatta caraya. We also compared the occurrence of vaginal bleeding with the hormone profiles. We collected fecal samples from 3 adult and
1 subadult captive female over 5 mo and performed vaginal cytology for the adults. The interval between fecal progestin surges
in the adult females was 19.11 ± 2.14 d (n = 18 cycles). Fecal progestin concentrations remained at basal values for 9.83 ± 2.21 d (n = 18) and rose to elevated values for 9.47 ± 0.72 d (n = 19). The subadult female showed basal levels of fecal estrogen and progestin concentrations throughout the study, suggesting
that our hormone measurements are valid to monitor the ovarian cycle. Bleeding periods coincided with basal levels of fecal
estrogens and progestin at intervals of 19.8 ± 0.9 d and lasted for 4.1 ± 1.0 d. Although we obtained these data from only
3 individuals, the results indicate that this species likely has a menstrual-type ovarian cycle. These data provide the first
endocrine profile for the Alouatta caraya ovarian cycle and are similar to results obtained for other howler species. This similarity is important for comparative
studies of howlers, allowing for a better understanding of their reproductive physiology and contributing to a critical information
base for managing Alouatta species. 相似文献
19.
Lucianna Fernandes J. C. Marques Carmen Marino Donangelo Juliana Gastao Franco Luciane Pires Aderval Severino Luna Gustavo Casimiro-Lopes Patricia Cristina Lisboa Josely Correa Koury 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):415-423
Intense physical activity is associated with biological adaptations involving hormones and trace elements. Zinc supplementation
may affect plasma copper concentration, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones, insulin, and glucose homeostasis,
but data in athletes are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate in competitive athletes (cyclists, n = 7, 32 ± 8 years) the effect of zinc supplementation (22 mg/day as zinc gluconate) during 30 days, and discontinuation using
placebo (maltodextrin) during the following 30 days, on plasma zinc and copper concentrations, serum thyroid hormones, insulin
and glucose levels, and HOMA2-IR. Compared to baseline, plasma zinc and Zn:Cu plasma ratio increased, but plasma copper decreased
after zinc supplementation (day 30) and discontinuation (day 60) (p < 0.05). Zn supplementation and discontinuation had no effect on TSH, T3, and T4. Fasting serum insulin and HOMA2-IR increased
(27% and 47%, respectively) on day 60 compared to baseline (p = 0.03), suggesting a delayed effect of zinc supplementation. Moreover, plasma zinc was positively associated with serum
insulin (r = 0.87, p = 0.009) and HOMA2-IR (r = 0.81, p = 0.03) after zinc supplementation (day 30), indicating that supplemental zinc may impair glucose utilization in cyclists. 相似文献
20.
Gregorio Mentaberre Jorge Ramón López-Olvera Encarnación Casas-Díaz Laura Fernández-Sirera Ignasi Marco Santiago Lavín 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2010,56(5):757-764
The physical capture of wild ungulates is performed for different purposes when anesthesia in field conditions is not possible
or advisable. The use of tranquilizers may contribute to improved welfare of captured animals. This study aimed to evaluate
the effect of azaperone and haloperidol on the stress response of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) through the evaluation of physiological, hematological, and serum biochemical parameters. Thirty-five Iberian ibexes were
drive-net captured and randomly injected with azaperone (0.52 ± 0.07 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM); n = 10), haloperidol (0.17 ± 0.04 mg/kg IM; n = 10), or saline (0.5 mL IM; n = 15) and physically restrained for 3 h. The variability of heart rate was lower in the azaperone-treated ibexes, suggesting
a calming effect, and erythrocyte and biochemical parameters indicated vasodilation, splenic sequestration, hemodilution,
improvement of renal perfusion, and a protective effect on muscle as a result of smooth muscle relaxation induced by azaperone.
Haloperidol showed poorer results, maybe due to insufficient dosage. These results support the suitability of using azaperone
in capture operations of Iberian ibex in order to reduce stress and prevent its adverse effects. 相似文献