植物病原棒形细菌的分类研究进展

植物病原棒形细菌从棒杆菌属中独立出来之后,对于其中各菌分类地位的确立一直有较多争议。近年来已分别归入棒形杆菌属（Clavibacter）、短小杆菌属（Curtobacterium）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、红球菌属（Rhodococcus）和拉氏杆菌属（Rathayibacter）5个属中。但此后又有人提出有些属中仍有异质性。这些分类上的变化主要是由于分类手段逐渐由传统的形态学分类方法向分子生物学方法和多相分类法过度。新的方法还在不断的完善之中。此外,植物病原棒形细菌分类系统的完善还有赖于植物病理学和微生物学家等多学科科学家的合作。     

PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE: A REASSESSMENT ASSESSED

Abstract— Wharton et al. (1992) provided an extensive reappraisal of the phylogenetic analysis of the subfamilies of Braconidae by Quicke and van Achterberg (1990). In this critique they drew attention to a number of errors in our data matrix and made a number of useful suggestions regarding character coding and polarization. However, they also make a number of erroneous statements that, if anything, present our work in a worse light. We therefore provide here some discussion of the comments by Wharton et al. indicating where we are in agreement and where we believe our initial interpretations were correct. We also take this opportunity to correct some additional mistakes that have subsequently been unearthed in our original data matrix.     

淡水养殖鱼类暴发性传染病致病细菌的研究

于1990—1991年的5—10月间,从湖北、湖南、河南和广东4省的9种淡水养殖鱼类的发病鱼睥、肝、肾中分离的93株细菌为材料,经100多个表型特征和细菌DNA中G+Cmol％遗传型特性测定等研究结果,可归属为产气单胞菌属中的运动性嗜中温产气单胞菌和弧菌属中的河弧菌。按照国际细菌命名法规优先律应为点状产气单胞菌[Aeromonas punctata(Zimmermann)nom.rev];而河弧菌与以前所描述的生物变种Ⅰ、Ⅱ型不同:在43℃能生长;发酵水杨苷产酸;利用D-葡糖酸钙、腐胺;不能利用戊二酸,D-葡糖醛酸;从D-葡萄糖产气;DNA中的G+Cmol％为47(Tm),鉴定为河弧菌生物变种Ⅲ(新生物变种Vibrio fluvialis Biovar Ⅲ.Biovar nov.)。     

深海细菌的分子鉴定分类

从东太平洋海底 5,30 0m深的沉积物中分离到一批嗜冷细菌 ,克隆了其中 1 3株细菌的1 6SrRNA基因 ,通过其序列的测定和比较 ,对这 1 3株细菌进行了分子鉴定 ,结果表明它们分属于副球菌 ,假单胞菌 ,盐单胞菌和假交替单胞菌 4个不同的菌属 ,同时进行了系统发育分析。     

头槽绦虫属的分类学研究

头槽绦虫属)Bothriocephalus Rudolphi,1808)隶属绦虫纲)Cestoidea)假叶目(Pseudophyl lidea)头槽科)Bothriocephalidae),主要寄生于海水及淡水鱼类 ,偶见于两栖类1,典型寄生部位为宿主的前肠 ,可直接影响宿主进食 ,严重时会引起宿主贫血以致死亡。该属包含的种类很多 ,仅Yamaguti21959年记载的寄生于鲤科鱼类的头槽绦虫属就有71种 ,其中危害养殖鱼类健康的多数寄生于淡水鱼类 ,B. scorpii可能是惟一危害海水经济鱼类的种类3.       

A SUPRAGENERIC TAXONOMY OF THE CONODONTS

The conodonts are divided into the Westergaardodinida and Conodontophorida orders. The latter (conodonts proper) are divided into 8 superfamilies. The Distacodontacea (Proconodontidae, Clavohamulidae, and Distacodontidae families) are on the whole a simple, 'primitive' group. The Chirognathacea include Oistodus (s.str.), Chirognathus, and Rhipidognathus. The Panderodontacea are mainly simple cones. The Prioniodinacea have compound, non-blade elements. The Prioniodontacea include the Periodontidae, Prioniodontidae, Balognathidae, and Icriodontidae families. Bryantodontace, Gondolellacea, and Polygnathacea are based on platform-stock genera. The Polygnathacea (spathognathodon-tids, polygnathids, and indiognathodontids) may comprise two major stocks independent since the Ordovician.     

异白蚁亚科的系统

异白蚁亚科是鼻白蚁科一个很大的类群,早在1896年Froggatt在缺乏兵蚁的情况下,以产于澳大利亚的一种白蚁成虫建立了异白蚁属Heterotermes,当时发表的新种为H.platycephalus Froggatt.时隔五年于1901年Silvestri又根据1858年Hagen定立的一     

PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT

Abstract— The recently published phylogeny of Braconidae by Quicke and van Achterberg is reassessed. Character-state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. Our results indicate that there are many more parsimonious solutions to their data set, the consensus of which differs substantially from their results. Based on our reassessment, little can be said about the relationships among braconid subfamilies. Consensus trees show the cyclostomes as a largely unresolved basal grade. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis.     

中国蕨科的数量分类研究

本文用聚类分析的方法,对中国蕨科23个种代表9个属做了数量分类研究,通过23OTUs×37个性状的原始数值矩阵标准化后,用欧氏距离系数计算相似性,采用WPGMA法进行聚类分析,以探索各属之间的系统位置和亲缘关系。其结果与我国植物学家经典分类处理基本上一致,并对粉背蕨属(Aleuritopteris)也做了修正,认为粉背蕨系(Ser.Farinosae)和银粉背蕨系(Sef.Argenteae)也可做为两个新属处理比较合理。另外对距离系数和结合线在类群划分申的作用进行了讨论和评价。