高蛋氨酸饮食对大鼠血管内皮细胞分泌功能的影响

目的:探讨高蛋氨酸饮食对大鼠血管内皮细胞分泌功能的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常饮食对照组(对照组)和高蛋氨酸饮食组(高蛋氨酸组)。对照组喂饲普通饲料,高蛋氨酸组大鼠喂饲含3%蛋氨酸的饲料,共8周。采用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆同型半胱氨酸含量,以MDA、SOD、NO/ET和t-PA/PAI平衡等指标建立研究平台和内皮功能评价体系,同时以扫描电镜观察主动脉弓血管内皮细胞形态。结果:与对照组相比,高蛋氨酸组血浆Hcy含量显著高于对照组,是对照组的2倍以上;血浆MDA和SOD活力显著升高(P<0.05),t-PA/PAI-1和NO/ET比值均显著降低(P<0.05)。扫描电镜显示高蛋氨酸组大鼠内皮细胞呈典型虫蛀样损害,伴有附壁血栓形成和脂质沉积。结论:高蛋氨酸饮食可诱发大鼠高半胱氨酸血症,Hcy可通过氧化应激机制损伤血管内细胞分泌功能,血浆NO/ET和t-PA/PAI-1系统失衡。     

高蛋氨酸饲料喂养的大鼠高同型半胱氨酸血症模型的实验研究

探讨高蛋氨酸饲料诱导高同型半胱氨酸血症的适应剂量及其对相关代谢的影响.选择质量分数1%、2%和3%蛋氨酸饲料喂饲大鼠,高压液相色谱法测定血清同型半胱氨酸、半胱氨酸和还原形谷胱甘肽含量.结果表明饲料中1%蛋氨酸可以使血清同型半胱氨酸水平升高且无生长抑制等毒副作用,2%和3%蛋氨酸饲料喂养大鼠后出现摄食量减少和生长抑制等毒...     

重组BHMT对高同型半胱氨酸血症大鼠的影响

目的探讨重组BHMT对大鼠HHcy血症的防治作用。方法用含2%蛋氨酸(methionine,Met)饲料诱发HHcy的大鼠,经尾静脉注射BHMT后,观察模型大鼠血浆中同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)浓度、LDH酶活性及HDL/LDL的影响。结果重组BHMT能将HHcy组大鼠血浆中Hcy浓度(23.70±6.75)μmol/L显著降低为(14.61±2.80)μmol/L(P<0.05),LDH酶活性由(209.57±10.22)U/L降低为(225.04±30.47)U/L(P<0.05),对脂蛋白HDL/LDL基本没有影响。结论重组BHMT对高同型半胱氨酸血症有一定的治疗作用。     

高脂饮食对慢性低氧大鼠肺组织eNOS/NO的影响

目的：本研究旨在探讨高脂饮食对慢性低氧SD大鼠肺组织内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）/一氧化氮（NO）的影响及其可能机制。方法：24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,常氧组（N组,南京,海拔10 m）、低氧组（H组,低压氧舱,模拟海拔5 000 m）和低氧联合高脂饮食组（H＋HFD组,低压氧舱,模拟海拔5 000 m）,经普通饮食或高脂饮食5周后,留取外周血和肺组织标本,用全自动血细胞分析仪检测静脉血血红蛋白（Hb）浓度,WST-1法检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、TBA比色法检测血浆丙二醛（MDA）含量,终点法和直接检测法检测血脂含量,荧光实时定量PCR检测肺组织eNOS mRNA水平,Western blot法检测肺组织eNOS蛋白水平,硝酸还原酶法检测肺组织NO代谢产物硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐（NOx）水平。结果：低氧组大鼠肺组织中eNOS mRNA及蛋白水平及NOx含量明显低于常氧组,而低氧联合高脂饮食组上述三项指标水平明显低于低氧组（P〈0.05）;低氧联合高脂饮食组血浆SOD活力低于低氧组,血浆MDA含量、总胆固醇（TCH）及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平明显高于低氧组（P〈0.05）。结论：慢性低氧降低大鼠肺组织eNOS/NO水平,高脂饮食进一步降低低氧大鼠肺组织eNOS/NO水平,减弱其对肺组织保护作用,机制可能与血脂异常及氧化—抗氧化状态失衡有关。     

醛固酮对新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞分泌ET、NO功能的影响

目的: 探讨醛固酮对新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(CFs)分泌内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的影响.方法: 采用胰酶消化法和差速贴壁分离法获取CFs,应用放射免疫分析法、硝酸还原酶法分别测定不同条件下培养的CFs培养液中的ET、NO水平.结果: 一定浓度范围内的醛固酮可按剂量依赖方式促进CFs分泌ET,抑制CFs分泌NO,使ET/NO比值上升;螺内酯可阻断醛固酮的上述作用(P<0.01).结论: 醛固酮可能通过影响CFs分泌ET、NO,从而改变生物活性物质网络平衡关系,发挥其促心肌纤维化作用.     

大鼠脑血管痉挛时NO和ET—1变化及尼莫地平的影响

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管痉挛(CVS)时脑组织一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素-1(ET-1)含量变化及尼莫地平(ND)对其影响。方法将135只Wistar大鼠随机均分为SAH组、ND处理组和假手术组,观察手术前后基底动脉管径,及24h内局部脑血流量(rCBF)、脑组织NO和ET-1含量动态改变,并行海马病理检查。结果SAH后rCBF明显而持续降低,基底动脉管径显著缩小;海马CAl区锥体细胞严重受损;脑组织NO和ET-1含量均在SAH后1～24h显著增加(P＜0．05～0．01)。ND处理后使上述异常变化均减轻。结论SAH后脑组织NO、ET-1增多可能参与了CVS所致脑损害过程,ND通过减轻CVS和拮抗脑组织NO及ET-1的病理性改变而发挥脑保护作用。     

缺氧对世居高原藏族人脐静脉内皮细胞ET和NO水平的影响

目的: 观察世居高原藏族人静脉血ET和NO含量和缺氧对培养脐静脉内皮细胞ET和NO水平的影响,以期从胎儿生长发育的角度探讨人类高原适应的机制.方法: 分别以放射免疫分析法和Greiss法测定世居高原藏族、移居高原汉族和平原汉族人静脉血ET和NO含量.体外培养世居高原藏族和移居高原汉族新生儿UVECs,分为4组:①世居高原藏族人UVECs常氧组(TC);②世居高原藏族人UVECs缺氧组(TH);③移居高原汉族人UVECs常氧组(HC);④移居高原汉族人UVECs缺氧组(HH),收集培养上清液测定ET和NO含量.结果: 世居高原藏族人静脉血NO水平显著高于移居高原汉族人,而ET水平显著低于移居高原汉族人.体外低氧(0.5% O2)条件培养12 h和24 h时,TH组ET浓度显著低于HH组,而HH组与TH组和HC组与TC组相应时间点之间的NO浓度差异无显著性意义.结论: 缺氧时世居高原藏族人UVECs ET分泌增高的程度较低,可能有助于保持相对低的血管张力,有利于胎儿血液供应.     

菊藤胶囊对应激性高血压大鼠血压及血液ET、NO含量的影响

目的:探讨了菊藤胶囊对应激性高血压(SIH)大鼠血压影响的可能机制。方法:采用电击足底应激刺激的方法制备应激性高血压大鼠模型,观察每天应激刺激前灌服菊藤胶囊对应激大鼠血压的影响,检测血清一氧化氮(NO)、血浆内皮素(ET)水平。结果:模型组血压显著升高,模型组与其它各组血压比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。正常组、卡托组、菊高组之间进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与模型组比较,菊藤胶囊高中剂量组、西药组可使SIH血清NO水平显著升高(P<0.01),高中剂量组、西药组可使血浆ET水平显著下降(P<0.01);正常组、西药组、中药高剂量组之间进行比较并无显著性差异。结论:SIH形成与血清NO水平下降、血浆ET水平升高有关,菊藤胶囊能有效降低血压,其降压机制可能与调整血清NO、血浆ET水平有关。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症对心肌梗死后心肌组织中SCF表达的影响

目的通过观察高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHCY)对心肌梗死后大鼠心肌组织中干细胞因子(SCF)表达的影响,探讨HHCY在心肌梗死(MI)后干细胞归巢并修复梗死心肌过程中的作用。方法饮食诱导大鼠HHCY的动物模型;随后建立大鼠MI模型;利用免疫组织化学染色及RT-PCR技术分别检测HHCY对MI后大鼠MI区域及MI灶周围心肌组织内SCF表达的影响。结果MI后大鼠MI灶周围心肌组织中SCF的表达增强(与假结扎组相比);高蛋氨酸饮食组大鼠MI灶周围心肌组织内SCF的表达显著减少(与对照组相比);补充叶酸降低了大鼠血清中同型半胱氨酸浓度,增强了MI灶周围心肌组织内SCF的表达。结论MI上调了MI灶周围心肌组织中SCF的表达,有利于干细胞的归巢并修复梗死的心肌;HHCY抑制了MI灶周围心肌组织内SCF的表达,从而减少由SCF所诱导的干细胞归巢到MI区域,进而抑制了梗死后心肌的修复。     

厄贝沙坦对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平的影响

目的:探讨厄贝沙坦治疗对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素(ET)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的影响。方法:入选符合纳入标准的早期糖尿病肾病患者82例,按照随机抽签的方法分为对照组和观察组,每组各41例。对照组在指导患者饮食、合理运动的基础上给予降糖、降压治疗、改善贫血、保证酸碱平衡等,观察组在对照组基础上联合厄贝沙坦治疗。检测两组患者治疗前后血脂指标:甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);肾功能各项指标:尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、胱抑素-C(CysC)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)以及血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素(ET)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组血脂指标、肾功能指标、血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清TC、TG、LDL-C、BUN、SCr、CysC、24h UP、hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平均显著降低,且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05);而两组血清HDL-C均明显升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:厄贝沙坦用于治疗早期糖尿病肾病可更有效改善患者血脂水平、降低血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平,进而保护患者肾功能。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子增加大鼠血管一氧化氮及内皮素的生成

研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂａｓｉｃ ｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ,ｂＦＧＦ）对自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和ＷＫＹ大鼠血管一氧化氮（ＮＯ）及内皮素生成的影响。取ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ大鼠主动脉制成血管薄片,以１０、１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ ｂＦＧＦ（终浓度）分别孵育６ｈ,测定血管组织中一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及孵育液中亚哨酸盐（ＮＯ２）和内皮素含量。结果显示：ＳＨＲ主动脉组织ＮＯＳ活性较Ｗ     

白细胞介素—10对血管一氧化氮／一氧化氮合酶系统的影响

为探讨抗炎因子－－白细胞介素－10（IL－10）对大鼠主动脉一氧化氮（NO）／一氧化氮合酶（NOS）系统的影响,应用Griess试剂、^3H－瓜氨酸生成及蛋白免疫印迹杂交等方法,测定IL－10孵育对血管NO释放、NOS活性及表达的影响。结果发现细菌脂多糖（LPS）呈浓度领带性地激活诱导型NOS（iNOS）,促进NO生成。IL－10（10^-10-10^-8g/ml）呈浓度依赖性地上调内皮型NOS（eNOS）蛋白表达及其活性,但对iNOS活性及表达无明显影响,IL－10（10^-9-10^-8g/ml）显著抑制10μg/ml LPS诱导的NO生成和iNOS激活;而高浓度IL－10（10^-7g/ml）则上调iNOS的活性,对eNOS蛋白的表达知活性无明显影响。因此IL－10对NO／NOS系统具有双重影响,一方面可抑制炎症介质诱发的作为炎性物质的iNOS的表达及激活,另一方面可上调内皮源扩血管物质NO的释放。     

Combination of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia induces endothelial dysfunction: Role of the endothelin and nitric oxide systems

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a key feature of diabetes and is a major cause of diabetic vasculopathy. Diabetic patients who also exhibit hyperlipidaemia suffer from accelerated vascular complications. While the deleterious effects of high glucose levels (HG) and hyperlipidaemia alone on ED are well established, the effects of combined hyperlipidaemia and HG have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the current study examines whether HG and hyperlipidaemia exert synergistic ED, and explores the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We applied multi-disciplinary approaches including cultured HUVECs and HMEC-1 as well as knockout mice CByJ.129S7(B6)-Ldlrtm1Her/J (LDLR^−/−) to investigate the mechanisms underlying combined HG and hyperlipidaemia-induced ED. Incremental doses of glucose in the presence or absence of OxLDL were added to HUVECs and HMEC-1. After 5 days, the status of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 systems as well as their signal transduction were assessed using Western blot, ELISA and immunoreactive staining. The effects of chronic combination of HG and hyperlipidaemia on endothelial integrity and function as well as alterations in circulatory NO and ET-1 systems were examined in knockout mice LDLR^−/− and their wild-type. HUVEC cells exposed to HG and OxLDL displayed enhanced ET-1 production, more than HG or OxLDL when added alone. Overproduction of ET-1 stems from up-regulation of endothelin converting enzyme (ECE)-1 as observed under these conditions. In contrast, combination of HG and OxLDL dramatically decreased both total endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) by 60%, and activated eNOS (peNOS) by 80%. Moreover, NRF2 decreased by 42% and its active form (pNRF2) by 56%, as compared to baseline. Likewise, ET_B levels decreased by 64% from baseline on endothelial cells. Furthermore, diabetic LDLR^−/− mice displayed a higher blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, ET-1 and NO2/NO3 levels, when compared with normoglycemic LDLR^−/− and BALB mice. Combined hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia activates the ET system and attenuates the nitric oxide system with the Nrf2 signalling pathway. These findings suggest that perturbations in these paracrine systems may contribute to ED.     

一氧化氮/内皮素在大鼠胃粘膜损伤中的作用及电针的调整效应

用酒精灌胃引起大鼠胃粘膜损伤模型,观察内皮衍生因子（ＮＯ／ＥＴ）的含量变化和电针对胃粘膜损伤调整作用,结果发现：酒精灌胃后,胃粘膜血流量（ＧＭＢＦ）、跨壁电位差,血ＮＯ含量降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血浆ＥＴ含量和胃粘膜损伤指数（ＬＩ）增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）或硝普钠（ＳＮＰ）灌注预处理后（ｉｖ）,ＮＯ含量和ＧＭＢＦ明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＥＴ含量和ＬＩ指数下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

昆虫一氧化氮及其合酶的研究进展

一氧化氮作为一种重要的信息分子 ,参与调节昆虫嗅觉、视觉、机械感受、发育、机体防御及学习行为。该文从生理、生化、形态定位以及信号转导几方面综述了有关昆虫一氧化氮及其合酶的最新研究进展。     

Deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase exacerbates hepatic fibrosis in mice fed high-fat diet

The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the progression of fibrosis during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis remains to be elucidated. This study examined the role of iNOS in the progression of fibrosis during steatohepatitis by comparing iNOS knockout (iNOS^−/−) and wild-type (iNOS^+/+) mice that were fed a high-fat diet. Severe fatty metamorphosis developed in the liver of iNOS^+/+ and iNOS^−/− mice. Fibrotic changes were marked in iNOS^−/− mice. Gelatin zymography showed that pro MMP-2 and pro MMP-9 protein expressions were more highly induced in iNOS^+/+ mice than in iNOS^−/− mice. Active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were clearly present only in the liver tissue of iNOS^+/+ mice. In situ zymography showed strong gelatinolytic activities in the liver tissue of iNOS^+/+ mice, but only spotty activity in iNOS^−/−mice. iNOS may attenuate the progression of liver fibrosis in steatohepatitis, in part by inducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and augmenting their activity.     

Exercise training restores oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthases in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of renovascular hypertensive rats

Abstract

We hypothesize that exercise training (EX) reverses the level of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress into rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of renovascular hypertensive rats (two kidneys, one clip - 2K1C). Microinjections of L-arginine (5 nmol), L-NAME (10 nmol), or saline (100 nl) were made into RVLM of 2K1C and normotensive (SHAM) rats sedentary (SED) or subjected to swimming for 4 weeks. mRNA expression (by qRT-PCR) of nitric oxide synthases isoforms (nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper and zinc superoxide (Cu/ZnSOD), catalase (CAT), NADPH oxidase subunit p22^phox, concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and CAT activity into RVLM were evaluated. The mean arterial pressure was reduced in 2K1C EX compared with that in 2K1C SED rats. L-arginine into RVLM induced hypertensive effect in 2K1C and SHAM SED rats, while L-NAME prevented hypertensive effect only in SHAM-SED. EX reduced hypertensive effect of L-arginine in SHAM and 2K1C rats. mRNA expression of NOS isoforms, p22^phox, and concentration of TBARS were increased while CAT and Cu/ZnSOD expression and CAT activity decreased into RVLM of 2K1C-SED compared with SHAM-SED rats. Additionally, EX reversed mRNA expression of CAT and NOS isoforms, concentration of TBARS, and CAT activity into RVLM of 2K1C-EX rats. These data suggest that the levels of NOS and oxidative stress into RVLM are important to determine the level of hypertension. Furthermore, EX can restore the blood pressure by reversing the levels of NOS and CAT expression, and reducing TBARS concentration into RVLM for the physiological state.     

硫化氢对1型糖尿病大鼠膈肌NO含量和iNOS活性的影响

目的：观察硫化氢（H2S）对1型糖尿病大鼠膈肌一氧化氮（NO）含量和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性的影响。方法：将32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组：正常组（NC组）、糖尿病组（DM组）、糖尿病治疗组（DM + NaHS组）和NaHS对照组（NaHS组）（n=8）。采用一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素55 mg/kg制备1型糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后第4周起,DM + NaHS组和NaHS组大鼠腹腔注射NaHS溶液14μmol/kg干预治疗。连续注射5周后,测大鼠空腹血糖值（FBG）和膈肌重量/体重量比（DW/BW）;HE染色观察膈肌显微结构变化;利用NOS分型测试盒测膈肌组织iNOS活性;硝酸还原法测定膈肌组织NO含量;利用RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测膈肌组织iNOS mRNA和蛋白表达。结果：与NC组比较,DM组大鼠FBG显著升高,膈肌显微结构损伤明显,DW/BW下降,膈肌组织iNOS活性和NO含量显著增加,iNOS mRNA和蛋白表达明显增高,NaHS组各项指标差异无统计学意义。与DM组比较,DM + NaHS组膈肌显微结构明显改善,DW/BW增高,膈肌组织iNOS活性和NO含量明显下降,iNOS mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低。结论：外源性补充H2S可能通过下调膈肌组织iNOS活性和蛋白表达,降低NO含量,进而保护糖尿病大鼠膈肌的功能。     

不同亚型一氧化氮合酶在脑缺血/再灌注早期的表达变化

目的:观察脑缺血/再灌注(CI/R)早期缺血区脑组织的内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)与神经型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达的变化。方法:健康wistar大鼠60只,体重200～280g,由中国医科大学动物中心提供,雌雄各半。随机分为6组(n=10):假手术组、缺血1h组、缺血2h组、再灌注0.5h组、再灌注1h组、再灌注2h组。采用线栓法制作大鼠CI/R模型,免疫组化方法检测缺血区脑组织的eNOS与nNOS蛋白表达情况。结果:与假手术组比较,CI/R模型大鼠脑组织血管内皮细胞内eNOS表达在缺血1h内升高,之后到再灌注2h内持续降低。而nNOS的表达在缺血到再灌注2h内持续上升。结论:CI/R模型中缺血区脑组织的eNOS与nNOS的变化趋势不同,表明一氧化氮在缺血性脑损伤病理过程的作用与一氧化氮合酶亚型的变化有关。     

L-精氨酸脂质体对慢性低氧高二氧化碳大鼠一氧化氮及其合酶基因表达的影响

目的:探讨L-精氨酸脂质体(L-Arg)对慢性低氧高二氧化碳大鼠一氧化氮代谢及内皮型一氧化氮合酶基因(ecNOSmRNA)表达的影响.方法:将40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,正常对照组(NC组),低氧高二氧化碳4周组(HH组),低氧高二氧化碳加L-Arg4周组(HL组)和低氧高二氧化碳加L-Arg脂质体4周组(HP组).采用硝酸还原酶法测定血浆一氧化氮代谢产物(NOx-)含量,组织原位杂交、光镜和图像分析等方法观察肺细小动脉显微结构以及肺细小动脉ecNOSmRNA的表达变化.结果:①HH组mPAP和RV/(LV S)高于NC组,HP组均明显低于HL组与HH组;②HH组的血浆NO含量显著低于NC组(P＜0.01),HL组与HP组均明显高于HH组(P＜0.01);③HH组的肺细小动脉ecNOSmRNA的平均吸光度值低于NC组(P＜0.05);而HP组明显高于HH组和HL组(P＜0.01);④HP组的肺细小动脉管壁面积/管总面积比值(WA/TA)和中膜厚度(PAMT)均明显低于HH组(P＜0.01),且低于HL组(P＜0.05).结论:L-Arg脂质体较L-Arg有更明显的降低慢性低氧高二氧化碳大鼠肺动脉压和减轻肺血管重建的治疗作用,其机制可能与L-Arg脂质体促进L-Arg的跨膜转运有关.