虹鳉透明突变的遗传特征及其组织学观察

摘要：采用杂交方法对虹鳉（Poecilia reticulate）透明性状的遗传规律进行了研究。从F1自交和回交后代的表型分析,该性状由1对等位基因控制,呈隐性遗传,其遗传特征符合孟德尔基因分离定律。采用体视镜观察比较不同表型虹鳉体表色素细胞的差异,并应用石蜡切片和电镜技术对不同表型鱼的皮肤、腹膜等结构进行研究,结果显...     

适合教学的小型鱼类仿真模型制作方法

介绍一种适合教学的小型鱼类仿真模型制作方法,该方法以水晶滴胶作为主要填充材料,制作流程包括制作鱼钩套管、用铝塑板制作灌模盒子、以齿科藻酸盐印模材料制作鱼体阴模、用水晶滴胶灌注阳模等.     

丰产鲫细菌性败血病的研究Ⅰ——病原分离与鉴定

从患败血病的丰产鲫 (Carassiusauratusofpenze (♀ )×Cyprinusacutidorsalis (♂ ) )脾脏中分离到的一株细菌CSS 4 2 ,经人工感染证实为病原菌。其主要特征为短杆状 ,革兰氏阴性 ,有运动性 ,极端生单鞭毛 ,不产生芽孢 ,无荚膜 ;对 0 1 2 9弧菌抑制剂不敏感 ,能利用葡萄糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、肌醇等 ,不利用丙二酸盐、乳糖、木糖、棉子糖、山梨糖、福寿草醇等 ;氧化酶、精氨酸双水解酶阳性 ,尿素、苯丙氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶阴性。经细菌自动化鉴定系统VITEK AMS 60鉴定 ,CSS 4 2菌株为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonascaviae)。药物敏感试验表明 ,CSS 4 2对链霉素、妥布霉素、氯霉素、利福平、诺氟沙星、呋喃妥因等药物敏感 ,对青霉素G等不敏感     

滇池高背鲫和方正银鲫酯酶和乳酸脱氢酶的比较研究

本研究以方正银鲫酯酶(Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch)普通鲫(Carassius auratus)和滇池高背鲫(Carassius sp.)的各种组织器官为材料, 进行酯酶(Esterase)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶电泳图谱的分析比较.结果表明:9种不同组织中酯酶同工酶谱带各不相同,有明显的组织特异性.滇池高背鲫的酯酶谱图有3种表型.正方银鲫和滇池高悲鲫同一组织的LDH同工酶谱也有明显差异. 等电聚焦凝胶电泳(T=7.5%,C=5%)的结果又表明这二种鱼的肝脏, 脑, 卵的酯酶同工酶谱及电泳扫描图有差异. 这些结果揭示滇池高背鲫与方正银鲫至少在生化水平上已有明显的分化, 很可能起源于不同的地区,由不同的祖先,独立演化而形成. 滇池高背鲫与云南普通鲫的LDH酶谱较为接近,这说明滇池高背鲫最可能起源于云南本地的普通鲫.     

滇池高背鲫和方正银鲫酯酶、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的比较研究

本研究以方正银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch)普通鲫(Carassius auratus)和滇池高背鲫(Carassius sp.)的各种组织器官为材料,进行酯酶(Esterase)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶电泳图谱的分析比较。结果表明:9种不同组织中酯酶同工酶谱带各不相同,有明显的组织特异性。滇池高背鲫的酯酶谱图有3种表型。方正银鲫和滇池高背鲫同一组织的LDH同工酶酶谱也有明显差异。等电聚焦凝胶电泳(T=7.5％,C=5％)的结果又表明这二种鱼的肝脏、脑、卵的酯酶同工酶酶谱及电泳扫描图亦有差异。这些结果揭示滇池高背鲫与方正银鲫至少在生化水平上已有明显的分化,很可能起源于不同的地区,由不同的祖先,独立演化而形成。滇池高背鲫与云南普通鲫的LDH酶谱较为接近,这说明滇池高背鲫最可能起源于云南本地的普通鲫。     

丰产鲫细菌性败血病的研究I——病原分离与鉴定

从患败血病的丰产鲫 (Carassiusauratusofpenze (♀ )×Cyprinusacutidorsalis (♂ ) )脾脏中分离到的一株细菌CSS-4-2 ,经人工感染证实为病原菌。其主要特征为短杆状 ,革兰氏阴性 ,有运动性 ,极端生单鞭毛 ,不产生芽孢 ,无荚膜 ;对 0/129弧菌抑制剂不敏感 ,能利用葡萄糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、肌醇等 ,不利用丙二酸盐、乳糖、木糖、棉子糖、山梨糖、福寿草醇等 ;氧化酶、精氨酸双水解酶阳性 ,尿素、苯丙氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨     

高邮杂交鲫（鲫♀×白鲫）及其亲本血清生化组成的比较研究

本文对高邮杂交鲫（鲫♀×白鲫♂）及其亲本血清生化组成的定量分析。结果表明,在测定的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、胆固醇、尿素氮、葡萄糖、乳酸脱氢酶、ａ－羟丁酸脱氢酶、ａ－淀粉酶和谷草转氨酶等九个生化指标中,大部分指标高邮杂交鲫与母本无显著差异,而与父本则有极显著差异。这从代谢方面论证了高邮杂交鲫是一个偏向于母本的杂交种。     

稀有鮈鲫与其他模式实验鱼类基因组大小的比较

稀有(鱼句)鲫 (Gobiocypris rarusYe et Fu)是我国特有的小型实验鱼类,具有性成熟期短、繁殖季节长、产卵频率高等特点1,已在生态毒理和鱼病学等研究中得到应用,显示了它作为实验鱼类的良好潜力。       

雌核发育银鲫的受精生物学研究——天然雌核发育银鲫繁殖方式的讨论

本文研究了同源雌核发育银鲫精子在4种类型的雌核发育银鲫卵中的发育特征。初步揭示了天然雌核发育银鲫根据精子的来源不同而分别具有二种不同的繁殖方式,对其在维持雌核发育银鲫种群生存,促使克隆分化等方面的独特的生物学意义进行了讨论。     

Fine-structural study of leucocytes in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

An electron microscopic study was performed on leucocytes from circulating blood of the goldfish. The leucocytes were divided into eight types: neutrophil, eosinophil, large granular leucocyte (LGL), medium-sized granular leucocyte (MGL), small granular leucocyte (SGL), fine granular leucocyte (FGL), lymphocyte, and monocyte. In this report the thrombocyte was excluded from leucocytes, and LGL, MGL, SGL and FGL were tentatively classified based on the size of intracytoplasmic granules possessed by each cell. The existence of goldfish monocytes was electron microscopically demonstrated for the first time in the present report.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic trinucleotide microsatellites of the polyploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

In this study, we isolated and characterized nine polymorphic trinucleotide microsatellites (CAG and CCT) from the crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six. Five loci showed a significantly excess homozygosity, and a genetic linkage between CAL0102 and CAL0495 was strongly suggested. Our results confirmed the triploidy of Korean individuals, and the microsatellites were found to be useful for analysing the allelic state of the polyploid crucian carp.     

一种新的异育银鲫病原———腐败希瓦氏菌

【目的】江苏盐城一家养殖场的异育银鲫暴发疾病,通过对病原进行研究,旨在为该病的防治提供理论依据和参考。【方法】从病鱼体表病灶和内脏中分离出优势菌株,经人工感染试验证实为病原菌。采用传统的形态、生理生化表型鉴定与16S rDNA序列分析相结合的方法确定菌株的分类地位。运用K-B琼脂法对病原菌株进行药物敏感性测定。【结果】综合菌株形态、生理生化表型以及16S rDNA序列分析的结果,确定该分离株为腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella putrefaciens)。回接感染试验证实腐败希瓦氏菌即是导致此次异育银鲫发病死亡的致病原,其半数致死量(LD50)为2.1×103cfu/g。该株腐败希瓦氏菌对吡哌酸、萘啶酸、氟哌酸、氟啶酸、氟苯尼考、利福平、美满霉素、氟罗沙星、恩诺沙星、复达欣、菌必治、先锋Ⅳ、罗红霉素和左氟沙星等抗生素敏感。【结论】首次报道了异育银鲫一种新的病原,说明腐败希瓦氏菌作为一种潜在的新病原也可能会对异育银鲫的养殖造成威胁。     

A molecular approach to detect hybridisation between crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and non-indigenous carp species (Carassius spp. and Cyprinus carpio)

1. Releases of non‐native fish into the wild is an increasing problem posing considerable ecological and genetic threats through direct competition and hybridisation. 2. We employed six microsatellite markers to identify first generation hybrids and backcrosses between native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and introduced goldfish (C. auratus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the U.K. We also investigated the genetic characteristics of the taxonomically controversial gibel carp (Carassius spp.) from sites across Europe. 3. Natural hybridisation between goldfish and crucian carp occurs frequently, although hybrids between all other species pairs were observed. Only 62% of British crucian carp populations (n = 21) consisted exclusively of pure crucian carp. In some populations hybrids were so frequent, that no pure crucian carp were caught, indicating a high competitive ability of hybrids. 4. Most hybrids belonged to the F1 generation but backcrossing was evident at a low frequency in goldfish × crucian carp hybrids and goldfish × common carp hybrids. Furthermore, some local populations had high frequencies of backcrosses, raising the opportunity for introgression. 5. Gibel carp from Germany and Italy belonged to two triploid clonal lineages that were genetically closely related to goldfish, whereas all individuals identified from British populations proved to be crucian carp × goldfish hybrids. 6. Our study suggests that the release of closely related exotic cyprinids not only poses a threat to the genetic integrity and associated local adaptations of native species, but may also contribute to shifts in community structure through competitive interactions.     

Female-biased operational sex ratio of sexual host fish in a gynogenetic complex of Carassius auratus

To study the coexistence of sexual and gynogenetic forms, we examined the population structure of a gynogenetic complex of the Japanese crucian carp, Carassius auratus Temminck et Schlegel, during the April–June reproductive season by collecting 1225 mature fish that migrated from Lake Suwa to a tributary river for spawning. There were more sexual fish (about 80%) than gynogenetic fish in this complex, and the operational sex ratio in the sexual form was female biased (males were about 20%). Mean standard length and body weight of sexual females were larger than those of sexual males. Sex ratio was male biased in smaller fish (standard length, <8.5 cm) but female biased in larger fish (standard length, ≥8.5 cm). We determined age by scale ring marks; the average age of sexual females was higher than that of males, but there was no significant difference in the average age between sexual and gynogenetic females. Sex ratio in the sexual form was more female biased for old than for young fish, and the mean size of sexual females was larger than that of males of the same age. The clear female-biased sex ratio and age difference between sexual females and males can be explained either by (1) higher mortality of males or by (2) female-biased sex allocation. The latter process reduces the disadvantage of sex and contributes to the coexistence of sexual and gynogenetic forms. Received: November 24, 2000 / Accepted: March 6, 2001     

污染水域鲫鱼外周血细胞形态和数量的变化

为探讨污染环境对鱼类外周血细胞形态及数量的影响,本研究选择相对无污染的刘家峡水库和污染较严重的黄河白银段为研究地点,以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为研究对象,常规方法制血涂片,Giemsa染色,统计红细胞微核率、核异常率和各类血细胞数量,并用带有数码采集头(Motic B5 Professional Series)的显微镜拍照各类细胞。结果表明,与刘家峡水库相比,黄河白银段鲫鱼红细胞数量显著减少(P<0·05),核异常率(P<0·05)和微核率(P<0·01)显著增加;白细胞总数和淋巴细胞数量显著增加(P<0·05),而嗜中性粒细胞(P<0·01)和血栓细胞(P<0·05)数量显著减少,单核细胞数量虽有减少趋势但两地差异不显著(P>0·05)。表明黄河白银段污染对鲫鱼外周血细胞数量及红细胞微核率和核异常率具有显著的影响。     

Subcellular localization and functional characterization of a fish IRF9 from crucian carp Carassius auratus

Mammalian interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 9 (IRF-9) has long been recognized as the DNA sequence recognition subunit of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex, which is critical for type I IFN to induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) against viral infection. Recent studies have shown that fish IFN exerts antiviral effects by induction of a number of ISGs and also of itself; however, little is known about the role of fish IRF9 in IFN signaling. Here we identify a fish IRF9 orthologue (CaIRF9) from IFN-producing cell line, crucian carp Carassius auratus blastulae embryonic (CAB) cells. Analysis of subcellular distribution of CaIRF9-green fluorescent protein indicates that CaIRF9 is constitutively present in the nucleus, which is driven by two nuclear localization signals (NLS), one locating within DNA-binding domain (DBD) of CaIRF9 and the other immediately behind DBD, although human IRF9 contains only one NLS analogous to the former of CaIRF9. Overexpression of CaIRF9 together with CaSTAT2 not only activates ISRE-containing promoter but also upregulates the expression of fish ISGs. Strikingly, CaIRF9 together with CaSTAT2 also exhibits an ability to activate crucian carp IFN promoter, and blockade of cellular CaIRF9 attenuates IFN itself-induced activation of crucian carp IFN promoter. Taken together, these data suggest that crucian carp IFN induces the expression of ISGs and also of itself possibly by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway that is conserved from fish to mammals.     

A population of red‐transparent, triploid Carassius auratus

A red‐transparent population, distributed in Pingxiang of Jiangxi Province, was identified to be triploid Carassius auratus by DNA content measurement and chromosome analysis. Artificial propagation experiments indicated that the red‐transparent triploid Carassius auratus could reproduce by gynogenesis.