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1.
高德新  王帅  李琰  王聪  魏芳莉  傅伯杰  李彤 《生态学报》2021,41(14):5507-5516
光能利用率(Light use efficiency: LUE)指植物截获的光能转化为化学能的效率,表示为生产力和吸收光能之比。基于LUE概念的模型对模拟预测全球变化下碳循环、植被生产力及其潜力具有重要意义。全球变化和人类活动影响给植被生产力和碳循环的评估带来了巨大挑战。系统梳理了LUE模型的不确定性并分析其原因,以期提高生产力模拟预测的准确度。分析发现LUE模型准确度仅为62%-70%且模型间差异较大(32%),误差随着植被类型、时间尺度和空间区域的不同存在显著差别。目前计算LUE的误差是模型不确定性的关键,原因主要在于LUE与影响因素尤其是水分的关系并不清楚。一方面不能准确区分水分胁迫指标对LUE的影响机制,另一方面无法准确模拟水分等影响因素与LUE关系的时空演变特征。未来该领域研究的重要方向是发展集成样地和区域尺度的叶绿素荧光、光化学指数等研究方法,厘定LUE与影响因素特别是的水分关系,并分析其时空演变特征。  相似文献   

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利用CASA模型模拟西南喀斯特植被净第一性生产力   总被引:35,自引:12,他引:23       下载免费PDF全文
董丹  倪健 《生态学报》2011,31(7):1855-1866
基于SPOT NDVI遥感数据并结合数字高程模型、气象数据和植被参数,利用实测植被生产力计算和修正最大光能利用率,通过改进CASA过程模型,本文估算了中国西南喀斯特地区1999—2003年的植被净第一性生产力(NPP)。结果表明:1)改进后的CASA模型模拟的植被NPP与实测值相关性显著,可较好用于西南喀斯特植被的NPP估算;2)西南8省市区1999—2000年喀斯特和非喀斯特植被的NPP有轻度增加,但空间变化不显著,2001年低值区范围增加,2002年NPP高值区的范围明显扩大,随后在2003年又降低,但仍高于2001年;3)5年间西南喀斯特地区年NPP的变化范围是381.7—439.9 gC m-2 yr-1,平均值为402.34 gC m-2 yr-1,逐年NPP波动中呈现总体增长趋势,平均增加值为9.93 gC m-2 yr-1,5年总增加量为11TgC,但非喀斯特地区的年NPP平均值和增加值都大于喀斯特地区;4)5年间喀斯特地区的热带森林、亚热带森林、灌丛和草地的逐年NPP均小于非喀斯特地区,温带森林和农业植被则相反;这6种典型植被年NPP均呈增加趋势,热带森林的增加值最大,草地最小,非喀斯特地区植被NPP的增长趋势相似,但每种植被的年NPP增加值均大于喀斯特地区。西南喀斯特地区植被NPP的时空变化与气温、降水和太阳辐射的变化有关,而喀斯特植被NPP低于非喀斯特地区,则主要由喀斯特地区水分匮缺、土壤贫瘠等恶劣条件而抑制植物生长造成的。  相似文献   

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  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Given that neither absolute measures nor direct model validations of global terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) are feasible, intercomparison of global NPP models provides an effective tool to check model consistency. For this study, we tested the assumption that water availability is the primary limiting factor of NPP in global terrestrial biospheric models. We compared a water balance coefficient (WBC), calculated as the difference of mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration to NPP for each grid cell (0.5° × 0.5° longitude/latitude) in each of 14 models. We also evaluated different approaches used for introducing water budget limitations on NPP: (1) direct physiological control on evapotranspiration through canopy conductance; (2) climatological computation of constraints from supply/demand for ecosystem productivity; and (3) water limitation inferred from satellite data alone. Plots of NPP vs. WBC showed comparable patterns for the models using the same method for water balance limitation on NPP. While correlation plots revealed similar patterns for most global models, other environmental controls on NPP introduced substantial variability.  相似文献   

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Model‐based global projections of future land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) change are frequently used in environmental assessments to study the impact of LULC change on environmental services and to provide decision support for policy. These projections are characterized by a high uncertainty in terms of quantity and allocation of projected changes, which can severely impact the results of environmental assessments. In this study, we identify hotspots of uncertainty, based on 43 simulations from 11 global‐scale LULC change models representing a wide range of assumptions of future biophysical and socioeconomic conditions. We attribute components of uncertainty to input data, model structure, scenario storyline and a residual term, based on a regression analysis and analysis of variance. From this diverse set of models and scenarios, we find that the uncertainty varies, depending on the region and the LULC type under consideration. Hotspots of uncertainty appear mainly at the edges of globally important biomes (e.g., boreal and tropical forests). Our results indicate that an important source of uncertainty in forest and pasture areas originates from different input data applied in the models. Cropland, in contrast, is more consistent among the starting conditions, while variation in the projections gradually increases over time due to diverse scenario assumptions and different modeling approaches. Comparisons at the grid cell level indicate that disagreement is mainly related to LULC type definitions and the individual model allocation schemes. We conclude that improving the quality and consistency of observational data utilized in the modeling process and improving the allocation mechanisms of LULC change models remain important challenges. Current LULC representation in environmental assessments might miss the uncertainty arising from the diversity of LULC change modeling approaches, and many studies ignore the uncertainty in LULC projections in assessments of LULC change impacts on climate, water resources or biodiversity.  相似文献   

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为了探明西北半干旱区典型沙生植物油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)叶水平资源利用效率的相对变化及对环境因子的响应机制, 该研究于2018年5-10月, 使用LI-6400XT便携式光合仪测定了毛乌素沙地油蒿叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(E)、叶表面光合有效辐射(PARl)、叶表面温度(Tl)、叶表面相对湿度(RHl), 在实验室计算叶片单位面积氮含量(Narea), 分析了叶片氮利用效率(NUE)、水分利用效率(WUE)、光利用效率(LUE)与环境因子之间的关系及NUEWUELUE之间的相对变化。研究结果表明, 在充足且稳定光强下油蒿的Pn主要受温度的影响, NUEWUEVPDlTl之间具有显著负相关关系, NUEWUELUE间为正相关关系, NUEWUELUE最大值分别发生在5、7和9月, 分别为9.43 μmol CO2·g-1·s-1、3.86 mmol·mol-1、0.04 mol·mol-1, 资源利用效率的变化主要受Pn的影响。温度通过影响植物N分配来改变Pn, 进而影响着资源利用效率, WUELUE显著正相关, 对构建荒漠区生态系统能量交换过程模型有重要意义。  相似文献   

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  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2015,39(12):1156
Aims Ecosystem light use efficiency (LUE) reflects the ability of CO2 uptake and light utilization via photosynthesis, which is a key parameter in ecosystem models to evaluate ecosystem productivity. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare the differences of LUE derived from different methods; (2) elucidate the seasonal dynamics of LUE and its regulatory factors; and (3) evaluate the maximum LUE (LUEmax) and its variability based on eddy-covariance (EC) flux.Methods Using the flux data from an EC tower during 2003-2005 at a broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest, Changbai Mountain, two types of LUE indicators were generated from: 1) the apparent quantum yield (ε) estimated with rectangular hyperbolic curve, and 2) the ecological light use efficiency (LUEeco) calculated as the ratio between gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and photosynthetically-active radiation (Q).Important findings The seasonal variation of ε and LUEeco appeared a unimodal pattern within a year, with the variations significantly dominated by soil surface temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A positive correlation between GEP and LUE was found for both ε and LUEeco, with the effect of Q on LUE relatively weak. The increase in diffusion radiation appeared favorable for enhanced LUE. Generally, there was a significant positive relationship between ε and LUEeco, while ε was higher than LUEeco, especially during the mid-season. The annual maximum value of ε and LUEeco was (0.087 ± 0.003) and (0.040 ± 0.002) μmol CO2·μmol photon-1 over the three years, respectively. The interannual variability of LUEmax for ε and LUEeco was 4.17% and 4.25%, respectively, with a maximum difference of >8%, likely resulted from considerable uncertainty in model simulations. Our results indicated that the inversion and optimization of maximum LUE should be taken seriously in the application of LUE models.  相似文献   

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遥感在植被净第一性生产力研究中的应用   总被引:33,自引:7,他引:33  
植被净第一性生产力 (简称NPP)是指绿色植物在单位面积、单位时间内所累计的有机物数量 ,是由光合作用所产生的有机质总量中扣除自养呼吸后的剩余部分。它直接反映了植物群落在自然环境条件下的生产能力。据研究 ,在假使生态系统的呼吸作用保持恒定的条件下 ,植被NPP每增长 2 %就会净吸收 1Gt(10 15t)的C(碳物质 ) [3 8] 。所以 ,近几年来各国学者对NPP的研究倍受重视 ,尤其在国际生物学计划 (IBP)期间进行了大量的植物NPP的测定 ,并以测定资料为基础联系环境因子建立模型对植被NPP的区域分布进行评估 ,极大地促进了…  相似文献   

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生态系统光能利用率(LUE)反映了植被通过光合作用利用光能吸收和固定大气中CO2的能力, 是表征生态系统生产力的重要指标。选取长白山温带阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林生态系统为研究对象, 利用涡度相关通量观测数据, 采用直角双曲线方程获取了生态系统光合作用的表观量子效率(ε); 基于总生态系统初级生产力(GEP)与下垫面入射光合有效辐射(Q)的比值得到生态光能利用率(LUEeco)。研究表明: 在季节尺度上, εLUEeco均表现出显著的单峰变化特征, 并主要受到土壤温度和归一化植被指数(NDVI)的调控, 同时, εLUEeco都受到GEP的显著影响, 而与Q的相关性较弱或无显著相关关系, 但散射辐射的增加在一定程度上有助于提高生态系统的LUEεLUEeco存在显著的线性正相关关系, 但ε明显高于LUEeco。2003-2005年, εLUEeco每年最大值的平均值分别为(0.087 ± 0.003)和(0.040 ± 0.002) μmol CO2·μmol photon-1, 年际间变异度分别为4.17%和4.25%, 而不同年份之间最大差异均达到8%或8%以上, 从而对模型模拟结果产生明显影响。因此, 在基于光能利用率模型的模拟研究中, 最大LUE的年际变异需要在参数反演和优化中给予重要考虑。  相似文献   

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苹果三维树冠的净光合速率分布模拟   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
高照全  赵晨霞  张显川  冯社章 《生态学报》2012,32(21):6688-6694
构建三维树冠光合模型可模拟出叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和光能利用效率(LUE)在树冠内的三维分布。以17年生纺锤形\"富士\"苹果树(Malus domestica Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji’)为试材,通过实测确定三维树冠内叶片和辐射分布,根据不同部位叶片最大光合速率经验公式模拟叶片Pn 在三维树冠空间内分布,并据2007-2009年测定数据拟合相关模型参数。模拟表明,苹果树冠叶片Pn 和辐射的三维分布相似,在树冠上部Pn 三维分布比较平缓,然后随辐射的减少而迅速降低。高辐射条件下(PAR=1500 μmol·m-2·s-1),从树冠上部3 m处降到到1 m,平均相对辐射从71.18%降到8.05%,减少了89%,叶片平均Pn从15.05 μmol·m-2·s-1降到1.92 μmol·m-2·s-1,减少了87%。单位体积小室内的总净光合速率大小主要取决于叶面积密度,部分取决于PnGs三维分布与Pn相似,而LUE分布与辐射相反,中下部高,上部低。根据光合机理模型、树冠内辐射和叶面积三维分布可模拟出苹果三维树冠内叶片的PnGs和LUE分布,该模型参数少,可方便用于其它果树三维光合模型构建和果树整形修剪研究。  相似文献   

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方浩玲  程先富  秦丽 《生态学报》2024,44(4):1601-1612
定量估算植被净初级生产力(NPP)对预测陆地碳循环趋势具有重要意义,目前广泛应用于NPP估算的CASA模型其精度仍有待提高。在已有CASA模型优化的基础上,考虑最大光能利用率(LUEmax)的动态变化来改进CASA模型,对改进前后的模拟结果进行比较,并利用改进后的模型估算2001—2020年安徽省植被NPP。结论如下:(1)改进的CASA模型可应用于研究区的植被NPP估算,NPP模拟值与实测值之间的相关性达到显著水平(R2=0.736,P<0.01)。(2)改进后模拟的安徽省植被NPP在空间表达上能够呈现更多细节,时间上较改进前在生长季NPP值更高,非生长季值更低,拉大了NPP的年内变化。(3)2001—2020年安徽省植被NPP整体呈波动上升趋势,多年平均值为547.61 gC m-2 a-1,年均增长量达2.18 gC m-2 a-1,2016—2020年间NPP增长最快。年内NPP具有明显的季节差异,表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬...  相似文献   

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The use of the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) as a promising proxy of light use efficiency (LUE) has been extensively studied, and some issues have been identified, notably the sensitivity of PRI to leaf pigment composition and the variability in PRI response to LUE because of stress. In this study, we introduce a method that enables us to track the short‐term PRI response to LUE changes because of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) changes. The analysis of these short‐term relationships between PRI and LUE throughout the growing season in two species (Quercus robur L. and Fagus sylvatica L.) under two different soil water statuses showed a clear change in PRI response to LUE, which is related to leaf pigment content. The use of an estimated or approximated PRI0, defined as the PRI of perfectly dark‐adapted leaves, allowed us to separate the PRI variability due to leaf pigment content changes and the physiologically related PRI variability over both daily (PAR‐related) and seasonal (soil water content‐related) scales. The corrected PRI obtained by subtracting PRI0 from the PRI measurements showed a good correlation with the LUE over both of the species, soil water statuses and over the entire growing season.  相似文献   

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氮肥运筹对小麦产量、氮素利用效率和光能利用率的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
连续2年在西南冬麦区的重庆、仁寿、广汉、西昌4个地点,开展3种施氮水平(每公顷纯氮0、120、180 kg,简写为N0、N120、N180)和3种氮肥分配模式(NA:底肥100%;NB:底肥70%+苗肥30%;NC:底肥60%+拔节肥40%)的田间试验,监测小麦花后冠层叶片SPAD值、群体光合速率(CAP)、光能利用等生理参数和籽粒产量,计算氮素利用效率、光能利用率等.结果表明: 随施氮水平增加,小麦上三叶SPAD值、CAP、光合有效辐射(PAR)截获率和产量均呈增加趋势,而氮肥农学利用效率、生产效率、吸收效率和利用效率呈降低趋势.氮肥后移的增效作用因施氮水平而异,SPAD于N180增效明显,而CAP于N120增效明显,不同氮肥管理模式的光能利用率因地点而异.氮肥后移能明显提高小麦氮肥农学效率、生产效率、吸收效率和氮素表观回收率,但氮肥利用效率则略有减少.氮肥后移效果NC总体优于NB处理.不同地点比较,广汉的SPAD值、CAP、PAR截获率、氮肥利用参数较高,其产量也相应最高;西昌的产量、SPAD值及氮素利用效率较高,但其光能利用率和CAP较低;重庆和仁寿的SPAD值、光能利用率及氮素利用效率均较低,其产量也最低.小麦生物产量与各地点的籽粒产量、CAP、SPAD值和PAR累积截获量均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系.表明不同生态区域增施氮肥都能促进小麦增产,氮肥后移可进一步优化产量结构、改善氮肥和光能利用效率,但存在年份和地点差异,各地需要制定有针对性的氮肥管理模式.  相似文献   

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周颖  张泽文  温烁  孙赫  刘强 《应用生态学报》2021,32(5):1690-1698
以河北省塞罕坝机械林场华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,比较潜在最大光能利用效率(LUEmax)、潜在最有效光照强度(PARe)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)在树冠不同垂直位置和不同物候期的差异,并分析其主要影响因素.结果表明:LUEmax在树冠垂直方向随着冠层深度的增加而增大,PARe、LCP和LSP则随冠层深度...  相似文献   

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The response of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare, cvs Carnival and Atem), faba beans (Vicia faba, cv. Maris Bead), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, cv. Monoire), forage maize (Zea mays, cv. Leader), forage peas (Pisum sativum, cv. Poneka) and white turnip (Brassica campestris, cv. Barkant) to topsoil compaction was investigated in a three year trial. Soil compaction was induced by tractor wheeling after crop sowing. Compaction reduced leaf area and dry matter accumulation in all crops in every season. Yield of barley was reduced by 29%, 27% and 40% in 1984, 1986 and 1987 respectively. Yield of maize, peas and turnip decreased by 33%, 14% and 13% in 1986 and 25%, 16% and 19% in 1987. Yields of beans and sugar beet were decreased by 34% and 35% respectively in 1984. Light interception was decreased in all crops in all three years of study but, with the exception of maize in 1987, the efficiency of conversion of radiant energy to dry matter was not significantly affected by soil compaction. It is concluded that reduced dry matter production and yield due to soil compaction was more a consequence of reduced light interception because of restricted leaf area development rather than as a result of an impaired ability of crops to utilise intercepted radiant energy.  相似文献   

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Previous leaf‐scale studies of carbon assimilation describe short‐term resource‐use efficiency (RUE) trade‐offs where high use efficiency of one resource requires low RUE of another. However, varying resource availabilities may cause long‐term RUE trade‐offs to differ from the short‐term patterns. This may have important implications for understanding canopy‐scale resource use and allocation. We used continuous gas exchange measurements collected at five levels within a Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) karst., canopy over 3 years to assess seasonal differences in the interactions between shoot‐scale resource availability (light, water and nitrogen), net photosynthesis (An) and the use efficiencies of light (LUE), water (WUE) and nitrogen (NUE) for carbon assimilation. The continuous data set was used to develop and evaluate multiple regression models for predicting monthly shoot‐scale An. These models showed that shoot‐scale An was strongly dependent on light availability and was generally well described with simple one‐ or two‐parameter models. WUE peaked in spring, NUE in summer and LUE in autumn. However, the relative importance of LUE for carbon assimilation increased with canopy depth at all times. Our results suggest that accounting for seasonal and within‐canopy trade‐offs may be important for RUE‐based modelling of canopy carbon uptake.  相似文献   

20.
曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率及溶氧胁迫对其体内酶活力的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用Winkler法测定水中溶氧含量,通过比较对照呼吸室与试验呼吸室水中溶解氧含量之差确定曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率及窒息点,并在不同程度的溶氧胁迫下测定乌贼体内多种酶的活力变化.结果表明:曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率呈明显的“高-低-高-低”昼夜变化;耗氧率与水温(16 ℃~28 ℃)和光照(3~500 μmol·m-2·s-1)呈正相关,与pH值(6.25~9.25)呈负相关;随着盐度的升高(18.1~29.8),乌贼耗氧率呈“高-低-高”变化,盐度为24.8时耗氧率最低;雌性乌贼耗氧率高于雄性.窒息点随乌贼的体质量增加而降低,平均体质量为(38.70±0.52) g的乌贼窒息点为(0.9427±0.0318) mg·L-1.随着溶氧胁迫程度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活力均先升后降,脂肪酶活力下降,蛋白酶活力呈“降-升-降”变化;乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活力呈先升后降趋势,但溶氧胁迫下的酶活力比正常时要高.  相似文献   

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