八仙花离体培养和植株再生

1 植物名称八仙花(Hydrangea macrophylla). 　　2 材料类别带腋芽茎段、顶芽. 　　3 培养条件诱导培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.5 mg*L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01 3%蔗糖.增殖培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.1 3%蔗糖.瓶内生根培养基:(3)1/2MS NAA 0.1 1.5%蔗糖.上述培养基均附加0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0.瓶外生根基质:(4)珍珠岩∶蛭石＝1∶1.培养温度23～27℃,光照时间12 h*d-1,光照度1 500～2 000 lx.……     

白掌的组织培养及快速繁殖

1 植物名称白掌 (Spathiphyllum floribundum). 　　2 材料类别肉穗花序. 　　3 培养条件以MS为基本培养基.愈伤组织诱导及分化培养基为:(1)MS 6-BA 1 mg*L-1(单位下同),(2)MS 6-BA 1 NAA 0.5,(3)MS 6-BA 2 NAA 0.5.继代培养基为:(3)MS 6-BA 2 NAA 0.5, (4)MS 6-BA 2.生根培养基为:(5)1/2MS NAA 1.上述培养基均添加2%蔗糖和0.45%琼脂.培养基pH为5.8,培养温度为22～28℃,光照度1 500～2 000 lx,光照时间8～10 h*d-1,空气相对湿度70%～80%. 　　……     

蚊净香草的离体培养和植株再生

1 植物名称蚊净香草(Pelargonium odoratissmum). 　　2 材料类别一年生幼苗的叶片. 　　3 培养条件诱导芽培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.3～0.6 mg*L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.3～0.6; (2)MS 6-BA 0.2 NAA 0.2; (3)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.2.芽增殖培养基:(4)1/2MS 6-BA 0.3～0.6 NAA 0.3～0.6.生根培养基:(5)1/2MS; (6)1/2MS NAA 0.5; (7)1/4MS; (8)1/4MS AC 0.5%.以上培养基琼脂含量皆为0.75%,芽诱导培养基中蔗糖均为2.5%,生根培养基中蔗糖均为2.0%, pH 5.0～5.8.培养时温度为(25 2)℃,光照12～14 h*d-1,光照度2 000 lx.……     

矮牵牛"Wafe"的组织培养及快速繁殖

1 植物名称矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida) 美国进口垂吊品种:“Wafe“. 　　2 材料类别叶片. 　　3 培养条件以MS为基本培养基.(1)启动培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 mg*L-1 (单位下同) NAA 0.2; (2)增殖继代培养基:MS 6-BA 3.0 NAA 0.1; (3)生根培养基:MS NAA 2.0 6-BA 0.1. 以上培养基(1)、(2)均附加3%蔗糖,培养基(3)附加2%蔗糖,0.25%活性炭,pH 6.0.培养温度为有光照25℃,无光照20℃,光照时间12 h*d-1,光照度1 500～2 000 lx. 　　……     

香花槐的组织培养及快速繁殖

1 植物名称香花槐(Robinia idaho). 　　2 材料类别嫩芽. 　　3 培养条件诱导培养基:(1)1/2MS 6-BA 0.5～2 mg*L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.05～0.5.不定芽增殖培养基:(2)1/2MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.05.生根培养基:(3)1/3MS NAA 0.05;(4)1/4MS NAA 0.05.以上培养基的琼脂和蔗糖含量分别为0.7%和3%,pH 5.8.培养温度23～28℃,光照时间12 h*d-1,光照度1 200 lx. 　　……     

爱沙木的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称爱沙木(Eremophila bignoniiflora). 2材料类别无菌萌发的无根种子苗. 3培养条件种子萌发培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 1.0mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1.分化培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.1;(3)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA0.1;(4)MS 6-BA 2.0 IBA 0.01;(5)MS 6-BA0.5 IBA 0.01.壮苗培养基:(6)MS.生根培养基:(7)1/2MS NAA 0.1 1%活性炭;(8)1/2MS NAA0.2 1%活性炭;(9)1/2MS IBA 0.01 1%活性炭;(10)1/2MS IBA 0.02 1%活性炭.以上除生根培养基加入20g·L-1蔗糖外均加入30 g·L-1蔗糖、7g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.6～5.8.光照12 h·d-1,光照度1 500～2000 lx,培养温度23～25℃.     

细裂银叶菊的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称细裂银叶菊(Senecio cineraria‘SilverDust'). 2材料类别带芽茎段、顶芽. 3培养条件 (1)诱导培养基:MS 6-BA1.0mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1 3%蔗糖;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0～0.1 1.5%蔗糖.上述培养基均附加0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度23～27℃,光照时间12 h·d-1,光照度1 500～2 000 lx.     

库拉索芦荟的组织培养和植株快速生根

1 植物名称库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera var. chinensis). 　　2 材料类别顶芽或无木质化的茎段. 　　3 培养条件芽诱导培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 2 mg*L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.2.不定芽增殖、分化培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 1 NAA 0.1～0.2.快速生根培养基:(3)1/10大量元素(MS其它含量不变) NAA 0.2.以上培养基均含0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8,培养基(1)、(2)含3%蔗糖,培养基(3)含2%蔗糖.培养温度20～27℃,光照10～12 h*d-1,光照度1 500 lx. 　　……     

瓶儿花的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称瓶儿花(Cestrum purpureum). 2材料类别带芽茎段. 3培养条件(1)初代培养基:MS 6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1 3%蔗糖;(3)生根培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.5 1.5%蔗糖.上述培养基均附加0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间为12 h·d-1,光强30～40μmol·m-2·s-1.     

白花蛇舌草的组织培养和植株再生

1 植物名称白花蛇舌草(Hedyotis diffusa). 2 材料类别带顶芽或腋芽的茎段,取自本校花圃. 3 培养条件诱导培养基:(1)MS+NAA 0.2 mg*L-1(单位下同)+6-BA 2.0;(2)MS+NAA 0.5+6-BA 2.0;(3)MS+NAA 1.0+6-BA 2.0;(4)MS+NAA 2.0+6-BA 2.0;(5)MS+NAA 2.0+6-BA 1.0;(6)MS+NAA 2.0+6-BA 0.5;(7)MS+NAA 2.0+6-BA 0.2.丛生芽增殖培养基:(8)MS+6-BA 3.0+NAA 0.1.壮苗培养基:(9)MS+6-BA 2.0+IBA 0.5.生根培养基(10)1/2MS+NAA 0.5.以上培养基均附加蔗糖30 g*L-1,琼脂7 g *L-1,pH 5.8,培养温度(25±2)℃,光照12 h*d-1,光照度1 500～2 000 lx.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism