Different Roles for Tet1 and Tet2 Proteins in Reprogramming-Mediated Erasure of Imprints Induced by EGC Fusion

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Highlights? EGCs can erase DNA methylation at ICRs in somatic cells after fusion ? EGCs selectively induce 5hmC accumulation at ICRs in the somatic genome ? Conversion of 5mC to 5hmC at these imprinted domains requires Tet1 ? Tet2 depletion results in delayed reprogramming by EGCs     

Dynamics of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and Chromatin Marks in Mammalian Neurogenesis

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Highlights? 5hmC levels increase in neuronal function-related genes during neurogenesis ? 5hmC gain is accompanied by H3K27me3 loss at promoters and gene bodies ? Gain of 5hmC is not associated with substantial DNA demethylation ? Polycomb and Tet protein together promote proper progression of neurogenesis     

Stage-Specific Roles for Tet1 and Tet2 in DNA Demethylation in Primordial Germ Cells

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Highlights? PGCs differentiated from ESCs undergo genome-wide DNA demethylation ? Tet1 and Tet2 do not regulate genome-wide DNA demethylation in PGCs ? Tet1 and Tet2 regulate locus-specific demethylation in PGCs     

High-Resolution Enzymatic Mapping of Genomic 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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Highlights? Enzymatic mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA at near-base resolution ? Accurately identifies low level 5hmC in CG and non-CG contexts ? A low amount of input DNA can be used for whole-genome 5hmC mapping ? Independent of bisulphite or other chemical conversion     

Tet Proteins Connect the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine Transferase Ogt to Chromatin in Embryonic Stem Cells

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Highlights? Ogt forms a complex with Tet1 and Tet2 in the nucleus of embryonic stem cells ? Ogt preferentially associates with promoter regions in proximity of TSS ? Ogt shows >90% of colocalization with Tet1 at methylation-free CpG-rich elements ? Tet1 is required for global Ogt chromatin recruitment regulating its activity     

Macrohistone Variants Preserve Cell Identity by Preventing the Gain of H3K4me2 during Reprogramming to Pluripotency

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Highlights? Macrohistone variants are regulated during reprogramming and differentiation ? The levels of macrohistone variants modulate the efficiency of reprogramming ? MacroH2A.1 occupies pluripotency and differentiation genes in keratinocytes ? MacroH2A.1 occupancy prevents the gain of H3K4me2 during reprogramming     

ALKBH5 Is a Mammalian RNA Demethylase that Impacts RNA Metabolism and Mouse Fertility

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Highlights? ALKBH5 is a mammalian m⁶A RNA demethylase ? RNA demethylation affects mRNA export and RNA metabolism ? RNA demethylation is important for mouse fertility ? Reversible mammalian messenger RNA methylation affects gene expression     

LSD2/KDM1B and Its Cofactor NPAC/GLYR1 Endow a Structural and Molecular Model for Regulation of H3K4 Demethylation

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Highlights? Identifying NPAC as a novel LSD2 cofactor stimulating H3K4 demethylation ? Structure determination of LSD2 alone or in complex with NPAC and histone H3 peptide ? Defining the key NPAC residues essential for its intrinsic LSD2 cofactor activity ? Establishing a molecular model for how a cofactor regulates histone demethylation     

Streamlining genomes: toward the generation of simplified and stabilized microbial systems

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Highlights? Top-down and bottom-up approaches to genome streamlining. ? Computational support for constructing and refactoring streamlined genomes. ? From genome engineering to metabolic reprogramming. ? Perspectives in applied genome engineering.     

ESCs Require PRC2 to Direct the Successful Reprogramming of Differentiated Cells toward Pluripotency

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Highlights? Mouse pluripotent cells reprogram human B cells in heterokaryons ? ESCs lacking PRC1 or PRC2 cannot successfully reprogram ? Failure of PRC1/2-deficient ESCs to reprogram is functionally dominant ? PRC1/2 play a critical role in the chromatin reorganization required for reprogramming     

The metabolic profile of tumors depends on both the responsible genetic lesion and tissue type

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Highlights? MYC and MET affect glucose and glutamine metabolism differently in the liver ? Tissue context affects the outcome of metabolic reprogramming by MYC ? MYC overexpression sensitizes cells to inhibition of Gls1 glutaminase     

Homologous Recombination DNA Repair Genes Play a Critical Role in Reprogramming to a Pluripotent State

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Highlights? Reprogramming increases the level of γH2AX, a marker of DNA DSBs ? Homologous recombination (HR) deficiency impairs reprogramming ? Reprogramming-induced DSBs and HR phenotypes are method-independent ? p53 deletion rescues reprogramming defects in HR-deficient cells     

Two distinct binding modes define the interaction of Brox with the C-terminal tails of CHMP5 and CHMP4B

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Highlights? CHMP5 binds and recruits Brox to membrane fractions through its C-terminal tail ? The CHMP5 C-terminal tail adopts a tandem β-hairpin structure ? The CHMP4B C-terminal tail α helix binds at a concave surface of Brox ? The CHMP5 β-hairpins and CHMP4B α helix bind the same surface at Brox     

The ROSA26-iPSC Mouse: A Conditional,Inducible, and Exchangeable Resource for Studying Cellular (De)Differentiation

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Highlights? Conditional and inducible reprogrammable mouse model presented ? Allows removal of the Yamanaka factors after reprogramming ? Fully and partially reprogrammed endothelial cells generated ? Lineage-directed differentiation of iPSCs toward beating cardiomyocytes     

Pou5f1-Dependent EGF Expression Controls E-Cadherin Endocytosis,Cell Adhesion,and Zebrafish Epiboly Movements

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Highlights? Pou5f1 regulates EGF expression during oogenesis ? EGFR signaling controls E-cadherin trafficking at blastula and gastrula stages ? E-cadherin subcellular trafficking controls adhesion and cell migration ? Dynamics of E-cadherin adhesion is essential for effective cell migration     

Fibronectin Regulates Wnt7a Signaling and Satellite Cell Expansion

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Highlights? Fzd7 and Sdc4 form a coreceptor complex in satellite cells ? FN stimulates Wnt7a activity through the Fzd7/Sdc4 coreceptor complex ? Activating satellite cells remodel their niche with FN ? FN regulates the satellite cell pool during muscle regeneration     

Incoming RNA Virus Nucleocapsids Containing a 5′-Triphosphorylated Genome Activate RIG-I and Antiviral Signaling

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Highlights? RIG-I is activated by the incoming RNA virus nucleocapsids during infection ? RIG-I activation requires a 5′triphosphate dsRNA structure on the nucleocapsids ? Viral nucleocapsids trigger conformational switching and oligomerization of RIG-I ? RIG-I directly binds to viral nucleocapsids containing a 5′triphosphate dsRNA structure     

Hypertrophy and unconventional cell division of hepatocytes underlie liver regeneration

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Highlights? Not all hepatocytes undergo cell division during liver regeneration ? Hypertrophy precedes proliferation in the regenerating liver ? Hepatocytes infrequently enter into M phase during liver regeneration ? Binuclear hepatocytes undergo cell division to generate mononuclear hepatocytes