长山列岛南部三岛岩相潮间带群落多样性格局

对长山列岛南部南长山、北长山和大黑山岛屿岩相潮间带群落种类组成的调查表明,3岛屿岩礁潮间带的群落结构差异不大,表现在决定群落结构和外貌的前5位优势种群及其优势度序列基本相同;而砾石潮间带的群落结构存在一定差异,表现在北长山群落中优势种群及其优势度序列显著地区别于南长山和大黑山,但后二者趋同-3岛屿岩礁潮间带的景观和群落外貌与结构由东方小藤壶(Chthamalus chal-lengeri)、牡蛎（Ostrea spp.)、大型藻类和短滨螺(Littorina breuicula)控制,砾石潮间带则由东方小藤壶、大型藻类和平背蜞（Gaetice depressus)决定．群落多样性由物种丰富度(R)、均匀度(J)和多样性(HB、Hlv、DR、DIv)衡量,3岛屿岩礁潮间带群落的各种多样性指数呈现一致性,群落多样性以北长山最高,大黑山最低;而砾石潮间带群落的各种多样性指数存在一定差异,南长山高于北长山和大黑山,北长山潮间带群落中物种分布的均匀度最高,南长山和大黑山趋同．比较3岛屿两种基质潮间带的群落多样性发现,砾石潮间带高于岩礁潮间带。     

浙南岛屿岩相潮间带石鳖的群落结构

研究了浙南岛屿岩相潮间带石鳖的群落结构。用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）、Pielous种类均匀度（J）、Margalef种类丰度（d)、Berger-Parker优势度指数（I）4个测定群落种类多样性指标进行数值分析,结果表明,水平变化,H′值为北麂的关帝山最大、七星岛最小,J值为洞头的鸽尾礁最大、七星岛最小,d值为南麂的马祖岙口和北麂的海利相对较大、北麂的筲箕屿最小,I值为七星岛最大、洞头的鸽尾礁最小;垂直变化,潮区由高到低,H′、J和d值呈逐渐增大的趋势,I值中潮区开始则逐渐变小;季节变化,H′、J、d值为春季＞夏季＞秋季＞冬季,I值则相反。用Bray-Curtis群落相似性系数聚类分析,浙南岛屿潮间带石鳖群落可聚为两大类型。温度、潮汐、海岸开敞度、浪击度和空间异质性是影响石鳖群落结构的主要因素。     

嵊泗列岛潮间带群落生态学研究Ⅰ．岩相潮间带底栖生物群落组成及季节变化

对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物群落的研究表明,受盐度及海岸开敞度影响,该列岛岩相潮间带生活着低盐性、广盐性及高盐性３种类型群落．多毛类数量,从西部到东部呈逐渐增加的趋势,软体动物密度和生物量顺序分别为ＳＳ４＞ＨＬ３＞ＳＪ２＞ＤＹ１和ＤＹ１＞ＳＪ２＞ＨＬ３＞ＳＳ４;甲壳动物分别为ＤＹ１＞ＳＪ２＞ＨＬ３＞ＳＳ４和ＳＳ４＞ＨＬ３＞ＳＪ２＞ＤＹ１;藻类生物量顺序为ＨＬ３＞ＳＳ４＞ＳＪ２＞ＤＹ１．垂直分布上,多毛类数量,断面ＤＹ１及ＳＪ２为中湖区＞低潮区＞高潮区,断面ＨＬ３及ＳＳ４为低潮区＞中潮区＞高潮区;软体动物、甲壳动物和藻类生物量顺序均为中潮区＞低潮区＞高潮区．藻类生物量一般以春秋季最高,夏季较低;底栖动物生物量,ＤＹ１以夏秋季生物量较大,冬季最小,ＳＪ２、ＨＬ３分别以春秋生物量最大,ＳＪ２以冬季最小,ＨＬ３以春季最小．     

嵊泗列岛潮间带群落生态学研究Ⅱ.岩相潮间带底栖动物的群落结构

用Shannon-Wiever多样性指数、Pielous种类均匀度、Margalef种类丰度、McNaushton优势度4个测定群落种类多样性指标进行数值分析.结果表明,嵊泗列岛从近岸到外海.H'(S)、J、d值呈现逐渐增加的趋势.而D值则有逐渐减小的趋势;各断面多样性指数H'(S)以春、秋季较高,J值则基本上以春、冬季稍高,d值则随断面的不同有差异,D值基本上以夏、秋季为高用Whiftaker和Fairbanks群落系数计算公式及Bray-Curtis群落相似性指数进行群落相似性及聚类分析,结果表明,嵊泗列岛潮间带底栖动物群落结构可聚为两大类型,从结构上看.近外海底栖动物群落为近岸及外海群落的过渡类型.     

嵊泗列岛潮间带群落生态学研究Ⅱ.岩相潮间带底栖动物的群落结构

用Shannon－Wiever多样性指数、Pielous种类均匀度、Margalef种类丰度、McNaushton优势度4个测定群落种类多样性指标进行数值分析．结果表明,嵊泗列岛从近岸到外海．H’（S）、J、d值呈现逐渐增加的趋势．而D值则有逐渐减小的趋势;各断面多样性指数H’（S）以春、秋季较高,J值则基本上以春、冬季稍高,d值则随断面的不同有差异,D值基本上以夏、秋季为高用Whiftaker和Fairbanks群落系数计算公式及Bray-Curtis群落相似性指数进行群落相似性及聚类分析,结果表明,嵊泗列岛潮间带底栖动物群落结构可聚为两大类型,从结构上看．近外海底栖动物群落为近岸及外海群落的过渡类型．     

中街山列岛岩相潮间带大型底栖动物的群落格局

于2006年9月和2007年7月在中街山列岛4个有居民海岛岩相潮间带设立8个断面,对大型底栖动物的群落结构进行了调查。共获得大型底栖动物34种,其中腔肠动物1种,环节动物3种,甲壳动物10种,软体动物20种。优势种有日本笠藤壶(Tetraclita japonica)、紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)和节蝾螺(Turb articulatus)等4种。以季节和站位为因子对多样性指数进行双因素方差分析,结果表明只有夏、秋季丰富度指数(P=0.028)存在显著差异,其他指数的方差分析没有显著差异(P>0.05)。3个潮带4个岛屿共12个站位的聚类分析和MDS标序分析表明,12个群落可分为3组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组)。大型底栖动物ABC曲线分析表明底栖动物群落尚未受到干扰。     

连云港海岸岩相潮间带海葵的多样性及生物量

研究了连云港海岸岩相潮间带海葵的分布多样性及生物量。结果表明,海葵的水平分布多样性和生物量与盐度、干扰、海岸开敞度有关;垂直分布多样性和生物量与种类抗干燥度、浪击度、潮汐和食物有关;岩石的空间异质性对海葵的分布多样性具有一定的影响。     

黄河口潮间带沉积物细菌群落结构特征

选取黄河口潮间带有植被覆盖和无植被覆盖两个区域采集柱状沉积物,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术和高通量测序技术分析有无植被覆盖沉积物中的细菌群落特征和功能差异,探究影响潮间带细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。结果显示,细菌丰度在有植被区域大于无植被区域。沉积物中细菌群落丰富度和多样性在有植被区域随深度的增加而增加,而在无植被区域其最高值出现在沉积物中层（14-16 cm）。两个区域在门分类水平上以变形菌（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌（Chloroflexi）、放线菌（Actinobacteria）和酸杆菌（Acidobacteria）为主;属分类水平上的优势类群为芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）、苍白杆菌（Ochrobactrum）、拟无枝菌酸菌（Amycolatopsis）和鞘脂单胞菌（Sphingomonas）等。相关性分析发现盐度和亚硝酸盐浓度对细菌群落多样性和丰富度影响显著。功能预测分析表明,有植被区域沉积物细菌在氨基酸代谢、膜运输和碳水化合物代谢方面功能活跃,而无植被区域细菌则在核酸复制和修复、能量代谢过程方面更为活跃。     

大亚湾核电站邻近水域马氏珠母贝的种群生态

１９９３年７月－１９９４年１２月,在大亚湾东山珍珠养殖场进行马氏珠母贝的生长和死亡率研究,结果表明：中、小贝种群个体大小组成呈正态分布,进入中贝以后,正态分布不明显。小贝生长快,壳高增幅大,死亡率较低,中贝以后,生长较慢,死亡率较高。     

BUCEPHALID TREMATODE INFECTIONS IN MYTILID BIVALVES FROM THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL OF SOUTHERN CHILE

Bucephalid trematode sporocysts were found embedded amidst themantle tissue and viseral mass of intertidal mytilid bivalvesfrom Southern Chile. An investigation into the prevalence ofinfection revealed that <1% of Perumytilus purpuratus wereinfected whereas 20–32% of the Semimytilus algosus examinedharboured sporocysts. No sporocysts were found in an adjacentpopulation of Choromytilus chorus. Prevalence of infection wasrelated to size of S. algosus present at a particular site,and generally increased with host size. The majority of parasitizedmussels appeared to be at an advanced stage of infection, inthese animals destruction of the host's gonadal tissue was evident.Such parasitic castration combined with high prevalence of infectionsuggests that the reproductive potential of this mytilid maybe severely impaired. The implications of these results forthe mariculture industry are also discussed. (Received 19 February 1991; accepted 11 June 1991)     

大亚湾美洲拟菱形藻复合群的形态学观察

拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia)是一类常见的海洋微藻,它属于硅藻门,羽纹纲,管壳缝目,菱形藻科.本属种类可以广泛分布在两极、温带、亚热带和热带海域.     

PATTERNS OF ALGAL SUCCESSION IN A PERTURBATED MARINE INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY1

Patterns of algal succession for a sewage-polluted and an unpolluted habitat near Wilson Cove, San Clemente Island, California, were studied from December 1974 to June 1977. Resident populations were analyzed for 56 fully denuded and 34 undisturbed control quadrats during 11 assessment periods. The denuded quadrats in the perturbated (polluted) habitat showed recovery within 1.0 mo as determined by cover, percent similarity and species diversity comparisons with control plots. The short recovery times of the algal populations dominating the perturbated habitat indicate that these species maintain relatively constant overall abundances due to their potential for rapid recruitment and growth. Denuded quadrats in the unpolluted habitat did not show recovery even after 30.0 mo. These quadrats were dominated during the first 1.3 mo by algae characteristic of the perturbated area, including filamentous Ectocarpaceae, colonial diatoms and bluegreen algae. Petalonia fascia (Müll.) Kuntze (1.3–3.0 mo), and Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngb.)J. Ag. and Colpomenia sinuosa (Roth) Derb. & Sol. (1.3–5.0 mo) were abundant shortly following plot denudation and provided thick growths that may have excluded other algae. The similarity between the species occupying the sterilized plots during the first few months and those that provide the majority of cover in the perturbated area supports the hypothesis that the dominant algae of the upper and midintertidal regions of this habitat consist largely of early successional or opportunistic species with high capacities for growth and reproduction. Additionally, these experiments suggest that algal populations described for other perturbated epilithic systems also represent resilient subclimax associations.     

DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THREE POPULATIONS OF SIPHONARIA ON ROCKY INTERTIDAL SHORES IN HONG KONG

The pulmonate limpets Siphonaria japonica and Siphonana siriusoccur over a wide range of local habitat types in terms of exposureto wave action and salinity. This is a study of these two specieson three different shore types in Hong Kong, ranging from anextremely exposed, high salinity (32–35) shore at Caped'Aguilar to a sheltered, low salinity (16–33) shore atTai Lam Chung. Both species are restricted to the low shore,year round. S. japonica is a winter breeder and recruitmentoccurred between October and January. The recruitment of S.sirius could not be recognised from the size-frequency histograms.The algal standing crop at Tai Lam Chung was higher than atWu Kwai Sha during the winter period, i.e., between Octoberand April. Seasonal fluctuations in growth rate were recordedfor both Siphonaria species with the time of fastest growthoccurring in winter. S. japonica grew faster at Tai Lam Chungthan at Wu Kwai Sha. Food availability is thought to be an importantfactor affecting growth. (Received 17 September 1993; accepted 16 June 1994)     

烟台潮间带底栖无脊椎动物群落和多样性研究

每年１次连续７ａ夏季对烟台海滨沓间带的沙滩、泥沙滩、泥沙砾石滩及海港码头（岩石、泥沙底质）５种生境的无脊椎动物群落进行定时、定点取样调查。经鉴定共有无脊椎动物１２８种。经Ｂｅｒｇｅｒ－Ｐａｒｋｅｒ优势度指数测定,主要优势种为东方小藤壶Ｃｈｔｈａｍａｌｕｓ ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｒｉ、短滨螺Ｌｉｔｔｏｒｉｉｎａ ｂｒｅｖｉｃｕｌａ、异白樱蛤Ｍａｃｏｍａ ｉｎｃｏｎｇｒｕｓ、托氏昌螺Ｕｍｂｏｎｉｕｍ ｔｈ