肺音信号分析系统研制

本文研制的肺音信号检测与分析系统,具有肺音信号采集、肺音图显示、肺音信号的 时域分析等项功能。     

颞下颌关节紊乱患者关节液中MMP-3 和MMP-9表达的临床意义

目的:研究颞下颌关节紊乱(TMD)患者关节液中基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平变化及临床意义,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:选取2013年4月到2016年4月我院收治的TMD患者60例,根据患者病变程度分为炎性疾病组(n=21例)、结构紊乱组(n=18例)、骨关节病组(n=21例),另选取同期健康志愿者30例为对照组采集研究者的关节液标本并应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法检测关节液标本中MMP-3和MMP-9的水平。结果:骨关节病组MMP-3和MMP-9水平显著高于结构紊乱组、炎性疾病组和对照组,结构紊乱组、炎性疾病组显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),结构紊乱组与炎性疾病组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:关节液中MMP-3和MMP-9水平随着TMD病变程度增加而明显升高,能在一定程度上反应颞下颌关节病严重程度。     

牵张成骨联合正颌正畸技术治疗颞下颌关节强直的效果分析

目的：探讨联合采用牵张成骨以及正颌正畸技术治疗颞下颌关节强直的效果。方法：选取我院收治的50 例颞下颌关节强直 继发小下颌畸形患者,根据不同的手术方式将其分为观察组以及对照组,对照组仅采取正颌正畸治疗,观察组一期通过关节成形 术解除关节强直,完成正畸治疗后,二期采用牵张成骨以及颏成形术矫治小下颌畸形伴随OSAHS,术后进行8-35 月的随访,评价 治疗效果。结果：观察组的牵张距离、颏前移距离以及术后张口度均明显大于对照组,且最大张口度均大于20 mm,平均最大张口 度由术前的3.2 mm增加至术后的36.7 mm,P<0.05,观察组术后能够恢复正常咬合关系和咀嚼功能,两组患者术后的平均睡眠紊 乱指数（AH1）、LAST、后气道间隙（PAS）以及SNB 角度比较有统计学差异,P<0.05,观察组术后患者的OSAHS 症状均得到显著 的改善,未出现OSAHS复发情况。结论：牵张成骨联合正颌正畸技术治疗颞下颌关节强直可以获得满意的效果,可以很好的矫治 牙额面畸形,且能够有效改善伴发的OSAHS 症状。     

基于高阶累计量的肺音信号AR模型参数和双谱估计

根据肺音信号的非高斯随机特性,建立了肺胸系统非高斯AR模型.应用高阶累积量技术对肺音信号进行参数化双谱估计,并提取肺音源特征和肺胸系统传递函数.实验结果证实:肺音源由非高斯白噪声、周期脉冲序列和间歇性随机脉冲组成,肺胸系统相当于声低通滤波器,不同病理情况下的肺音双谱结构存在明显差异.该方法克服了肺音信号功率谱分析和经典双谱分析的缺陷与不足,可以为肺部疾病诊断提供更多和更客观的内在信息.     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠行为学及咀嚼肌肌电图的影响

目的：颞下颌关节紊乱病是口腔科的一种常见病和多发病,精神心理因素是颞下颌关节紊乱病的一个主要病因。本文通过观察睡眠剥夺对大鼠行为学及咀嚼肌肌电图的影响,探讨睡眠剥夺在颞下颌关节紊乱病发病中的作用。方法：35只Wistar大鼠,随机分为5组：睡眠剥夺1d组、5d组、9d组、正常对照组和大平台对照组。采用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法（modified multiple plat—formmethod,MMPM）建立大鼠SD模型,观察大鼠行为学及咀嚼肌肌电图的变化。结果：睡眠剥夺1d组和5d组在旷场实验水平得分和垂直得分上均高于对照组,而睡眠剥夺9d组均低于对照组;睡眠剥夺1d、5d和9d组在松弛状态和紧咬状态时颞肌前后束及咬肌的电位均明显高于对照组,且两侧无明显差别,同时,睡眠剥夺组双侧颞肌和咬肌的肌电图静息期较对照组显著延长。结论：睡眠剥夺可使大鼠行为学发生改变并对咀嚼肌肌电图造成影响,这可能是颞下颌关节紊乱病的病因之一,为我们对颞下颌关节紊乱病的预防和治疗提供了一定的理论指导。     

基于柯氏音识别法的自动血压测量系统

市场上的电子血压计一般均采用示波法,采用间接测量原理,其准确性难以提高。柯氏音法是血压测量的金标准,有望提高自动血压测量准确性,但柯氏音的降噪和识别是难题。因此,提出了基于柯氏音识别法的自动血压测量系统,该系统解决了降噪和识别的难题,通过对实时柯氏音信号的测试表明该系统可以有效地识别出柯氏音,得出收缩压和舒张压,识别精度高。且该系统成本低廉,测试实验均造作于Android系统的手机上,易于实现社区血压的健康管理和远程监控。     

新石器时代人骨颞下颌关节的研究

对宝鸡、华县新石器时代人骨22个成年个体的颞下颌关节进行研究。发现该时期人类中23％者存在髁状突和关节结节骨质的严重磨损、不对称磨损和不规则增生,认为这是由于强大的咀嚼压力所造成的继发性关节退行性变。颞下颌关节的测量结果表明,与现生人类相比较,新石器时代人类的髁状突较大,关节结节较高,关节凹较深,关节结节后斜面斜度较小,反映了人类进化过程中由于生活方式和口腔功能的改变颞下颌关节的变小和关节承压结构的减弱。     

关节灌洗术联合透明质酸钠注射治疗颞下颌关节骨关节炎的疗效观察

目的:评价关节腔灌洗联合透明质酸钠注射治疗颞下颌关节骨关节炎(TMJOA)的疗效及安全性。方法:选取我院2014年5月-2015年5月收治颞下颌关节骨关节炎患者68例作为研究对象,根据入院时间先后顺序按照随机数字表法随机分为实验组和对照组各34例。所有患者在颞颌关节区域局麻下建立关节上腔的双通道灌洗系统,实验组用生理盐水反复冲洗关节腔后注射透明质酸钠,对照组只进行关节腔灌洗术,术后随访对比两组治疗前、治疗后4周、6个月时患者非辅助最大开口度、侧向运动幅度、咀嚼时疼痛感;同时采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定两组治疗前、治疗后4周血清中白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平并进行比较。结果:实验组患者治疗后4周、治疗后6个月时颞下颌关节最大张口度和侧向活动距离明显增大,而咀嚼时疼痛感明显减轻,且优于同期对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者治疗后4周时血清IL-6、TNF-α水平较术前及同时期对照组均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:关节灌洗术联合透明质酸钠注射是治疗颞下颌关节骨关节炎的简单、安全有效治疗方法,治疗效果明显优于单纯关节腔灌洗,值得临床推广应用。     

不同咬合板接触点对颞下颌关节紊乱病咀嚼肌肌电的影响

目的:探讨不同咬合板接触点对颞下颌关节紊乱病(Tempromandibular disorders, TMD)咀嚼肌肌电的影响分析。方法:选取陕西中医药大学附属医院自2016年3月～2019年3月间收治的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者40例,按照佩戴咬合板接触点不同分为两组,A组(18例)咬合板与下前牙呈点状均匀接触;B组(22例)咬合板与对颌牙功能尖呈点状接触,对比佩戴前、后1个月时两组患者双侧颞肌前束(Temporal anterior, TA)和咬肌(Masseter muscle, MM)肌电电位变化。结果:静息状态戴咬合板前两组TA、MM两项指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05),戴板1个月后两组TA、MM指标均明显下降,组间对比B组患者TA显著高于A组,MM显著低于A组(P0.05);咬紧状态下戴板一个月后两组患者TA、MM值均明显升高(P0.05),组间对比A组TA、MM值略高于B组,但对比无统计学意义(P0.05);戴板后两组视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale, VAS)均明显下降,A组评分显著低于B组(P0.05)。结论:下前牙和舌侧平板呈点状均匀接触的咬合板治疗TMD可更好改善咬肌功能,缓解疼痛症状。     

咬合运动与注射醋酸泼尼松龙治疗滑膜炎的疗效比较

目的：比较咬合运动和关节下腔注射醋酸泼尼松龙治疗颞下颌关节滑膜炎的临床效果。方法：选择牙列完整、无第三磨牙阻生、符合颞下颌关节滑膜炎诊断标准的120例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。实验组行咬合运动,每次34个循环,每日3-4次,治疗周期为12个月;对照组给予醋酸泼尼松龙0．0125g＋0．5m12％利多卡因关节下腔注射一次,比较两种方法谛治爿效果。结果：实验组的60例患者均在治疗后1-2W疼痛消失,追踪3．12个月无复发。对照组的60例患者,2个周后有18。例无效,无效率为30％,两组比较其结果有显著性差异（P〈O．001）;3个月后有22例无效,无效率为36．67％,两组比较其结果有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。结论：咬合运动组的治疗效果显著高于醋酸泼尼松龙注射组,咬合运动能有效的治疗滑腱炎并减少患者的治疗痛苦。     

Proteomic signature of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD): Toward diagnostically predictive biomarkers

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articulates the mandible with the maxilla. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are dysfunctions of this joint, which range from acute to chronic inflammation, trauma and dislocations, developmental anomalies and neoplasia. TMD manifest as signs and symptoms that involve the surrounding muscles, ligaments, bones, synovial capsule, connective tissue, teeth and innervations proximal and distal to this joint. TMD induce proximal and distal, chronic and acute, dull or intense pain and discomfort, muscle spasm, clicking/popping sounds upon opening and closing of the mouth, and chewing or speaking difficulties. The trigeminal cranial nerve V, and its branches provide the primary sensory innervation to the TMJ. Our clinical work suggests that the auriculotemporal (AT) nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve, the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, plays a critical role in TMD sequelae. The AT nerve provides the somatosensory fibers that supply the joint, the middle ear, and the temporal region. By projecting fibers toward the otic ganglion, the AT nerve establishes an important bridge to the sympathetic system. As it courses posteriorly to the condylar head of the TMJ, compression, injury or irritation of the AT nerve can lead to significant neurologic and neuro-muscular disorders, including Tourette's syndrome,Torticolli, gait or balance disorders and Parkinson's disease. Here, we propose that a proteomic signature of TMD can be obtained by assessing certain biomarkers in local (e.g., synovial fluid at the joint) and distal body fluids (e.g., saliva, cerebrospinal fluid), which can aid TMD diagnosis and prognosis.     

Proteomic signature of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD): Toward diagnostically predictive biomarkers

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articulates the mandible with the maxilla. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are dysfunctions of this joint, which range from acute to chronic inflammation, trauma and dislocations, developmental anomalies and neoplasia. TMD manifest as signs and symptoms that involve the surrounding muscles, ligaments, bones, synovial capsule, connective tissue, teeth and innervations proximal and distal to this joint. TMD induce proximal and distal, chronic and acute, dull or intense pain and discomfort, muscle spasm, clicking/popping sounds upon opening and closing of the mouth, and chewing or speaking difficulties. The trigeminal cranial nerve V, and its branches provide the primary sensory innervation to the TMJ. Our clinical work suggests that the auriculotemporal (AT) nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve, the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, plays a critical role in TMD sequelae. The AT nerve provides the somatosensory fibers that supply the joint, the middle ear, and the temporal region. By projecting fibers toward the otic ganglion, the AT nerve establishes an important bridge to the sympathetic system. As it courses posteriorly to the condylar head of the TMJ, compression, injury or irritation of the AT nerve can lead to significant neurologic and neuro-muscular disorders, including Tourette''s syndrome,Torticolli, gait or balance disorders and Parkinson’s disease. Here, we propose that a proteomic signature of TMD can be obtained by assessing certain biomarkers in local (e.g., synovial fluid at the joint) and distal body fluids (e.g., saliva, cerebrospinal fluid), which can aid TMD diagnosis and prognosis.     

Relationship between symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and dental status, general health and psychosomatic factors in two cohorts of 70-year-old subjects

Objective: To study the prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in two cohorts of 70‐year‐old subjects examined 8 years apart and analyse the relationship between such symptoms and dental status, general health and various background factors. Materials and methods: Two cohorts of 70‐year‐old subjects, born in 1922 (n = 422) and 1930 (n = 491) respectively, were examined with an interval of 8 years. A TMD symptom index (0–5) was established on answers to five questions related to TMD symptoms. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two cohorts for prevalence of TMD symptoms and TMD index, neither for headache, neck ache, bruxism and chewing ability. TMJ sounds was the most prevalent symptom, 14%, whereas other TMD symptoms had low prevalence. The distribution of the TMD symptom index showed that 81% reported no symptoms, 15% one symptom, 3% two symptoms and 1% three to five symptoms. Single TMD symptoms and the TMD index exhibited significant associations (p < 0.001) with bruxism, headache, neck pain and several general health and psychosomatic factors, but with dental status only in women. Logistic regression showed that bruxism, neck pain, mouth dryness and a number of psychosomatic factors were associated with the TMD index. Conclusions: Besides TMJ sounds (14%), other TMD symptoms were rarely reported by the 70‐year‐old subjects. The TMD index was significantly associated with bruxism and several general health and psychosomatic complaints but with dental status only in women.     

基于盒维数的心音信号分形特征研究

在传统盒维数的基础上,从尺度变化的角度,提出一种计算心音信号时域波形分形维数的新的二进盒维数算法,并给出了算法思想和估算方法;然后用该方法对正常心音和几种典型的病态心音的分形维数进行计算,并对其分形特征进行了研究．研究结果表明：心音信号具有明显的分形特征,分形维数能够反映心音信号的复杂程度,并且能够明显地区分正常心音和病态心音．     

Regional and disease-related differences in properties of the equine temporomandibular joint disc

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders affect up to 12% of the human population, and naturally occurring TMJ diseases are increasingly recognized in animals. The TMJ disc plays a major role in TMJ disorders in people, but little is known about its role in TMJ pathology in animals. This study characterizes differences in properties of equine TMJ discs associated with age, disc region, and presence of TMJ osteoarthritis (OA). Discs were dissected from both TMJ’s of sixteen horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Each joint was grossly evaluated and scored as normal, mild OA, or severe OA. Samples from the rostral, caudal, lateral, central, and medial regions of the disc were subject to compressive testing, quantitative biochemistry, and histology. Samples from the lateral, central, and medial region were tested for tensile properties in the rostrocaudal and mediolateral directions. We found that the equine TMJ disc is highly anisotropic, and its glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and compressive stiffness vary between disc regions. The disc also exhibits increasing GAG content and compressive stiffness with increasing age. While equine TMJ disc properties are generally similar to other herbivores, greater compressive stiffness throughout the disc and greater GAG content in its rostral region suggest that mechanical demands on the TMJ disc differ between horses and other species. Importantly, a region-specific decrease in compressive stiffness was observed associated with joint disease and corresponded to cartilage erosions in the underlying condylar surface.     

Inhibition of Fibrous Adhesion Formation in the Temporomandibular Joint of Tenascin-C Knockout Mice

Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed in developing organs and tumors. It has been reported that TNC is expressed in inflamed synovial membranes and deformed discs of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. However, the role of TNC in TMJ is not fully known. In this study, the role of TNC in fibrous adhesion formation of TMJ was examined using TNC knockout (TNCKO) mice. Hypermobility was produced by excessive mouth opening method on the TMJ of both wild-type (WT) and TNCKO mice. TMJ wound healing was compared histologically, and the expression of TNC, fibronectin (FN), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the wounded TMJ was examined by immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses. Based on histologic analysis, fibrous adhesions were observed in the TMJ of both TNCKO and wild-type (WT) mice after excessive mouth opening. However, fibrous adhesion formation in TNCKO mice occurred later than in WT mice. TNC was expressed in the wounded TMJ disc and mandibular fossa. Although FN and α-SMA expression in the TMJ of TNCKO and WT mice was up-regulated after excessive mouth opening, FN and α-SMA protein levels were higher in WT mice at the same time points. In the wounded TMJ, TNC appears to enhance the expression of FN and α-SMA, and a lack of TNC may reduce fibrous adhesion formation in the TMJ. TNC plays an important role in TMJ wound healing, especially for wounds generated by mechanical stress.Key words: Temporomandibular joint, excessive mouth opening, fibrous adhesion, tenascin-C, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin     

Emerging intra-articular drug delivery systems for the temporomandibular joint

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases that cause progressive joint degeneration leading to chronic pain and reduced quality of life. Both effective pain reduction and restoration of TMJ function remain unmet challenges. Intra-articular injections of corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid are currently used to treat chronic pain, but these methods require multiple injections that increase the risk of iatrogenic joint damage and other complications. The small and emerging field of TMJ tissue engineering aims to reduce pain and disability through novel strategies that induce joint tissue regeneration. Development of methods for sustained, intra-articular release of growth factors and other pro-regenerative signals will be critical for the success of TMJ tissue engineering strategies. This review discusses methods of intra-articular drug delivery to the TMJ, as well as emerging injectable controlled release systems with potential to improve TMJ drug delivery, to encourage further research in the development of sustained release systems for both long-term pain management and to enhance tissue engineering strategies for TMJ regeneration.     

THE GUNSHOT SOUND PRODUCED BY MALE NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES (EUBALAENA GLACIALIS) AND ITS POTENTIAL FUNCTION IN REPRODUCTIVE ADVERTISEMENT

North Atlantic right whales ( Eubalaena glacialis ) make a short, distinctive broadband sound that is produced internally called a Gunshot sound. This sound has been recorded in the Bay of Fundy, Canada from both single whales ( n = 9) and social surface active groups ( n =49). Those single whales producing Gunshot sounds whose sex could be determined ( n = 9) were all mature males. Gunshot sounds were produced as part of a stereotyped behavioral sequence by these individuals, including frequent head-lifts and flipper slapping at the surface. In surface active groups, Gunshot sounds were commonly recorded when males were present in the group. The rate of production of Gunshot sounds was weakly correlated with the total number of males present in the group. Given the behavioral context of Gunshot sound production, and production of the sound only by male whales, Gunshots may function in a reproductive context as an advertisement signal to attract females, an agonistic signal directed toward other males, or a combination of the two functions.     

Correlation between MRI evidence of degenerative condylar surface changes, induction of articular disc displacement and pathological joint sounds in the temporomandibular joint

Objectives: The relationship of bony changes in the condylar surfaces in articular disc displacement without reduction in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was investigated using diagnostic imaging. The study also evaluated whether the bony changes in the condylar surfaces limit disc and condyle motion, and produce pathological joint sounds. Materials and methods: Thirty‐seven joints in 28 patients diagnosed with degenerative bony changes in the condylar surfaces radiographically and anterior disc displacement without reduction using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were studied. The bony changes were assessed by radiographic examination and classified into two types: pathological bone changes (PBCs) including erosion, osteophyte formation and deformity, and adaptive bone changes (ABCs) including flattening and concavity. MRI was performed on the TMJ to examine the configuration and position of the discs. Joint sounds in the TMJ were determined using electrovibratograghy with a joint vibration analysis. Results: The articular disc motion to the condyle in the PBC group was smaller than in the ABC group irrespective of the configuration of the disc, even though there were no significant differences between the two types of bony changes in the disc position during jaw closing. The joint vibration analysis of the TMJ showed that joint sounds with a higher frequency were observed in the PBC group than in the ABC group. High energy levels needed to produce the higher frequencies (over 300 Hz) were observed only in the PBC group.     

Heart energy signature spectrogram for cardiovascular diagnosis

A new method and application is proposed to characterize intensity and pitch of human heart sounds and murmurs. Using recorded heart sounds from the library of one of the authors, a visual map of heart sound energy was established. Both normal and abnormal heart sound recordings were studied. Representation is based on Wigner-Ville joint time-frequency transformations. The proposed methodology separates acoustic contributions of cardiac events simultaneously in pitch, time and energy. The resolution accuracy is superior to any other existing spectrogram method. The characteristic energy signature of the innocent heart murmur in a child with the S3 sound is presented. It allows clear detection of S1, S2 and S3 sounds, S2 split, systolic murmur, and intensity of these components. The original signal, heart sound power change with time, time-averaged frequency, energy density spectra and instantaneous variations of power and frequency/pitch with time, are presented. These data allow full quantitative characterization of heart sounds and murmurs. High accuracy in both time and pitch resolution is demonstrated. Resulting visual images have self-referencing quality, whereby individual features and their changes become immediately obvious.