大肠杆菌抗铜蛋白高表达的条件

含有抗铜质粒pRJ1004的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)可以在含有20mmol/L的LB培养基中生长,菌落呈深棕色,其原因是由于一种“修饰铜”沉淀的结果。以同位素64~Cu所做的试验表明,抗性菌株比敏感菌株积累铜少,其抗性机制是减少吸收。质粒pRJ1004含一个抗铜基因组:pcoABCDRSE,,其中pcoABCDE为结构基因,pcoRS为调节基因。pcoABCD的基因产物和丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato)的copABCD基因产物很相似,有很高的氨基酸序列同源性。而后者的菌落在含铜平板上则呈深蓝色,且细胞中可积累比敏感菌株更多的铜,可达细胞干重的0.3％。copABCD基因产物在细胞中的分布及功能都已研究得比较清楚,它们都是铜结合蛋白。     

THE DETERMINATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI I IN SEA WATER

SUMMARY: For the determination of Escherichia coli I in sea water lactose broth frequently gave higher presumptive and confirmed counts than MacConkey's broth. In the presumptive count there were 53 cases where lactose broth gave larger numbers than MacConkey's broth, with 11 equal counts, and only 25 cases with smaller counts ( P =0·00137). After confirmation the corresponding numbers of cases were 39, 10 and 27 ( P =0·134).
In the samples giving most probable numbers (MPN) of less than 100 E. coli /100 ml lactose broth was superior to MacConkey's broth ( P =0·021). At higher MPN values both media were satisfactory, but with highly polluted water MacConkey's broth might give better recoveries due to the suppression of high concentrations of non-coli-aerogenes bacteria.
Samples stored for 24 or 48 hr before testing gave higher presumptive recoveries when examined with lactose broth than with MacConkey's broth, the values for P being 0·028 and 0·0027 respectively.
It appears that lactose broth without inhibitory ingredients could be used with advantage in the examination of sea water.     

STUDIES ON THE LACTASE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

A "lactase solution" was prepared from Escherichia coli. The mechanism of its action has been studied and changes in the rate of hydrolysis under various conditions investigated. The hydrolysis of lactose by the enzyme approximates the course of reaction of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation. One molecule of enzyme combines with one molecule of substrate. E. coli lactase is readily inactivated at pH 5.0, and its optimal activity at 36°C. is reached between pH 7.0 and pH 7.5. The optimal temperature for its action was found to be 46°C. when determinations were carried out after an incubation period of 30 minutes. Its inactivation by heat follows the course of a first order reaction, and the critical thermal increment between the temperatures of 45°C. and 53°C. was calculated to be 56,400 calories per mol. The enzyme is activated by potassium cyanide, sodium sulfide, and cysteine, and irreversibly inactivated by mercuric chloride, silver nitrate, and iodine. After inactivation with copper sulfate partial reactivation is possible, while the slight inhibition brought about by hydrogen peroxide is completely reversible. The possible structure of the active groups of E. coli lactase as compared with other enzymes has been discussed.     

ENERGY OF MAINTENANCE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI.

McGrew, Sarah B. (Pennsylvania State University, University Park) and M. F. Mallette. Energy of maintenance in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 83:844-850. 1962.-Relatively dense populations of Escherichia coli B in log phase were used to detect utilization of exogenous glucose for maintenance without growth. Turbidity at 400 mmu was used as the measure of growth, since it should reflect changes in either cell number or size. A threshold level of glucose was observed below which turbidity did not change during short-time experiments. Repeated additions of glucose during prolonged incubation at 37 C either increased the turbidity slowly or maintained it, depending on the amount of glucose. Plate counts to follow viability showed slow decreases for 10 days, while the unfed controls lost viability quite rapidly. From these results it was concluded that E. coli specifically utilized exogenous glucose for maintenance, without growth. The conflict of this opinion with that of earlier workers is discussed and some implications suggested.     

THE USE OF STORED SUSPENSIONS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI I IN THE EVALUATION OF BACTERICIDAL ACTION

SUMMARY: Suspensions of Escherichia coli I, consisting of washed cells suspended in a phosphate buffer solution, maintained a higher viability and resistance to phenol than suspensions either of unwashed cells or of washed cells suspended in water. When stored for 5 weeks at room temperature, variations in their extinction times on exposure to aqueous phenol solutions were not significantly greater than variations with suspensions freshly prepared for each determination. Loss of resistance of a stored suspension to phenol, roxenol, lysol and potassium laurate was roughly parallel. Conditions of culture of the bacteria influenced the survival of suspensions, but the results indicated that pronounced differences may only be found in suspensions prepared from young cultures. The use of stored suspensions in the routine evaluation of bactericides is recommended.     

一种快速提取禽源性大肠埃希氏菌外胰蛋白的方法

介绍一种快速提取禽源性大肠埃希氏菌外膜蛋白的方法。该法是对Ｋａｐｕｒ等发表的方法的改进。全过程只需超速离心一次,比Ｋａｐｕｒ等的方法缩短了４ｈ。所得样品可直接用于禽源性大肠埃希氏菌外膜蛋白模式的测定。     

HIGH LEVELS OF COLICIN RESISTANCE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Colicins are plasmid-encoded antibiotics that are produced by and kill Escherichia coli and other related species. The frequency of colicinogeny is high, on average 30% of E. coli isolates produce colicins. Initial observations from one collection of 72 strains of E. coli (the ECOR collection) suggest that resistance to colicin killing is also ubiquitous, with over 70% of strains resistant to one or more colicins. To determine whether resistance is a common trait in E. coli, three additional strain collections were surveyed. In each of these collections levels of colicin production were high (from 15 to 50% of the strains produce colicins). Levels of colicin resistance were even higher, with most strains resistant to over 10 colicins. A survey of 137 non-E. coli isolates revealed even higher levels of resistance. We discuss a mechanism (pleiotropy) that could result in the co-occurrence of such high levels of colicin production and colicin resistance.