Phylogeny and zoogeography of three new species of the genus Hexabathynella (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) from North America

Three new species of the genus Hexabathynella , H. otayana sp. n., H. hessleri sp. n. and H. muliebris sp. n., from North America are described. A comparison with previous studies results in the reevaluation of characters already known and the discovery of new constitutive characters. The distal spine of the mandibular spine row is regarded as a synapomorphy of the three new species and two previously known species, H. knoepffleri , H. minuta , which constitute a monophyletic group within the genus, the knoepffleri-group. The phylogenetic relationships between the five species are depicted with a cladogram. The setation on the uropodal exopod is shown to be not only a new unique character for the genus, but also a significant one in classifying its species. The presence of the ancestor species of the genus before the Triassic and dispersal during Mesozoic continental drift are assumed to explain the transatlantic occurrence of the knoepffleri-group and the distribution pattern of the other species.     

中国异瘿蚊属分类研究(双翅目:瘿蚊科)

记述了中国瘿蚊科1新纪录属异瘿蚊属及一新种：横瓣异瘿蚊Heterogenella transversa.spn.nov.,模式产地云南中甸虎跳峡;中国3新纪录种;达氏异瘿蚊H.dolini Berest(四川理县米亚罗）,短须异瘿蚊H.hybrida Mamaev(内蒙古额尔古纳旗莫尔道嘎）和纵缝异瘿蚊H.linearis Yukawa(云南丽江玉龙山）。文中给出了异瘿蚊属中国已知种类分种检索表。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

The genera Hyperphyscia and Physconia in East Africa

Seven species of the lichen genus Hyperphyscia and three of Physconia in East Africa are treated. The morphology, chemistry, distribution, habitat and relations between the taxa are discussed. Of the genus Hyperphyscia two new species are described, H. isidiata and H. pruinosa , and two new combination made, H. granulata and H. tuckermanii. Of the genus Physconia none of the species has previously been reported from the area.     

Three species of Hypomyces growing on basidiomata of Stereaceae

Of the eight species of Hypomyces that occur on basidiomata of Stereum species, only H. sympodiophorus grows exclusively on members of this genus. Morphologically similar fungi were found on species of Xylobolus, a genus closely related to Stereum. These are described as two new species of Hypomyces: H. thailandicus, collected on Xylobolus cf. illudens in Thailand; and H. xyloboli, on X. frustulatus and X. subpileatus in the eastern United States. These three species are unusual in Hypomyces because of their almost indistinguishable anamorphs. In parsimony analysis of LSU nuclear rDNA sequences, the three species growing only on Stereaceae do not form a monophyletic group but their constrained monophyly is not rejected either. A morphologically similar anamorphic species, Sibirina gamsii, included in the study, is transferred to the genus Cladobotryum.     

The Genus Herminium Guett. (Orchidaceae) in China

Herminium is a genus of about 26 species, mainly distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of Asia and Europe. Yunnan, Sichuan and Xizang in China are the present distribution centre as well as differentiation centre of the genus. In the present paper, taxa of Herminium hitherto recorded in China are taxonomically and phytogeographically discussed and revised, and, as a result, 18 species are recongnized, including two newly recorded species, H. angustilabre King et Pantl. and H. quinquelobum King et Pantl., and 12 species endemic to China. A full list of synonyms is given, a key to the species is provided and the distribution areas of all taxa are mapped.     

Taxonomic revision of and supplement to the Tectaria Cav. (Aspidiaceae) from Yunnan,China

Tectaria Cav. is a large fern genus of ca. 150 species distributed in the tropic and subtropic regions of the world, of which 27 species and two varieties occur in China. These species are mostly distributed in the southern part to the Yangtze River, mainly concentrated in Yunnan, only two species spreading northwards to Sichuan located in the northern part to the Yangtze River. Based on examination of specimens deposited in KUN and PE, many of which are recent collections, a new species is described, one species and one variety are recognized as new records for China, one species as new record for Yunnan, one species as new record for Guizhou, and four specific names, i. e., T. cosimilis Ching et C. H. Wang, T. decurrenti-alata Ching et C. H. Wang, T. fengii Ching et C. H. Wang, T. simaoensis Ching et C. H. Wang are reduced to synonymies. As a re-suit, 22 species and two varieties are recognized in the genus Tectaria from Yunnan.     

中国沟胸步甲属分类研究及一新种描述(鞘翅目： 步甲科： 壶步甲族)

【目的】沟胸步甲属Holcoderus属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)步甲科(Carabidae)壶步甲族(Lebiini)。本研究旨在对该属在中国分布的各个种进行分类厘定。【方法】基于中国科学院动物研究所的馆藏标本以及欧洲多家博物馆的模式标本,采用形态比较学方法开展研究。【结果】共发现中国沟胸步甲属5种,其中包括新种1种(双毛沟胸步甲H. bisetus sp. n.,模式产地：云南西双版纳),中国新纪录种3种(雅沟胸步甲H. gracilis、绿沟胸步甲H. smaragdinus和红腿沟胸步甲H. aeripennis)。提供了中国所有种类的形态描述及特征图,并编制了分种检索表。【结论】至此,我国所分布的沟胸步甲属物种从此前记录的1种增加至5种。     

Revision of the Australian species of Hyalobathra Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) based on adult morphology and with description of a new species

Abstract The genus Hyalobathra Meyrick is redefined based on five Australian species including the type  species. The four named Australian species, H. archeleuca Meyrick, H. unicolor (Warren) , H. miniosalis (Guenée) and H. minialis (Warren), are redescribed and a new species, H. crenulata sp. n., is described . Hyalobathra unicolor is removed from synonymy with H. illectalis (Walker), and lectotypes are designated for H. archeleuca , H. minialis and for H. rhodoplecta Turner, a synonym of H. miniosalis . The presence of H. paupellalis (Lederer) in Australia could not be confirmed, but its genitalia are figured. Two previously included species, ' Hyalobathra ' aequalis (Lederer) and ' H .'  brevialis (Walker), are excluded from Hyalobathra, as they lack its generic apomorphies, but cannot at present be assigned to any other genus.     

The genus Hypocenomyce (Lecanorales, Lecideaceae), with special emphasis on the Norwegian and Swedish species

Ten species are recognized in the genus Hypocenomyce. Their morphology, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology are discussed, a key is provided, and their distribution in Norway and Sweden is mapped. Hypocenomyce australis Timdal and H. foveata Timdal are described as new, and the combinations H. castaneocinerea (Räsänen) Timdal and H. praestabilis (Nyl.) Timdal are proposed. The genus can be divided into four species groups on the basis of apothecial and conidial characters, type of pigment in the epithecium and pyenidial wall, and chemical properties of the thallus. The delimitation of the genus in relation to Lecidea s. lat. is in need of further elucidation.     

THE GENUS HYPOGLOSSUM KÜTZING (DELESSERIACEAE,RHODOPHYTA) IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN ATLANTIC,INCLUDING H. ANOMALUM SP. NOV.1

Observations are made on the occurrence and distribution of the red algal genus Hypoglossum Kützing (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales) in the tropical western Atlantic. In addition to the type of the genus, H. hypoglossoides (Stackh.) Coll. & Herv., three other species are reported: H. anomalum sp. nov., H. involvens (Harv.) J. Ag., and H. tenuifolium (Harv.) J. Ag. A key is presented to distinguish these four species. The newly described species, H. anomalum, is like other species in the genus in that its branches arise endogenously from the primary axial row but it is unique in that the branches emerge from the parent blade at some point between the midline and the margin of the blade. The new species is reported from Puerto Rico and Florida.     

云南叉蕨属(Tectaria Cav.)的增补与订正

叉蕨属是蕨类植物的大属之一,全世界约150种,分布于世界热带及亚热带地区。据记载,中国 有27种、2变种,分布在长江以南,仅有2种北达长江以北四川境内,而大部分种类集中分布在云南。近 来,笔者主要对保存在中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本室的标本进行了清理,也参考了中国科学院植物 研究所标本馆的标本,这些标本不少是近年来所采集,其中,发现1新种并有1种和1变种为中国新记 录,1种为云南新记录,1种为贵州新记录,有4个种名是新异名,即Tectaria cosimilis Ching et C．H．Wang, T．decurrenti-calata Ching et C．H．Wang,T．fengii Ching et C. H．Wang,T．Simaoensis Ching et C.H．Wang。至此,所知云南产叉蕨属有22种、2变种。     

A taxonomic review of the genus Hypocalymma (Myrtaceae)

The genus Hypocalymma endemic to Western Australia and comprising 22 species species including the widely cultivated Swan River Myrtle and Swamp Myrtle, is revised. Nine new species ( H. connatum, H. hirsutum, H, gardneri, H. jessicae, H. melaleucoides, H. serrulatum, H. sylvestris, H. tenuatum and H. uncinatum ), two new subspecies ( H. cordifolium subsp. minus and H. strictum subsp. elongatum ) and one new combination ( H. angustifolium subsp. longifolium ) are described or made. A key to all species is presented for this horticulturally significant genus.     

贵州兰科植物增补

对贵州兰科植物区系新资料进行了报道,包括：1个新种(兴仁开唇兰),1个新记录属(无叶兰属)和15个新记录种。     

The phylogeny of Halgerda (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) with the description of a new species from Okinawa

This paper proposes a refined hypothesis of evolution for the tropical Indo-Pacific nudibranch genus Halgerda . Numerous specimens from 31 species were examined anatomically and literature from four additional species was reviewed, bringing to 33 the ingroup taxa. Fifty-three characters were considered from these examinations. The outgroup Asteronotus was used to polarize the characters. The phylogeny obtained from the analysis of the characters supports the hypothesis that Halgerda is a monophyletic group. A species previously placed with the genus Sclerodoris is examined and determined to be a member of the genus Halgerda . Phylogenetic analysis places this species, H. paliensis , as a basal member of the genus . Halgerda paliensis appears to be restricted to the Hawaiian Islands. Specimens previously identified as Sclerodoris paliensis from the Marshall Islands actually represent H. dalanghita Fahey & Gosliner, 1999. A new species, Halgerda onna , is described and presented as the sister taxon to a basal member of the genus. A range and depth extension of a previously described species, H. malesso , is presented. The present phylogeny is then compared to previous studies, in particular those of Fahey & Gosliner (1999a,b) .     

中国汉刺蛾属分类研究(鳞翅目,刺蛾科)(英文)

整理出中国汉刺蛾属Hampsonella Dyar 2种,包括1新种,微白汉刺蛾Harapsonella albidula.编制了本属已知种的检索表,提供了成虫彩色照片和外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆.     

Historical biogeography and speciation in the reef fish genus Haemulon (Teleostei: Haemulidae)

The high biodiversity of tropical marine hotspots has long intrigued evolutionary biologists and biogeographers. The genus Haemulon (grunts) is one of the most important (numerically, ecologically, and economically) reef fish groups in the New World and an excellent candidate to test hypotheses of speciation and diversity generation in the Greater Caribbean, the richest Atlantic biodiversity hotspot, as well as the eastern Pacific. To elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among the species of Haemulon, we obtained a combined total of 2639 base pairs from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I), and two nuclear genes (TMO-4C4 and RAG2) from all nominal species. Parsimony, Maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses resulted in a well-resolved phylogeny with almost identical topologies. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses based on adult morphology, such as the close relationship among H. aurolineatum, H. boschmae, and H. striatum were not supported, whereas others using developmental characters, such as the relationship between H. plumieri and H. sciurus, were confirmed. Our data also indicate that the populations of the nominal H. steindachneri from the two sides of the Isthmus of Panama are genetically divergent at the species level in each ocean, and that the boga, Inermia vittata (family Inermiidae), belongs in the genus Haemulon. This evidence implies that there are 21 valid species of Haemulon, two more than previously recognized. The Amazon barrier and the Isthmus of Panama seem to have played roles in allopatric speciation of Haemulon. However, the majority of sister species pairs have completely overlapping distributions, indicating that vicariance is not the only process driving speciation in this genus. We conclude that both vicariance between biogeographic provinces, and ecological mechanisms of speciation within provinces contribute to species richness in the genus Haemulon.     

中国特有属─—东俄芹属的花粉形态及其分类学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了伞形科东俄芹属（ＴｏｎｇｏｌｏａＨ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ）７个种的花粉形态,结果表明：除宜昌东俄芹Ｔ．ｄｕｎｎｉｉ（Ｂｏｉｓｓｉｅｕ）Ｈ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ和城口东俄芹Ｔ．ｓｉｌａｉｆｏｌｉａ（Ｂｏｉｓｓｉｅｕ）Ｈ．ｗｏｌｆｆ的花粉为矩形类型外,其它几种的为菱形类型,然而并非都是原始的或典型的菱形,而是处于分化过程中的菱形类型,如纤细东俄芹Ｔ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓＨ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ,大东俄芹Ｔ．ｅｌａｔａＨ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ的花粉形态,表现出近菱形、近椭圆形和近矩形的特征,在我们近期的工作中曾涉及滇芎属ＰｈｙｓｏｓｐｅｒｍｏｐｓｉｓＨ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ类似的花粉形态及分化情况,从花粉资料启示,东俄芹属可能与滇芎属近缘。