基于ITS序列的苎麻属大叶苎麻组的系统发育研究

大叶苎麻组(Sect.Duretia)是荨麻科苎麻属(Boehmeria)的一个种类比较多的组,目前对该组植物的系统发育还不清楚.本研究测定了其中9种4变种的核糖体DNA的ITS序列.ITS平均长度约687 bp.选取冷水花属作为外类群,根据ITS序列的差异计算出种间遗传距离.分别采用最简约法和邻接法进行系统发育分析.细野麻(Boehmeria gracilis)、赤麻(B.silvestrii)、野线麻(B.japonica)和疏毛水苎麻(B.pilosiuacula)、束序苎麻(B.siamensis)亲缘关系较近聚成一支,自展支持率为76%(MP)和89%(NJ);密球苎麻(B.densiglomerata)、长序苎麻(B.dolichostachya)、灰绿水苎麻(B.macrophylla var.canescens)、糙叶水苎麻(B.macrophylla var.scabrella)、圆叶水苎麻(B.macrophylla vat.rotundifolia)和海岛苎麻(B. formosana)、福州苎麻(B.formosana var.stricta)则聚为另一支,自展支持率为74%(MP)和94%(NJ);歧序苎麻(B.polystachya)单独为一支,与大叶苎麻组的其他种在一级分支中就分开,和其他种亲缘关系较远.     

中国甘肃和青海省叶蜂类六新种记述(膜翅目:叶蜂科)(英文)

记述了叶蜂科采自甘肃的3个新种:Tenthredo(Tenthredo)sinotemula sp.nov.,Tenthredo(Tenthredella)labrangensis sp.nov.和Tenthredo(Tenthredella)sinosimplex sp.nov.;采白青海的3个新种:Tenthredo(Tenthredella)rolleri sp.nov.,Tenthredo(Tenthredella)qinghaiensis sp.nov.和Tenthredo(Tenthredella)yunningsiensis sp.nov.     

中国薹草属(莎草科)研究随记(Ⅳ).隐匿薹草组的分类修订(英文)

隐匿薹草组(Carex sect.Infossae)为最近建立的薹草属(Carex)的组,当时报导分布于我国安徽和江苏,有2种和1变种,即隐匿薹草(C.infossa)、显穗薹草(变种)(C.infossa var.extensa)和矮秆薹草(C.minuticulmis)。根据描述,另有15种和2变种应归属本组,这些分类群具有较为一致的特征:果囊椭圆球状卵球形或卵球形,通常疏被短毛或近无毛,先端渐狭成中等长的喙,喙口具2小齿;瘦果卵球形,先端钝或微凹。通过文献考证、标本查阅、野外采集,并结合果囊和瘦果的扫描电镜观察,对隐匿薹草组所涉及的种(含种下类群)进行了分类修订。该组仅有2种:百里薹草(C.blinii)和尖叶薹草(C.oxyphylla)。将Carex elmeri、C.granifera、矮秆薹草(C.minuticulmis)、上海薹草(C.shanghaiensis C.blinii subsp.shanghaiensis)、C.sublateralis、C.taihokuensis和锐果薹草(C.tatsutakensis)并入百里薹草;将沟囊薹草(C.canaliculata)、樟木薹草(C.changmuensis)、C.distantiflora、隐匿薹草(C.infossa)、显穗薹草(C.infossa var.extensa)、C.lateralis、C.loheri、无芒长嘴薹草(C.longerostrata var.exaristata)、城湾薹草(C.longerostrata var.hoi)、C.lyi、和平菱果薹草(C.macrandrolepis)和C.sharyotensis并入尖叶薹草。     

中国鱼子菜科植物的分类

记述了中国产鱼子菜科(Lemaneaceae)的2属6个种,即鱼子菜属(Lemanea Bory)的中华鱼子菜(L. sinensiaJao)、 粗壮鱼子菜(L. crassa S. L. Xie et Z. X. Shi)、 分枝鱼子菜(L. ramosa S. L. Xie et Z. X. Shi)、 单鱼子菜(L.simplex Jao)和拟鱼子菜属(Paralemanea (Silva) Vis et Sheath)的链状拟鱼子菜(P. catenata (Ktzing) Vis et Sheath)、 小型拟鱼子菜(P. parvula (Sirodot) S. L. Xie et Z. X. Shi)。其中,拟鱼子菜属为中国新记录属,粗壮鱼子菜和分枝鱼子菜为新种,链状拟鱼子菜和小型拟鱼子菜为中国新记录种。     

17种桤木属植物的亲缘关系研究及模糊种鉴定

利用AFLP分子标记结合形态学指标,采用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,对桤木属17个种57份材料进行了亲缘关系研究及一个模糊种鉴定。结果表明：7对引物扩增出369条带,其中346个多态位点,多态位点百分率为93.77%;根据AFLP标记位点聚类分析,在相似系数为0.782时,17种桤木属植物可分为4类,第一类为日本桤木(Alnus japonica);第二类为绿桤木(A.viridis)、意大利桤木(A.cordata)、欧洲桤木(A.glutinosa)、模糊种、四川桤木(A.cremastogyne)、江南桤木(A.trabeculosa)、斑点桤木(A.incana ssp.rugosa)、东北亚灰桤木(A.hirsuta)、台湾桤木(A.formosana)、日本特有桤木(A.firma)和裂叶桤木(A.sinuata);第三类为灰桤木(A.incana)、红桤木(A.rubra)及薄叶桤木(A.tenifolia);第四类喜马拉雅灰桤(A.nitida)和尼泊尔桤木(A.nepalensis)。根据形态学聚类分析,在距离为1.4时可分为三类,意大利桤木(A.cordata)单独为一类;日本桤木(A.japonica)、台湾桤木(A.formosana)、喜马拉雅灰桤木(A.nitida)、江南桤木(A.trabeculosa)和东北亚灰桤木(A.hirsuta);第三类包括模糊种、灰桤木(A.incana)、斑点桤木(A.incana ssp.rugosa)、裂叶桤木(A.sinuata)、红桤木(A.rubra)、欧洲桤木(A.glutinosa)、绿桤木(A.viridis)、四川桤木(A.cremastogyne)、薄叶桤木(A.tenuifolia)和尼泊尔桤木(A.nepalensis)。经形态特征和AFLP分析鉴定模糊种为欧洲桤木。形态学聚类与AFLP聚类结果基本一致,但仍存在一定的差异,说明桤木属植物遗传背景丰富,种的分子分类地位和形态学分类地位具有一定的差异。     

12种中国葱属植物的核型分析

采用细胞压片法,对采自中国西部的12种葱属植物的根尖有丝分裂中期进行了观察,其巾天蓝韭(A.cyaneum)、梭沙韭(Aforrestii)、昌都韭(A.changduense)、西川非(A.xichuanense)、野黄韭(A.rude)、野葱(A.chrysanthum)和真籽韭(A.eusperma)等7种植物的核型为首次报道.供试类群中,峨眉韭(A.omeiense)和多星韭(A.wallichii)的染色体基数分别为11和7,其余类群的染色体基数均为8.观察发现,随体杂合和多侪性现象在供试类群中很普遍.分析推测:(1)随体和倍性的变异在葱属某些类群的进化中可能起重要作用,随体的类型在葱属具有重要的分类意义;(2)多倍化和地下走茎的无性繁殖方式可能是天蓝韭(A.cyaneum)的进化策略;(3)西川韭(A.xichuanense)、野黄非(A.rude)和野葱(A.chrysanthum)有密切的亲缘关系;(4)真籽韭(A.eusperma)与多籽组在核型上有密切的亲缘关系.     

内蒙古被子植物新资料

该文报道了内蒙古被子植物菊科(Compositae)和禾本科(Gramineae)的2个新分布记录属,即石胡荽属(Centipeda Loureiro)和扇穗茅属(Littledalea Hemsley);十字花科(Cruciferae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、堇菜科(Violaceae)、伞形科(Umbelliferae)、紫草科(Boraginaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae) 9个科的11个新分布记录种,即裂叶独行菜(Lepidium lacerum C. A.Meyer)、腺粒委陵菜(Potentilla granulosa T. T. YuC. L. Li)、祁连山棘豆(Oxytropis qilianshanica C. W.ChangC. L. Zhang ex X. Y.H. Ohashi)、石生堇菜(Viola rupestris F. W. Schmidt)、河西阿魏(Ferula hexiensis K. M. Shen)、青海齿缘草(Eritrichium medicarpum Y. S. LianJ. Q. Wang)、斑种草(Bothriospermum chinense Bunge)、青藏蒿(Artemisia duthreuil-de-rhinsi Krascheninnikov)、石胡荽[Centipeda minima (Linnaeus)A. BraunAscherson]、寡穗茅(Littledalea przevalskyi Tzvelev)、旋鳞莎草[Cyperus michelianus (Linnaeus)Link]。相关凭证标本存放于内蒙古大学植物标本馆(HIMC)中。     

中国鱼子菜科植物的分类

记述了中国产鱼子菜科(Lemaneaceae)的2属6个种,即鱼子菜属(Lemanea Bory)的中华鱼子菜(L.sinensiaJao)、粗壮鱼子菜(L.crassa S.L.Xie et Z.X.Shi)、分枝鱼子菜(L.ramosa S.L.Xie et Z.X.Shi)、单鱼子菜(L.simplex Jao)和拟鱼子菜属(Paralemanea(Silva)Vis et Sheath)的链状拟鱼子菜(P.catenata(Kützng)Vis et Sheath)、小型拟鱼子菜(P.parvula(Sirodot)S.L.Xie et Z.X.Shi).其中,拟鱼子菜属为中国新记录属,粗壮鱼子菜和分枝鱼子菜为新种,链状拟鱼子菜和小型拟鱼子菜为中国新记录种.     

秦岭植物分布3新记录属

报道了秦岭植物分布3新记录属:鹿蹄草科(Pyrolaceae)的沙晶兰属(Monotropastrum Andres)、列当科(Orobanchaceae)的藨寄生属(Gleadovia Gamble et Prain)和爵床科(Acanthaceae)的十万错属(Asystasia Blume)。相应的新记录种或变种为无毛沙晶兰[M.humile(D.Don)H.Hara var.glaberrimum H.Hara]、藨寄生(G.ruborum Gamble et Prain)和白接骨[A.neesiana(Wallich)Nees]。     

五种丛枝菌根真菌对枳实生苗耐锌污染的影响

通过盆栽实验研究丛枝菌根(AM)真菌Glomus versiforme(G.v)、G.mosseae(G.m)、G.intraradices(G.i)、G.aggregatum(G.a)和G.etunicatum(G.e)在锌污染条件下枳实生苗的菌根侵染、生长、叶片和根系锌、磷含量及部分生理指标的影响.结果表明:锌污染...     

锌胁迫对“不知火”和“椪柑”的生理指标及锌分布的影响

采用砂基培养法,研究了0、0.05和0.5 mg·L^-1Zn²⁺（0.05 mg·L^-1为对照,0.5 mg·L^-1为锌过量,0 mg·L^-1为锌缺乏）处理下“不知火”和“椪柑”叶片的一些生理指标及不同部位锌含量的变化。结果表明：1）缺锌处理的“不知火”叶绿体色素含量和叶面积均显著低于其对照和锌过量处理;锌过量处理的“椪柑”叶绿体色素含量和叶面积均显著低于对照。2) 3个锌浓度处理间,“不知火”叶片POD、“椪柑”叶片CAT活性无显著性差异,“不知火”叶片CAT、SOD活性随着锌浓度的升高而升高,锌缺乏处理下“椪柑”叶片POD、CAT、SOD活性均显著地高于“不知火”,而锌过量时“不知火”叶片SOD活性显著高于“椪柑”;锌胁迫下“不知火”和“椪柑”叶片MDA含量均显著高于对照,锌过量时“椪柑”叶片MDA含量显著高于“不知火”。3）2品种柑橘不同部位的锌含量随着锌处理浓度的升高而升高,在相同浓度的锌处理下“椪柑”叶锌含量显著高于其他部位及“不知火”叶锌含量,“不知火”上部叶锌含量显著高于其下部叶。     

在控制条件下光敏核雄性不育粳稻抽穗与结实的光周期与温度反应特性

在人工气候室研究了１５个光敏核雄性不育系粳稻抽穗与结实对日长与温度的反应特性。１个品系抽穗的光周期反应极弱,８个中等;６个强;农垦５８Ｓ与其原种反应均强．但ＰＳＰ略有差异;而且农垦５８Ｓ在雌雄蕊原基分化前移入ＬＤ,不但抽穗延迟且结实率显著降低,而农垦５８抽穗虽延迟但结实正常。高温抽穗促进车品系间差异大,从０～４ｄ．９％,较多为２２％～３８％。１５个不育结实的光周期反应明显;它们在高温、低温、ＬＤ下结实明显受阻,有的即使在ＳＤ下结实率亦很低。说明它们雄性细胞较孱弱易受不良光、温条件危害,可能是遗传上有缺陷;繁种时应注意地区的光、温条件,并利用ＳＤ下结实尚可的品系。     

Regulation of nuclear uptake of "activated" receptor-glucocorticoid complex by pyrophosphate

The desialylated human chorionic gonadotropin α- and β-subunits were combined with their native complementary subunits and the thyrotropic activities of the recombinants were compared to those of native and desialylated human chorionic gonadotropin using human thyroid membranes. All the combined forms interacted with the thyrotropin receptor-adenylate cyclase system, but only those with sialic acid residues present on the α-subunit were able to activate the enzyme. These data support the concept that the α-subunit contains the domain through which this hormone activates adenylate cyclase.     

l-Proline transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Transport of l-proline into Saccharomyces cerevisiae K is mediated by two systems, one with a K_T of 31 μM and J_max of 40 nmol · s^?1 · (g dry wt.)^?1, the other with K_T > 2.5 mM and J_max of 150–165 nmol · s^?1 · (g dry wt.)^?1, The kinetic properties of the high-affinity system were studied in detail. It proved to be highly specific, the only potent competitive inhibitors being (i) l-proline and its analogs l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, sarcosine, d-proline and 3,4-dehydro-dl-proline, and (ii) l-alanine. The other amino acids tested behaved as noncompetitive inhibitors. The high-affinity system is active, has a sharp pH optimum at 5.8–5.9 and, in an Arrhenius plot, exhibits two inflection points at 15°C and 20–21°C. It is trans-inhibited by most amino acids (but probably only the natural substrates act in a trans-noncompetitive manner) and its activity depends to a considerable extent on growth conditions. In cells grown in a rich medium with yeast extract maximum activity is attained during the stationary phase, on a poor medium it is maximal during the early exponential phase. Some 50–60% of accumulated l-proline can leave cells in 90 min (and more if washing is done repeatedly), the efflux being insensitive to 0.5 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol and uranyl ions, to pH between 3 and 7.3, as well as to the presence of 10–100 mM unlabeled l-proline in the outside medium. Its rate and extent are increased by 1% d-glucose and by 10 μg nystatin per ml.     

广西中三叠世的"克氏蛤"之订正

描述报道广西中三叠世地层中一类形态相似于克氏蛤（Claraia)的双壳纲化石,经研究,发现海扇科的关键特征丝梳,认为不属于克氏蛤,而可能是Periclaraia属的一个新种,并初步探讨化石层的生态环境,认为可能是相对隔离的盆地中央区,新种是由海扇类进入隔离环境后经特化形成的,新种与克氏蛤的表面相似性是生活习性的相似性导致的形态趋同现象。     

Release of the "ammonia effect" on three catabolic enzymes by NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenaseless mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mutations which inactivate the NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (anabolic GDHase) pleiotropically release the ammonia inhibition (NH₄⁺ effect) on a number of distinct catabolic activities. In addition to releasing inhibition on several permeability functions (1), these mutations suppress the NH₄⁺ effect on the synthesis of arginase, urea amidolyase and allantoinase. They do not affect the NH₄⁺ effect on the NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase.Two mechanisms of action of these mutations have to be considered, namely a modification of the process of $\text{induction}$ (such as removal of inducer exclusion) and a suppression of $\text{nitrogen catabolite repression}$.     

Intranigral Iron Injection Induces Behavioral and Biochemical "Parkinsonism" in Rats

Elevated iron concentrations in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta have been implicated in the development of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Because, as a transitional metal, iron promotes free radical formation, the role of iron in the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease has received much attention. This study further investigates the cytotoxic effects of iron in the SN. Various concentrations of FeCl3 (1, 5, and 50 micrograms of Fe3+ in 5 microliters) were unilaterally injected into the SN of adult rats. The two lower doses of iron had no effect on striatal dopamine levels or on the behavioral responses of the rats. However, injection of 50 micrograms of Fe3+ resulted in a substantial selective decrease of striatal dopamine (95%), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (82%), and homovanillic acid (45%), without any change in norepinephrine concentration. Dopamine-related behavioral responses, such as spontaneous movements in a novel space and rearing, were significantly impaired, whereas amphetamine administration induced ipsilateral rotation in the iron-treated rats. The present study indicates that the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons are susceptible to the presence of ionic iron and thus supports the assumption that iron initiates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.     

“一元多生态位”原理及其在棉花高产栽培中的应用

“一元多生态位”群体是指由同一个物种(品种)构成,生态元具有不同时间生态位、空间生态位、营养生态位、温度生态位或者水分生态位等．其特征为,群体培育具有目标性,种群组成具有一元性,冠层结构具有多层性,群体形成过程具有人工调控性,群体建立过程具有简单性,所形成的群体各生态元具有特定的生态位宽度、生态位重叠与生态位分离．从产量构成来看。作物“一元多生态位”群体具有群体生产能力的高效性和单株生产能力的差异性特征。