Effect of Mating Status on the Fecundity and Longevity of Four Spider Mite Species (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The longevity and fecundity of inseminated and uninseminated females of four phytophagous mite species from the Indo-Pacific tropical area, Tetranychus fijiensis, T. lambi, T. marianae and T. neocaledonicus, were investigated. Uninseminated females of these species laid fewer eggs but lived longer than inseminated ones. The 50% survival rate of inseminated females was attained 20, 15.5, 14.5 and 13.5 days before that of uninseminated females in T. marianae, T. neocaledonicus, T. fijiensis and T. lambi respectively. Comparison between the egg production of inseminated and uninseminated females shows that the fecundity of inseminated females was roughly twice as great in T. marianae and T. fijiensis, 1.5 times as great in T. neocaledonicus and 1.25 times as great in T. lambi. The range of differences observed between species may perhaps result from adaptation to the climate of their area of origin.     

Some New Species and Varieties of the Genus Tetracyclus Ralfs (Bacillariophyta)

This paper reports a diatom assemblage found by the author from the Upper Tertiary continental strata in Shangdu County in Niemongol Autonomous Region and Dunhua County in Jilin Province of China. The diatom assemblage in Shangdu County comprises 4 new species and 2 new varieties: Tetracyclus ellipticus var. ovalifolium Li; Tetracyclus ellipticus var. rostrata Li; Tetracyclus jaoi Li; Tetracyclus navicularis Li; Tetracyclus shangduensis Li and Tetracyclus sinensis Li. From the Miocene of Dunhua County; JilinProvince are recorded 2 new species: Tetracyclus dunhuanensis Li and Tetracyclus ovaliformis Li.     

木霉属7个中国新记录种（英文）

报道木霉属7个中国新记录种:厚木霉、地中海木霉、矩孢木霉、近渐绿木霉、多孢木霉、特里克木霉和渐绿木霉。厚木霉分离自上海;地中海木霉、矩孢木霉、多孢木霉和特里克木霉分离自新疆;近渐绿木霉和渐绿木霉分离自四川;结合ITS、tef1-α和形态学特征进行鉴定。     

NOMENCLATURAL NOTE ON A THECADINIUM SPECIES (DINOPHYCEAE,GONYAULACALES), WHICH WAS DESCRIBED AS NEW INDEPENDENTLY THREE TIMES WITHIN TWO MONTHS1

Three Thecadinium species, independently described as new in three separate publications, are actually regarded as conspecific. The combined plate formula is Po 3′ 1a 6″ 5‐7/8c 5s 6″′ 2″″. The size range of the species is 38–65 l m in length and 23–42 lm in depth. It has one or two strongly lobed chloroplasts. The correct name of the species is Thecadinium yashimaense Yoshimatsu, Toriumi et Dodge 2004. Thecadinium mucosum Hoppenrath et Taylor 2004 and Thecadinium foveolatum Bolch 2004 are taxonomical synonyms. This note clarifies the plate tabulation and other features of the species.     

41例肠道寄生带绦虫taenia微生态学初步观察

１９８６年作者在西双版纳傣族自治洲,选择４１例肠道内寄生带绦虫者,驱虫进行微生态学观察。初步结果表明该地区带绦虫病有如下特点：（１）定植率高,占２６％,当地有生食牛、猪肉的习惯;（２）存在牛、猪带绦虫混合感染。４１例中驱出带绦虫者３７例,其中１８例寄生牛带绦虫,１５例寄生猪带绦虫,４例牛、猪带绦虫混合感染;（３）在感染有猪带绦虫１９例（包括混合感染的４例）中,９例为多条寄生,占４７％（９／１９）,     

柄灰包属四个中国新记录种

报告隶属于柄灰包目Tulostomatales、柄灰包科Tulostomataceae、柄灰包属Tulostoma的我国新记录种石灰色柄灰包T.cretaceum、隐柄灰包T.evanescens、惑柄灰包T.perplexum和美丽柄灰包T.pulchellum,并附有插图和照片。     

Leo Semenovich Berg and the biology of Acipenseriformes: a dedication

This volume is dedicated to the memory of Leo Semenovich Berg (1876–1950), a Russian ichthyologist and geographer. In the foreword to the English translation of Berg's remarkable treatise, Nomogenesis or evolution according to law, Theodosius Dobzhansky wrote: Berg was one of the outstanding intellects among Russian scientists. The breadth of his interests and the depth as well as the amplitude of his scholarship were remarkable. He had the reputation of being a walking library, because of the amount of information he could produce from his memory (Dobzhansky 1969, p. xi). Berg was prolific, publishing 217 papers and monographs on ichthyology, 30 papers on general zoology and biology, 20 papers on paleontology, 32 papers on zoogeoégraphy, 320 papers and monographs on geography, geology, and ethnography, as well as 290 biographies, obituaries, and popular articles (Berg 1955, Sokolov 1955).     

Bremazocine induces antinociception, but prevents opioid-induced constipation and catatonia in rats and precipitates withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats

Some in vivo agonist and antagonist properties of the putative k-compound bremazocine were characterized in rats. Bremazocine, at doses from 0.015-32 mg/kg i.p., delayed nociceptive reaction on a 55 degrees C hot-plate with a dose-response curve not readily fitting a single straight line; this effect was antagonized by high doses of naloxone. In the same rats bremazocine did not delay the intestinal transit of a charcoal meal fed 5 min earlier and prevented morphine-induced constipation. This antagonism appeared to be opioid-specific and competitive, with apparent pA2 value 8.56. Catatonia induced by etorphine (0.004 mg/kg s.c.) and constipation induced by etorphine (0.004 mg/kg s.c.) and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) were completely antagonized by bremazocine (0.03-8 mg/kg i.p.). Antinociception induced by morphine (10 mg/kg i.v.) and etorphine (0.004 mg/kg s.c.) was only partly prevented. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) and bremazocine (0.015-1 mg/kg i.p.) precipitated a withdrawal syndrome, evaluated as jumping frequency, in rats rendered dependent to morphine. These data suggest the involvement of more than one opioid receptor population in bremazocine action in vivo.     

The use of fecundity, lobe biometry and the RAPD-PCR technique in order to compare strains of Tetranychus sp.

In Belgium, recently two new red carmine forms of Tetranychus sp. have appeared on tomato crops in glasshouses and in maize crops. These forms maintain their red colour even during summer and on other host plants such as French bean. Our aim was to establish their status and to compare them with strains of Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus cinnabarinus. A strain of Tetranychus kanzawai, a distant relative of the same genus, was used as a control. The five strains tested were characterized by their own demographic parameters, probably because of a longseparated evolution on different host plants. The white eye strain of T. urticae was differentiated from the four other strains by scanning electron microscopy studies of the dorsal integument folds. An investigation using the random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) showed T. cinnabarinus as a distinct group. However, the mixing of the individuals of the four other strains raises the question of the role of hybridization and host plant selection in the evolution of the Tetranychus complex. Exp Appl Acarol 22: 649–666 © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

贵州鸡(土从)菌的分类研究

本文根据Singer的分类系统,对在贵州采集的鸡(土从)菌属Termitomyces种类进行分类研究。现报道6个种,其中3个种云南已报道,2个新种,1个新分布种。新种是柱状鸡(土从)菌Termitomyces cylindricus He sp.nov.和白柄鸡(土从)菌Termitomyces albiceps He sp.nov.,新分布种是盾形鸡纵菌Termitomyces clypeatus Heim。     

内蒙古产柽柳和多枝柽柳α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

首次利用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型以96微孔板法,对内蒙古产2种柽柳属植物不同溶剂提取物进行活性评价,并与阳性对照Acarbose比较,发现6种提取物均有较好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,远远强于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1103.01μg·mL-1)的抑制活性。结果显示,同一植物不同溶剂提取物相比较,两者石油醚提取物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性不及乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物;不同植物同一溶剂的提取物抑制活性也不同,6种提取物中,多枝柽柳的正丁醇和柽柳的乙酸乙酯提取物抑制活性最高(IC50=13.36和17.35μg·mL-1)。所有提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制效果均很好,且多枝柽柳抑制活性整体上较柽柳好,具有良好的潜在开发价值。     

The importance of water potential range tolerance as a limiting factor on Trichoderma spp. biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Biological control of fungal phytopathogens is often more variable in efficacy compared with disease suppression achieved by conventional pesticide use. Matching the environmental range of a potential biocontrol agent with that of the target phytopathogen is necessary if consistent disease suppression is to be achieved under field conditions. Strains of Trichoderma that could parasitise sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum had their spore germination and mycelial growth (five strains) and ability to parasitise sclerotia (two strains) tested under a range of water potentials under laboratory conditions. Relative mycelial growth and germination of all strains decreased with decreasing osmotic and matric potentials, with matric potential having a greater impact on growth and germination over the range examined. Trichoderma harzianum LU698 mycelial growth was the least affected by decreasing osmotic potential than the other isolates, and Trichoderma atroviride LU141 growth least affected by decreasing matric potential. The germination of LU698 and LU144 was also generally less affected by decreasing osmotic potential, although generally decreasing matric potential had the greatest affect on the germination of LU698 along with T. atroviride LU132. Soil treatments of LU698 and Trichoderma asperellum LU697 reduced sclerotial viability in all but the lowest soil water potential tested, with LU698 being most effective at ?0.1 and ?0.3 MPa after 28 days and LU697 most effective at ?0.01 and ?1.5 MPa after 28 days. We conclude that differences in the tolerance of potential biocontrol agents to changing water potential is an important experimental factor to consider when assaying biocontrol or making predictions of biocontrol efficacy in the field.     

Comparison between inactivated Sendai virus, polyethylene glycol and Tween 80 as permeabilizing agents for introduction of neurospora endonuclease into X-irradiated cells

Inactivated Sendai virus, polyethylene glycol and Tween 80 were employed as agents to make X-irradiated CHO cells permeable for Neurospora endonuclease, in studies designed to evaluate the influence of this enzyme on the frequencies of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations. Polyethylene glycol and Tween 80 were found not to be very efficient in making cells permeable. Besides, polyethylene glycol was found to increase the frequencies of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations.     

A STUDY ON THE OVIPOSITION SYNERGISTS FOR IN VITRO REARING TRICHOGRAMMA SPP.*

Abstract Solutions or suspensions of polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, white latex, agar cassava powder, rice flour and starch were used as synergists to improve the oviposition of Trichogramma dendrolimi, T. confusum and T. evanescens with in vitro rearing method. The ovipositional response of Trichogramma spp. to these synergists was different. All the 7 preparations improved the trichogrammatid oviposition much on the artificial host “eggs”. Specific difference of trichogrammatid ovipositional response to these synergists was observed. So, the most effective and economical synergists can be used for increasing the efficiency of rearing different species of Trichogramma in vitro.     

赤眼蜂体外培育产卵增效剂的研究(英语)

七种物质(聚乙烯醇、明胶、白乳胶、琼脂、木薯粉、米粉和淀粉一定浓度的水溶液或悬液用作松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi拟澳洲赤眼蜂T.con fusum及广赤眼蜂T.euanescens人工体外培育的产卵增效剂以吸引这些蜂在人工卵上产卵.这七种溶液都能提高三种赤眼蜂在人工卵内的产卵量,不同的赤眼蜂对不同的增效剂有不同的产卵行为反就,我们可利用其中最有效而经济的增效剂以增强体外培育赤眼蜂的效率.     

我国西南拟白蘑属的分类

本文报道了我国西南地区拟白蘑属Tricholomopsis Singer 8种1变种,其中2新种,1新变种和3个我国新记录种;新种是青盖拟白蘑T.lividipileata P.G.Liu和黑鳞拟白蘑T.nigrosquamosa P.G.Liu;新变种是竹生拟白蘑变种T.bambusina Hongo var.megasporaP.G.Liu;新记录种是南美杉拟白蘑 T.araucariae Sing.,丝囊拟白蘑T.flavissima(smith)Sing.和长根拟白蘑T.radicata(Pk.)Sing.。新种和新变种均有拉丁文描述和插图;本文所引证标本均存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)。     

广西大戟科植物资料

<正> 广西的大戟科植物种类众多。作者对广西中草药原植物研究过程,将已采集的标本及华南植物所标本室(SCBI)和广东、广西主要标本室(均有注明)收藏的广西及其邻近地区的大戟科标本进行整理;现报道(一)、三宝木属植物摘记;有5种和3个新变种,其中广西产5种、1变种。(二)、广西白大凤属植物;1种。     

小麦印度腥黑粉菌与近似种的形态学比较*

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对小麦印度腥黑粉菌及其近似种的形态学特征进行了系统研究。T. indica和T. horrida不同菌株冬孢子大小变化范围均较大。在所研究的种中,T. indica与T. walkeri最近似,前者冬孢子大小平均值比后者略大,分别为:38.35?5.92祄和32.86?1.53祄。T. indica与其它具有疣状或刺状突起的腥黑粉菌:T. horrida, T. barclayana, T. setariae, T. opaca, T. sumatii和T. savilei等区别明显,T. indica冬孢子大小平均值明显大于这些腥黑粉菌,前者大于30祄,后者则小于30祄, T. indica孢壁纹饰与这些腥黑粉菌也有一定区别。应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,能将T. indica与除T. walkeri之外的其它近似种区别开,但在区别T. indica与T. walkeri方面则有一定的局限性。     

贵州苦苣苔科一新记录属——弥勒苣苔属

报道了贵州苦苣苔科一新记录属--弥勒苣苔属(Paraisometrum W.T.Wang).该属为中国特有的单型属,仅弥勒苣苔(P.mileense W.T.Wang)一种,分布于云南东南部和广西西部,在贵州省为首次记录.本文对该种进行详细描述,重新确定了该种花冠的颜色为黄色,并提供了野外照片.凭证标本存放于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK).