慢性肾衰病人血清和红细胞抗氧化能力的ESR研究

用电子自旋共振(ESR)自旋捕集技术研究了正常人和肾衰病人血清和红细胞对黄嘌呤 黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的氧自由基的作用.结果发现:(1)正常人血清和红细胞能够有效地清除超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-),而肾衰病人血清和红细胞清除O_2~-的能力明显比正常人血清和红细胞低;(2)正常人血清能有效地把黄嘌呤 黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的O_2~-转化为·OH,病人血清在这方面与正常人血清有显著性差异.     

应用蛋白质芯片技术从血清中筛选肺癌标志蛋白

探讨用蛋白质芯片技术筛选肺癌病人血清中的特异性标志蛋白. 采用SELDI (surfaced enhanced laser desorption/ionization)蛋白芯片技术检测了30例肺癌(15例原发癌, 9例转移癌, 6例化疗后)病人血清和12例正常人血清中的蛋白质谱. 选用阴离子交换柱处理血清样品, 用5个不同pH的洗脱液和有机溶剂洗脱柱床, 通过改变洗脱液的pH值得到6个具有不同pI的蛋白质组分. 每个组分用IMAC-Cu和WCX2两种芯片检测. 采用美国Ciphergen 生物公司研制的蛋白质芯片阅读机读取数据, 获得的蛋白质谱采用Ciphergen 公司的Biomark Wizard软件分析. 结果显示, 肺癌病人与正常人的血清中有15个差异蛋白(标志分子)表达. 与正常人血清相比, 6个蛋白质在肺癌病人血清中高表达, 9个蛋白质在肺癌病人血清中低表达. 采用单一标志分子检测时, 敏感性为44.82%~93.1%, 特异性为85%~94.4%. 其中5个标志分子在两种芯片上被检测出来. 实验证明与肺癌相关的特异性标志分子可从病人血清中检测出来, 而且蛋白质芯片技术对于发现和筛选血清中的肺癌标志蛋白是一种有效、快速的工具.     

用定点自旋标记的方法研究天青蛋白疏水区的结构及其与P53蛋白的相互作用

定点自旋标记技术结合电子顺磁共振(ESR)波谱技术已成为检测蛋白质结构的有力工具.本文使用该方法研究了天青蛋白疏水区的结构特征及其与p53蛋白的相互作用.围绕天青蛋白疏水区构建了6个突变体,并对其进行自旋标记.溶液中标记位点的自旋谱线表明,45及63位自旋探针的运动受到很大限制,而59及65位的标记探针是在一个宽松的环...     

松茸多糖TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白活性及途径研究

本文初步研究了松茸多糖TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白作用机理。采用酪氨酸酶抑制实验、细胞水平黑色素测定实验来综合评价TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白功效;选定MITF、POMC和TYR三个靶基因作为研究对象,通过实时定量PCR实验,进一步阐明TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白作用靶点。结果显示,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ对酪氨酸酶具有一定的抑制作用,125μg/m L时酪氨酸酶抑制率为56.5%;不同浓度(3、30、300μg/m L)的TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品能成剂量依赖的方式抑制B16细胞内黑色素水平,当浓度为300μg/m L时,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品能够减少黑色素的含量,且优于熊果苷;TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ对MITF、POMC、TYR的表达水平均起下调作用,从而影响了黑素的形成。结果表明,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品具有一定的美白功效。TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品对酪氨酸酶生成的重要基因和主要影响因子的基因水平的表达起到抑制作用,从而减少酪氨酸酶的量。     

金属硫蛋白与红细胞的相互作用

根据金属硫蛋白(MT)对标记在膜上的马来酰亚胺自旋标记物的ESR波谱的影响,研究了MT与红细胞膜的相互作用,发现不同种属的MT对膜构象的影响不同.体外实验表明,MT可以吸附在红细胞的表面,用CdCl₂诱导家兔,对血浆和红细胞溶血液中的MT组分进行色谱分离,发现血液中的MT主要存在于血细胞中.进而对血液MT的来源、分布及其重要的生物学意义进行了讨论.     

黄瓜叶片蛋白质双向电泳样品分级优化

以‘津研4号’苗期叶片为材料,采用聚乙二醇(PEG)分级沉淀法对黄瓜叶片蛋白质样品进行分级分离,将黄瓜叶片中存在的高丰度蛋白1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶特异性地集中于一个组分之中,以提高对黄瓜叶片蛋白质双向电泳中低丰度蛋白质的检测率.结果表明:(1)分级后各组分和全蛋白在SDS-PAGE谱带中差异显著,全蛋白得到了有效的分离.(2)二维电泳图谱上点的分辨率有很大的提高,所有组分的点数是未分级前的3倍之多.(3)浓度为24％的PEG-4000富集高丰度蛋白Rubisco的效果最好.该方法可推广应用于黄瓜叶片蛋白质组分析的样品制备.     

基于生境斑块的滇金丝猴景观连接度分析

基于生境斑块,结合最小费用距离并运用图论法对滇金丝猴分布区进行栖息地连接度分析,研究利用猴群的现实分布结合Logistic回归模型确定了景观功能连接的最佳距离阈值,对于功能畅通的组分,以景观指数BC定量识别出作为"踏脚石"的优先保护区域;对于功能不连接的组分,绘制出最小费用路径,确定了该路径中优先恢复区域。结果表明:最佳的最小费用距离阈值为1400,该阈值下猴群主要存在于5个组分中,所有组分中猴群间的连接度优劣排序为组分3组分1组分5组分4,龙马山猴群(G15)没有"踏脚石"斑块使其与同一组分内的其他猴群相连接,应考虑优先恢复该区域的植被,研究成果对于该物种的保护和其他濒危物种的类似研究具有较强的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

人红细胞膜上的A,B和H血型抗原物质

血型物质是在红细胞膜上存在的表现血型特异的抗原物质。在人的红细胞膜上具有 A,B,H 和 Lewis 血型特异的抗原物质,如糖蛋白,糖脂和游离的低聚糖。血型特异的糖蛋白是唾液以及胃液等分泌液的组分。具有血型活性的低聚糖可在乳汁和尿中找到。活性的糖脂是红细胞膜和血清的组分。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素-X的1H-NMR信号归属

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素-X(huwentoxin-X,HWTX-X)是从虎纹捕鸟蛛(Ornithoctonus huwena)的粗毒中纯化的一种新型N-型电压敏感钙离子通道抑制剂.应用二维1H-NMR技术研究HWTX-X的溶液结构特点,通过分析水和重水中的DQF-COSY、TOCSY和NOESY谱,识别出全部28个氨基酸残基自旋体系;利用NOESY谱中的dαN、dβN、dNN和dαδ联系完成了序列专一的谱峰归属,从而确认了HWTX-X所有的主链质子和大于95%的侧链质子的化学位移,为完全解析HWTX-X的溶液三维结构奠定了基础.     

紫细菌光合色素指纹图谱的建立与色素分析

【目的】探索快速高效的色素样品制备方法;为建立紫细菌全色素TLC和HPLC标准指纹图谱和数据库提供研究方法和思路;为色素代谢与调控等研究提供快速的色素分析方法。【方法】选择沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopesudomonas palustris CQV97)为材料,采用改良丙酮甲醇提取法、TLC重复展层法、图像灰度分析法、吸收光谱法、HPLC和MS法进行色素分析。【结果】甲醇或丙酮可选择性地提取样品的细菌叶绿素和类胡萝卜素,通过对丙酮甲醇法的改良,使色素提取总量提高了13.5%。建立了CQV97菌株全色素的TLC和HPLC指纹图谱,二者均含有11种色素组分。图像灰度分析法估算了TLC指纹图谱各色素组分的表观相对含量。以TLC图谱的各色素组分为外标物,明确了HPLC图谱中各色素组分的保留时间(Rt)与TLC图谱中各色素组分的迁移率(Rf)之间的对应关系。结合色素代谢途径、光谱分析和MS,定性分析了指纹图谱中11种色素组分。TLC或HPLC分析结果表明,理论样品与对照样品色素组分和含量一致,而实际样品与对照样品色素组分一致,但含量不同,重复测定3次,样品中色素相对含量的RSD均小于5%。【结论】改良的丙酮甲醇法可以快速高效地提取光合细菌的色素。采用TLC重复展层法和HPLC法建立的全色素指纹图谱色素组成一致,重复稳定性好,各具特色。TLC和HPLC两种指纹图谱分析方法均能进行光合色素的快速分析,适合于紫细菌色素合成途径中主要积累色素的组分和含量变化规律研究。     

Analysis of NMR spectra of sugar chains of glycolipids by multiple relayed COSY and 2D homonuclear Hartman-Hahn spectroscopy

We applied multiple relayed COSY and 2D homonuclear Hartman-Hahn spectroscopy to globoside, a glycolipid purified from human red blood cells. The subspectra corresponding to individual sugar components were extracted even from overlapping proton resonances by taking the cross sections of 2D spectra parallel to the F2 axis at anomeric proton resonances, so that unambiguous assignments of sugar proton resonances were accomplished.     

Studies on acute human infections using FTIR microspectroscopy and cluster analysis

A novel methodology for the diagnosis of acute infections using FTIR microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) data on blood components and cluster analysis is presented. Blood samples were collected from 11 patients suffering from various infections and 16 age-matched healthy human controls. Blood components such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and plasma were isolated using standard procedures and FTIR-MSP of these components was utilized. A cluster analysis of the FTIR spectra was performed. The spectra obtained from the three blood components of patients were different from those of controls. The FTIR spectra of white blood cells from patients suffering infections were significantly different from the controls. Cluster analyses of averaged FTIR-MSP spectra of white blood cells provided 100% classification between patients and healthy controls.     

Acetylphenylhydrazine induced haemoglobin oxidation in erythrocytes studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy

The oxidative action of acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) on red blood cells obtained from healthy donors and from patients with breast cancer has been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Whole blood was incubated with APH for different time periods and the Mössbauer spectra of the packed red cells were recorded and compared. The evolution with time of the oxidation products has been followed. The largest difference in red cells analysis between healthy persons and patients was found after about 50 min of treatment where Mössbauer spectra of patient samples show a much broader spectral pattern due to an advanced haemoglobin oxidation.     

Multiplet component separation for measurement of methyl 13C-1H dipolar couplings in weakly aligned proteins

A simple spectral editing procedure is described that generates separate subspectra for the methyl ¹³C-¹H₃ multiplet components of ¹H-¹³C HSQC spectra. The editing procedure relies on co-addition of in-phase and antiphase spectra and yields ¹H-coupled constant-time HSQC subspectra for the methyl region that have the simplicity of the regular decoupled CT-HSQC spectrum. Resulting spectra permit rapid and reliable measurement of ¹H-¹³C J and dipolar couplings. The editing procedure is illustrated for a Ca²⁺-calmodulin sample in isotropic and liquid crystalline phases.     

Micro-Raman characterization of high- and low-spin heme moieties within single living erythrocytes

Raman microspectroscopy was applied to monitor porphyrin perturbation associated with the tense-relaxed (T --> R) state transition of hemoglobin (Hb) within a single red blood cell. The spectra exhibited dramatic changes in the spin state region (1650-1500 cm(-1)) and the methine C-H deformation region (1250-1200 cm(-1)) between the 27- and 54-min interval following reoxygenation. Principal components analysis revealed a sigmoidal curve when the PC1 scores versus time were plotted. The inflection point on the curve corresponded to the T --> R transition point spectrum, indicating the cell is composed of Hb in a mixture of spin states. The results of this work illustrate the dynamics of porphyrin perturbation during erythrocyte respiration and may have applications in the diagnosis and treatment of red blood cell disorders including thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.     

Whole blood and component use in resource poor settings

Data on blood collection, testing and component preparation has improved worldwide; however, there is limited information on blood utilization from the developing countries. Blood requirement in the Southeast Asia region is 15 million units against a collection of 9.3 million. There is huge diversity in the management of blood transfusion services, the voluntary blood collection (range 40–100%) and proportion of blood separated into components (10–95%). The major indications for transfusion are for emergency obstetric care, surgery, pediatric and trauma patients. The prevalence of thalassemia in this region is high and in India alone 2 million units of packed red cells are required for transfusion to these patients. The Blood Safety Program in India has developed as a component of the National Aids Control Program and has lead to infrastructure development, blood component separation facilities and formulation of a National Blood Policy. In order to facilitate emergency obstetric care nearer home, blood storage centers are being established at primary health care centers. Emerging infectious threats like dengue hemorrhagic fever necessitate platelet transfusion therapy. A few centers in India issue NAT screened blood. It is envisaged to establish a nationally co-ordinated transfusion service for cost-effective quality blood/components for appropriate clinical use.     

Reaction between anti-erythrocyte-membrane immune sera and erythrocytes of patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia. Observations made with immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods]

The immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques have been applied to erythrocytes from the periferal blood of beta thalassemia patients, coated with rabbit anti human erythrocyte membrane antibodies. Enhanced staininh has been found in a number of mature and immature red blood cells, as well as the presence of plasma proteins sticking to the surface of the erythrocytes.     

Effect of hemolysis on Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra of blood plasma

Hemolysis is a very common phenomenon and is referred as the release of intracellular components from red blood cells to the extracellular fluid. Hemolyzed samples are often rejected in clinics due to the interference of hemoglobin and intracellular components in laboratory measurements. Plasma and serum based vibrational spectroscopy studies are extensively applied to generate spectral biomarkers for various diseases. However, no studies have reported the effect of hemolysis in blood based vibrational spectroscopy studies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of hemolysis on infrared and Raman spectra of blood plasma. In this study, prostate cancer plasma samples (n = 30) were divided into three groups (nonhemolyzed, mildly hemolyzed, and moderately hemolyzed) based on the degree of hemolysis and FTIR and Raman spectra were recorded using high throughput (HT)‐FTIR and HT‐Raman spectroscopy. Discrimination was observed between the infrared and Raman spectra of nonhemolyzed and hemolyzed plasma samples using principal component analysis. A classical least square fitting analysis showed differences in the weighting of pure components in nonhemolyzed and hemolyzed plasma samples. Therefore, it is worth to consider the changes in spectral features due to hemolysis when comparing the results within and between experiments.     

A study of membrane protein defects and alpha hemoglobin chains of red blood cells in human beta thalassemia

The soluble pool of alpha hemoglobin chains present in blood or bone marrow cells was measured with a new affinity method using a specific probe, beta A hemoglobin chain labeled with [3H]N-ethylmaleimide. This pool of soluble alpha chains was 0.067 +/- 0.017% of hemoglobin in blood of normal adult, 0.11 +/- 0.03% in heterozygous beta thalassemia and ranged from 0.26 to 1.30% in homozygous beta thalassemia intermedia. This elevated pool of soluble alpha chains observed in human beta thalassemia intermedia decreased 33-fold from a value of 10% of total hemoglobin in bone marrow cells to 0.3% in the most dense red blood cells. The amount of insoluble alpha chains was measured by using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea and Triton X-100. In beta thalassemia intermedia the amount of insoluble alpha chains was correlated with the decreased spectrin content of red cell membrane and was associated with a decrease in ankyrin and with other abnormalities of the electrophoretic pattern of membrane proteins. The loss and topology of the reactive thiol groups of membrane proteins was determined by using [3H]N-ethylmaleimide added to membrane ghosts prior to urea and Triton X-100 electrophoresis. Spectrin and ankyrin were the major proteins with the most important decrease of thiol groups.     

M?ssbauer study of red blood cells from patients with erythremia

Red blood cell samples from several patients with erythremia have been studied by M?ssbauer spectroscopy. Quadrupole splitting and isomer shift for oxyhemoglobin from erythremic red blood cells and those of oxyhemoglobin from normal ones differ slightly, while these hyperfine parameters for deoxyhemoglobins are the same. An additional component in M?ssbauer spectra of red blood cell samples was observed in some cases of erythremia. It is proposed that this component is related to ferritin-like iron and its content ranged from 13-15% to 5-7%.