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基因沉默或RNA 沉默是植物、真菌以及无脊椎动物抵御病毒侵染的重要机制, 为了应对这种机制, 病毒编码RNA 沉默抑制子抑制宿主的基因沉默, 抵抗由基因沉默介导的宿主对病毒的抗性. 病毒编码的RNA 沉默抑制子, 又被称为病毒基因沉默抑制子, 广泛存在于各种植物RNA 病毒和DNA 病毒以及部分动物病毒中. 近年来, 针对病毒基因沉默抑制子作用机制的研究表明, 病毒基因沉默抑制子通过与宿主基因沉默通路中的RNA 或者关键蛋白分子相互作用, 发挥抑制宿主对病毒的抗性以及干扰宿主正常的基因表达调控的功能. 由于植物基因沉默通路的复杂性, 病毒基因沉默抑制子的作用机制也是复杂而多样的. 相似文献
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烟草花叶病毒及其弱毒疫苗-N14基因组cDNA克隆的构建与侵染性分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
植物病毒弱毒疫苗在防治植物病毒病害中发挥着重要的作用,但对于其致弱的根本原因和机理仍不十分清楚。弱病毒能够在植物体内生存和繁殖,却不严重危害植物的生长、开花和种子生产,而对外来病毒具有杀灭和防治作用,这种共生和保护宿主的现象是大多数植物弱病毒所具有的共同... 相似文献
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基因疫苗--防治疾病的新武器 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
基因疫苗(genevaccine)又名DNA疫苗(DNAvaccine)。基因疫苗常被称作“裸”DNA疫苗。它不含肽、蛋白质或病毒载体,只是由来源于病原体的一个抗原编码基因及作为其载体的质粒DNA组成。这段抗原编码基因可在活体细胞中控制合成抗原蛋白,从而引起免疫反应。它所合成的抗原蛋白类似于亚单位疫苗,区别只在于基因疫苗的抗原蛋白是在免疫对象体内产生的。1990年,Wolff等发现,对肌肉直接进行DNA注射能够得到表达的蛋白产物,并指出,这可能为发展疫苗提供新的途径。1993年,Ulmer等将携带流感病毒核心蛋白编… 相似文献
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利用植物病毒表达载体表达外源蛋白是近年来发展起来的具有表达量大,速度快和廉价等优势的生产系统,其有4种构建策略;基因取代,基因插入,融合抗原和基因互补,此外还从病毒表达载体的基础性研究和商业应用方面进行了详细讨论。 相似文献
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为研究乙脑病毒减毒株SA14-14-2 E蛋白基因稳定性,将乙脑病毒减毒株SA14-14-2在原代地鼠肾细胞(PHK)上传至18代,应用RT-PCR分别扩增PHK6代、PHK7代、PHK8代、PHK13代、PHK18代E蛋白基因并测序后,与Genebank中乙脑病毒减毒株SA14-14-2(D90195)进行比较分析。PHK6、PHK7、PHK8代病毒与D90195 E蛋白核苷酸和氨基酸序列完全相同。PHK13、PHK18代病毒与D90195E蛋白核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.8%、99.7%,与D90195E蛋白氨基酸序列同源性分别为99.6%、99.4%。各代次病毒E蛋白与减毒相关氨基酸未发生改变,同时所有突变的氨基酸均非SA14原有的,故不是恢复性突变。结果表明乙脑病毒减毒株SA14-14-2的遗传学特性稳定,从分子水平证明乙脑病毒减毒株SA14-14-2及其生产的疫苗具有安全性。 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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