秀珍菇粉对H22荷瘤小鼠体内抗肿瘤作用研究

目的本试验旨在研究秀珍菇抗肿瘤作用及其抑瘤机制。方法选用ICR雄性小鼠60只,取10只作为空白组,剩余50只小鼠通过腋部皮下接种H22小鼠腹水构建荷瘤小鼠模型,造模后随机分为模型组、阳性药(CTX)组、秀珍菇低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。模型组小鼠灌服生理盐水,阳性药组小鼠按20 mg/kg体重隔天腹腔注射注射环磷酰胺(CTX)生理盐水溶液,秀珍菇低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别按750、1500、3000 mg/kg体重每天剂量灌服秀珍菇生理盐水混悬液。给药10 d后,测定各组小鼠平均瘤重,肿瘤抑制率;测定免疫器官脏器指数、血清免疫球蛋白和细胞因子含量;测定肝、肾抗氧化指标;观察肿瘤和脾组织HE染色病理切片。结果 (1) CTX及秀珍菇低、中、高剂量组小鼠的平均瘤重均极显著低于模型组(P0. 01),四组小鼠肿瘤抑制率分别为55. 18%,29. 06%、47. 47%和48. 80%。(2)与空白组比较,模型组小鼠脾指数、血清Ig A和TNF-α含量及肝MDA含量显著升高(P0. 05,P0. 01),血清IL-6含量有上升趋势(P 0. 05),而血清IL-2含量、肝CAT和GSH-Px活性及肾SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性显著降低(P0. 05,P0. 01);同时,CTX组小鼠胸腺指数显著低于空白组(P0. 05)。(3)秀珍菇对荷瘤小鼠免疫和抗氧化功能异常改变具有逆转作用:与模型组比较,秀珍菇各剂量组小鼠血清Ig A和TNF-α含量及高剂量组小鼠IL-6水平显著降低(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),低剂量组小鼠血清IL-2水平显著升高(P 0. 01);秀珍菇处理还显著提高了各剂量组荷瘤小鼠肝CAT活性及肾SOD和CAT活性(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),显著升高中、高剂量组肝GSH-Px活性和低、中剂量组肾GSH-Px活性(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),并显著降低中剂量组的肝MDA含量(P 0. 05)。(4)与CTX组比较,秀珍菇高剂量组小鼠脾指数显著提高(P 0. 05),而血清IL-6水平显著降低(P 0. 05)。(5)肿瘤组织病理切片显示CTX组和秀珍菇各剂量组的肿瘤坏死面积明显增加。结论秀珍菇可抑制H22实体移植瘤生长,其机制与其具有较强的免疫调节和抗氧化作用有关。     

迷迭香提取物对小鼠急性酒精肝模型保护作用研究

研究迷迭香提取物(Rosemary Extract,RE)对小鼠急性酒精肝损伤的保护作用,并从酒精代谢、脂代谢、抗氧化和抗炎几个方面探讨其作用机制。将小鼠随机分为空白对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、欣立得组(Metadoxine Capsules,MC,200 mg/kg·d),RE剂量组80、160、400 mg/kg·d,给药30 d后建立小鼠急性酒精肝损伤模型,检测血清ALT、AST、TG、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10浓度,肝脏MDA、SOD、GSH-Px、ADH活性,qRT-PCR检测肝脏脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、脂肪分化相关蛋白(ADRP)、细胞色素P450 2E1(CYP2E1)、过氧化物酶体增值物激活α受体(PPARα)和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase3)mRNA的表达,HE染色观察肝脏组织病理变化。RE组小鼠血清ADH活性升高,ALT、AST和TG含量降低,醒酒时间缩短,肝脏组织脂肪变性减轻,细胞凋亡相关基因Caspase3表达降低,保护机制研究发现RE能下调FAS和ADRP基因表达,减少肝脏脂肪合成;提高抗氧化损伤酶SOD、GSH-Px活性,下调酒精代谢中ROS合成基因CYP2E1和上调抗氧化损伤和炎症基因PPARα表达,使MDA浓度降低,减轻肝脏氧化损伤;降低炎性因子TNF-α和IL-6浓度,提高抗炎因子IL-10浓度。实验结果表明RE对小鼠急性酒精肝损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抗氧化、抗炎和脂肪代谢调节有关。     

微生物发酵四君子汤制剂对荷瘤小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的探讨微生物发酵四君子汤制剂(FSJZD)对荷瘤小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法通过建立小鼠S180肿瘤模型,分别采用黄嘌呤法、硫代巴比妥酸法、硝酸还原酶法检测血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,研究FSJZD的抗氧化能力。结果 FSJZD可显著升高荷瘤小鼠及CTX治疗荷瘤小鼠所致免疫抑制模型血清中的SOD水平,明显降低CTX所致免疫抑制小鼠血清中NO和MDA含量。结论 FSJZD能够显著提高荷瘤机体的抗氧化能力、降低化疗对机体产生的危害作用。     

板蓝根多糖体内抗肿瘤作用与免疫功能调节实验研究

本研究主要探讨板蓝根多糖(RIP)对荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及其对免疫功能的影响。通过建立S180小鼠移植瘤和腹水瘤模型,以环磷酰胺(CTX)为阳性对照药,观察RIP对其的影响。连续给药12 d后,测定移植瘤小鼠的瘤重,计算肿瘤生长抑制率和胸腺、脾脏指数;检测脾淋巴细胞的转化功能和NK细胞杀伤活性以及血清中的TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-2水平;并对肿瘤组织进行HE染色和细胞周期分析;对进行相同给药周期的腹水瘤小鼠继续正常饲养,记录各组小鼠自然死亡的时间。结果显示,不同剂量的RIP均可明显抑制小鼠肿瘤的生长,其100 mg/kg和50 mg/kg剂量组的抑瘤率分别为35.4%,38.5%;各剂量组移植瘤小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数与对照组比较有所提高,还能刺激脾淋巴细胞的转化及增强NK细胞的杀伤活性,升高血清中TNF-α、INF-γ和IL-2的含量,其50 mg/kg组与模型对照组相比有统计学差异(P0.01)。此外,移植瘤组织HE染色观察可见各给药组肿瘤组织坏死面积呈不同比例增大,流式细胞仪检测出给药后G_0/G_1期细胞比例增加,S期细胞比例降低,G_2/M期细胞周期未见明显变化。由此提示,RIP能够增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,对荷瘤小鼠具有抗肿瘤作用,能延长荷瘤小鼠的生存时间。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对心力衰竭小鼠心肌损伤的影响

为了评估表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对心力衰竭小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用,本研究通过主动脉弓缩窄术建立了心力衰竭的昆明小鼠模型,然后应用EGCG (20 mg/kg)处理小鼠4周。采用苏木精和伊红染色评价心肌组织的病理改变。采用ELISA法检测血清脑钠肽(BNP)、N末端-脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的水平,采用Western blotting检测小鼠心肌组织中collagenⅠ、collagenⅢ、Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3、TGF-β1、Smad3和p-Smad3水平。采用RT-qPCR检测心肌组织中collagenⅠ和collagenⅢ的表达,通过免疫荧光染色检测TGF-β1和p-Smad3的表达。研究显示,EGCG可有效减弱心力衰竭所致细胞坏死、组织肿胀、心肌纤维断裂等病理变化,并且显著降低心力衰竭诊断标志物BNP和NT-proBNP的水平。EGCG可显著降低小鼠心肌组织中的collagenⅠ和collagenⅢ的表达水平。EGCG处理可显著降低TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的水平。EGCG处理显著降低了心力衰竭小鼠血清MDA水平,而升高了SOD和GSH-Px水平。EGCG可显著上调心力衰竭小鼠心肌组织中Bcl2的表达,而下调Bax和caspase-3的表达。TGF-β信号通路激活剂可显著上调心肌组织中的TGF-β表达,而EGCG处理可显著抑制TGF-β1和p-Smad3蛋白的表达。表明EGCG可抑制心力衰竭小鼠的心肌纤维化、炎症反应、氧化应激和细胞凋亡,从而减轻心肌损伤。EGCG对心肌的保护作用可能与抑制TGF-β1/smad3信号通路有关。     

非洲乍得湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖对S_(180)腹水瘤小鼠免疫抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

采用小鼠S180腹水瘤模型,观察非洲乍得湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖不同剂量组小鼠的生存状况、瘤体外观,测定非洲乍得湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖对小鼠免疫器官指数及血清IL-2和TNF-α水平的影响,以探讨非洲乍得湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖对肿瘤的抑制作用及其对S180腹水瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用。结果表明:高、中、低三个剂量的非洲乍得湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖均能改善腹水瘤小鼠的生存状况,缩小肿瘤在体内扩散的范围;不同浓度的非洲乍得湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖组小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数均高于模型组,肝体/比均低于模型组,以中剂量组作用效果最为显著(P0.05);不同剂量的非洲乍得湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖均显著提高小鼠血清TNF-α的水平(P0.05),对IL-2含量的影响表现为三个剂量组的均高于模型组,且高、中剂量组的与模型组相比差异显著(P0.05);三种剂量组之间相比,中剂量组对IL-2和TNF-α的诱生作用最明显,与高、低剂量组相比差异均显著(P0.05)。研究结果提示,非洲乍得湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖能够促进小鼠免疫器官的生长发育从而增强免疫功能,也可通过促进小鼠免疫细胞分泌TNF-α和IL-2而发挥免疫调节作用。     

马齿苋水提物对溃疡性结肠炎保护作用的实验研究

目的:探讨马齿苋水提物对溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)的保护作用。方法:利用葡聚糖硫酸钠(Dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)诱导C57BL/6复制UC模型,将小鼠随机分为6组,分别为正常组,DSS模型组,SASP对照组,马齿苋低、中、高剂量组(100,200 mg/kg和400 mg/kg),每天ig给药1次,记录小鼠体重并统计疾病活动指数(Disease activity index,DAI)评分,连续7天。于第8天,测定结肠长度,测定MDA、SOD以及NO含量,观察结肠病理学形态变化,并测定IL-6,IL-1β与TNF-αm RNA的表达。结果:模型组与正常组比较,小鼠体重,结肠长度及SOD有显著降低(P0.05),而DAI评分,MDA、NO含量以及TNF-α,IL-6与IL-1βm RNA的表达有明显升高(P0.05)。而马齿苋水提物中、高组与模型组比较,小鼠的体重,结肠长度以及SOD含量均有显著性提高(P0.05),结肠组织病理损伤有所改善,DAI评分MDA、NO含量以及TNF-α,IL-6与IL-1βm RNA的表达均有明显降低(P0.05)。结论:马齿苋水提物对UC具有保护作用,可能与改变SOD、NO与MDA而抑制氧化应激反应及下调TNF-α,IL-6与IL-1β等细胞因子m RNA的表达而降低炎症反应有关。     

睡莲花总黄酮对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的防治作用

探讨睡莲花总黄酮(NCTF)对四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制。60只昆明种小鼠随机分为6组:正常组、模型组、联苯双酯组(150 mg/kg)和NCTF低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200 mg/kg),灌胃给药,连续7 d。末次给药1 h后,除正常组腹腔注射大豆油0.2 m L/10 g外,其余各组均腹腔注射0.12%的CCl4大豆油溶液0.2 m L/kg。禁食8 h后,摘眼球取血,分离血清,检测谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转胺酶(AST)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ);解剖取肝脏、脾脏,计算肝、脾指数,制备肝匀浆,检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO),留取肝左叶行病理组织学检查。与模型组比较,NCTF(100、200 mg/kg)能显著降低小鼠血清ALT、AST、TNF-α和IL-6水平以及小鼠的肝、脾指数(P0.05);并可明显提高小鼠肝组织匀浆SOD、GSH-Px的活性(P0.05),显著降低MDA和NO水平(P0.05)。病理组织学检查结果显示不同剂量NCTF均可减轻小鼠的肝组织损伤程度。结果说明NCTF对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制可能与抗氧化和抑制炎症因子的释放有关。     

不同剂量朱砂七总蒽醌对H22荷瘤小鼠免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量朱砂七总蒽醌对H22荷瘤小鼠免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响。方法:选取清洁级昆明小鼠60只,按照随机数字表法分为正常对照组、H22荷瘤组、环磷酰胺组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,每组各10只。除正常对照组外,其余5组小鼠建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型。低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组分别给予0.3 g/kg、0.6 g/kg、1.2 g/kg的朱砂七总蒽醌悬浊液干预,环磷酰胺组给予0.02 g/kg的环磷酰胺干预,正常对照组和H22荷瘤组给予等剂量的1%的羧甲基纤维素钠干预。比较各组小鼠的肿瘤体质量、抑瘤率、T淋巴细胞亚群以及血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平。结果:环磷酰胺组、高剂量组的肿瘤体质量低于低剂量组,抑瘤率高于低剂量组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。高剂量组的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均高于环磷酰胺组、低剂量组、中剂量组,CD8+低于环磷酰胺组、低剂量组、中剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。高剂量组血清SOD、GSH-Px水平高于其他5组,MDA、LDH水平低于H22荷瘤组、低剂量组、中剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:朱砂七总蒽醌具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,可增强小鼠的免疫功能和抗氧化能力,且具有剂量效应。     

藻蓝蛋白的抑瘤活性及抗氧化作用的研究

目的:观察藻蓝蛋白(phycocyanin,PC)对接种S180肉瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长及抗氧化功能的影响。方法:昆明小鼠随机分为6组(10只/组)。即模型组、PC低、中、高、最高剂量组(25,50,100,200mg/kg·d)、环磷酰胺组(CY对照组)。各组小鼠右前腋窝皮下接种S180肉瘤细胞,第二天除模型组外,其余5组分别以不同剂量的PC灌胃、CY(40mg/kg·d)腹腔注射,15天后处死,完整剥离出肿瘤,称重,计算抑瘤率;测定血浆中SOD活力、MDA含量及红细胞溶血度。结果:1.除PC低剂量组外,中、高、最高剂量组肿瘤生长比模型组显著缓慢(P<0.01),抑瘤率分别为34.8%、56.9%、68.4%、61.9%。2.PC高、最高剂量组可升高小鼠血浆中SOD酶的活力(P<0.05);PC各剂量组均能降低小鼠血浆中MDA的含量,最高剂量组与模型组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),PC低、中、高剂量组与模型组比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。3.除PC低剂量组外,中、高、最高剂量组均能降低红细胞溶血度(P<0.05),其中高剂量组与模型组比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:PC各剂量组可以抑制小鼠S180肿瘤...     

芪蝎活血通络汤对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠神经功能、氧化应激及炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨芪蝎活血通络汤对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠神经功能、氧化应激及炎症因子的影响。方法:50只SD大鼠随机选取40只采用线栓法构建脑缺血再灌注模型,其中36只成功,4只死亡。随机数字表法将36只脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠分为模型组、低剂量组(芪蝎活血通络汤2.0 mg/kg灌胃处理)、中剂量组(芪蝎活血通络汤4.0 mg/kg灌胃处理)和高剂量组(芪蝎活血通络汤8.0 mg/kg灌胃处理),每组9只,剩余10只大鼠仅切开皮肤分离和夹闭血管(对照组)。建模后芪蝎活血通络汤各剂量组给予相应剂量灌胃,对照组和模型组给予同剂量生理盐水灌胃,持续4周。用药4周后测评各组大鼠神经功能缺损程度、双侧贴纸去除时间、平衡木过杆时间,并测定各组大鼠脑组织中含水量、脑梗死面积以及氧化应激[过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)]和炎症因子[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),白细胞介素-6(IL-6),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]指标。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠m NSS评分、脑组织含水量、MDA含量、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高(P<0.05),双侧贴纸去除时间、平衡木过杆时间延长(P<0.05),脑梗死面积增大(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,芪蝎活血通络汤各剂量组大鼠m NSS评分、脑组织含水量、MDA含量、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05),双侧贴纸去除时间、平衡木过杆时间缩短(P<0.05),脑梗死面积缩小(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性升高(P<0.05);与低剂量组比较,中、高剂量组大鼠m NSS评分降低(P<0.05),双侧贴纸去除时间、平衡木过杆时间缩短(P<0.05);高剂量组大鼠脑梗死面积、脑组织MDA、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α低于低剂量组(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px、CAT高于低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论:芪蝎活血通络汤可降低大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤,改善神经功能,其治疗作用可能与抗氧化,抗炎作用有关,8.0 mg/kg剂量效果最显著。     

超强静磁场联合环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤和相关生理指标的影响

实验探讨了超强静磁场(ultra strong static magnetic field,USMF)联合环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CTX)连续处理,对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤、抗氧化、免疫及骨髓抑制等方面的影响。对S180肉瘤小鼠分组处理后,剥取肉瘤组织称重并进行病理检验。检测过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活力、总抗氧化能力,以及肝脏和肾脏中丙二醛的含量、脾脏和胸腺指数、脾脏淋巴细胞转化率、外周血中的白细胞数目和骨髓细胞的DNA含量。腹水瘤小鼠同样处理后正常饲养,记录生存时间。结果发现,USMF+CTX组的抑瘤率(72.5%)比CTX组(51.5%)提高了40.8%,生命延长率提高了1.5倍,抗氧化和免疫能力也有一定程度的增强。表明USMF结合CTX,可以协同性抑制S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长,并减轻CTX对小鼠的副作用。     

Pre-existing tumor-sensitized T cells are essential for eradication of established tumors by IL-12 and cyclophosphamide plus IL-12.

The antitumor immune response activated by IL-12, especially by a combination of cyclophosphamide and IL-12 (Cy+IL-12), is clinically significant in certain experimental tumor models, in that a number of well-established (10-20 mm in diameter) s.c. tumors are completely eradicated. Furthermore, Cy+IL-12 treatment is also able to eradicate well-established grossly detectable experimental lung metastases and advanced ascites tumors. Despite the dramatic antitumor effects seen in some tumor models, Cy+IL-12 fails to induce regression of other established tumors. Characterization of tumor immunogenicity shows that all tumors responding to IL-12 and Cy+IL-12 treatments are immunogenic tumors, in that an antitumor immune response is detectable in tumor-bearing hosts upon tumor establishment. In contrast, none of the nonimmunogenic tumor responds to IL-12 and Cy+IL-12 treatments. Analysis of cellular requirements for successful tumor rejection through an adoptive cell transfer approach reveals that the presence of tumor-sensitized, but not naive, T cells is essential for tumor rejection by IL-12 and Cy+IL-12. Transfer of these tumor-sensitized T cells must be conducted before, but not after, IL-12 treatment in order for tumor rejection to occur. The requirement of sensitized T cells is also tumor specific. In mice bearing immunogenic tumors, the presence of pre-existing tumor-sensitized T cells is demonstrated by adoptive cell transfer experiments using purified spleen T cells from these mice. Results from our study show that Cy+IL-12-based immunotherapy of cancer may be highly effective and that pre-existing tumor-sensitized T cells are essential for the success of the therapy.     

Effect of Danshen aqueous extract on serum hs-CRP, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α levels, and IL-10 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA expression levels, cerebral TGF-β1 positive expression level and its neuroprotective mechanisms in CIR rats

To observe the effects of Danshen aqueous extract (DSAE) on the cerebral tissue and nerve stem cells in cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) rats. The model rats were prepared by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 h and then by reperfusion. They were randomly divided into five groups: a control group, an CIR group and three DSAE-treated groups. As compared with the sham control group, there was significant increase (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels, interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, and IL-10 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA expression levels, function score, Infarct size, TUNEL + cell counts, cerebral transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) positive expression and cerebral neuron specific enolase (NSE) levels, and decrease in fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and death-associated protein (Daxx) positive expression levels in the CIR group. Compared with CIR group, DSAE treatment dose-dependently significantly decreased serum hs-CRP, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α levels, and IL-10 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA expression levels, function score, Infarct size, TUNEL + cell counts, cerebral TGF-β1 positive expression and cerebral NSE levels, and increase FADD and Daxx positive expression levels in the CIR + DSAE groups. Taken together, these results suggest that DSAE has a neuroprotective role in the CIR rats, which may be related to improvement of immunity function, proteins and genes expression.     

Effect of honey on mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 following acute toxoplasmosis in mice

This study analyzed the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in mice experimentally infected with T. gondii undergoing honey treatment. Thirty male mice were divided in groups: pre-treatment/infected (1), infected/non-treated (2), infected/treated (3), non-infected/treated (4) and control (5). Honey was applied for groups 1, 3, 4 by gavage and the mice in group 1–3 were infected by T. gondii tissue cysts. The parasite load and the level of mRNA expression of the aforementioned cytokines in the brains of mice were assessed by qPCR. The mean number of T. gondii tachyzoite in 1 mg brain tissue was 32, 73 and 59 in groups one, two and three, respectively. The mRNA expression of TNF-α increased in group 1, 2 and 3, about 49.1%, 307.3% and 63.2%, respectively but it was down-regulated by 53% in group 4. The mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was also up-regulated in all groups except group 2. The mRNA level of TNF-α was reduced by 2.7-fold and 1.18-fold in pre-treated/infected (group 1) and infected/treated (group 3) compared with infected/non-treated (group 2). The mRNA level of IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in these groups. The current study demonstrated that honey can stimulate or suppress the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice brains. Furthermore, honey suppresses the TNF-α mRNA expression in the presence of T. gondii infection but it stimulates the IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression. Treatment of the mice with honey reduces parasite multiplication in the brain.     

灵芝发酵液多糖提取物对荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫的动态观察

目的:观察灵芝发酵液多糖提取物对S180荷瘤小鼠部分免疫指标的动态调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤机制.方法:S180瘤细胞荷瘤昆明小鼠80只建立动物模型,生理盐水组(NS组)与灵芝发酵液多糖组(GFG组)各40只,分别于荷瘤后第4,7,10,13,16天每组各处死8只小鼠,检测GFG对NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率的影响.结果:GFG能显著提高荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性和淋巴细胞转化率.随荷瘤时间延长,GFG组较NS组能维持较高水平(P＜0.01),但总体呈下降趋势.结论:灵芝发酵液多糖提取物能显著提高NK细胞活性和淋巴细胞转化率,并维持一定水平.     

白细胞介素-2联合环磷酰胺对乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞的影响

目的：调节性T细胞（Regulatory T cells,Treg）被认为能够抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而促进肿瘤生长。环磷酰胺（Cyclophosphamide,CTX）是个常规化疗药物,现在更多的注意力集中在其小剂量应用时可以删除Treg。了解小剂量环磷酰胺联合白细胞介素-2（Interleukin-2,IL-2）对4T1Balb/c乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞的影响及其抗肿瘤效果。方法：通过皮下接种4T1乳腺癌细胞建立乳腺癌Balb/c荷瘤小鼠模型;20只荷瘤小鼠随机分为IL-2＋NS组、PBS＋CTX组、IL-2＋CTX组及PBS＋NS组,在种瘤第10天开始对荷瘤小鼠分别经腹腔按方案给药。在种瘤后第16天人道处死小鼠,采用流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞数量,应用ELISA法检测血清干扰素-γ浓度,电子称称量肿瘤重量。结果：与对照组相比,在应用IL-2后,荷瘤小鼠脾脏CD4＋CD25＋/CD4＋比值增加,在应用IL-2的同时使用小剂量CTX可减少CD4＋CD25＋/CD4＋的比值;单次及联合用药均可提高血清INF-γ浓度;联合用药可减少肿瘤重量。结论：小剂量CTX可以减少由使用IL-2所增加的Treg数量,促进抗肿瘤免疫,提高IL-2的抗瘤效果,从而抑制肿瘤生长。该研究可能为乳腺癌的临床治疗提供一种有效的方法。     

Therapeutic effect of artemisinin on lupus nephritis mice and its mechanisms

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of artemisinin (Art) on lupus nephritis mice and its mechanisms by comparing the differences between lupus nephritis (LN) mice given Art and control mice in molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, and histopathology. The results showed that Art could remarkably relieve the symptoms, decrease the level of urine protein/24 h, and alleviate pathological renal lesions. The differences among the four groups in the expression of the NF-κBp65 protein, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, and the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA in renal tissue suggested that Art can lower the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inhibit the expression of the NF-κBp65 protein and NF-κB and TGF-β1 mRNA in the renal tissues of LN mice. These results proved that it is reliable and effective to use Art to treat LN mice, and its therapeutic mechanisms should closely be related to the fact that Art can obviously decrease the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and down-regulate the expression of the NF-κBp65 protein and NF-κB and TGF-β1 mRNA in renal tissues.     

Analysis of the expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and cytokine production during experimental Leishmania chagasi infection

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-derived molecules and influence immunity to control parasite infections. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4, the expression and production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the spleen of mice infected with Leishmania chagasi. It also aimed to evaluate any correlations between mRNA expression TLR2 and 4 and cytokines and NO production. Infection resulted in increased TLR2-4, IL-17, TNF-α and TGF-β mRNA expression during early infection, with decreased expression during late infection correlating with parasite load. IFN-γ and IL-12 mRNA expression decreased at the peak of parasitism. IL-10 mRNA expression increased throughout the entire time period analysed. Although TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-17 were highly produced during the initial phase of infection, IFN-γ and IL-12 exhibited high production during the final phase of infection. IL-10 and NO showed increased production throughout the evaluated time period. In the acute phase of infection, there was a positive correlation between TLR2-4, TNF-α, IL-17, NO, IL-10 and TGF-β expression and parasite load. During the chronic phase of infection, there was a positive correlation between TLR2-4, TNF-α, IL-17 and TGF-β expression and parasite load. Our data suggest that infection by L. chagasi resulted in modulation of TLRs 2 and 4 and cytokines.