兔迷走复合区内微量注射TRH对奥迪氏括约肌肌电的影响及传出途径分析

目的和方法：本工作旨在研究免迷走复合区（ＤＶＣ）内ＴＲＨ对奥迪氏括约肌（ＳＯ）肌电的调节作用及外周途径。结果：（１）ＤＶＣ内注射ＴＲＨ（０．８ｎｍｏｌ,１μｌ）后,慢波电位（ＳＷ）频率不变,但锋电位频率（ＦＳＰＳＯ）及幅度（ＡＳＰＳＯ）、锋电位发生率（ＩＳＰ）明显增加．（２）ＤＶＣ内分别注射不同剂量ＴＲＨ（０．１３,０．２５,０．５０,０．８０,１．３０ｎｍｏｌ,１μｌ）后,各剂量ＴＲＨ均能引起ＦＳＰＳＯ增加。随注射剂量的增加,ＳＯ反应强度和持续时间均增加,呈现明显的剂量反应关系。（３）ＤＶＣ内注射ＴＲＨ兴奋ＦＳＰＳＯ的效应可被静脉注射阿托品（０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）或迷走神经切断完全阻断,但不能被静脉注射酚妥拉明（１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、心得安（１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）或脊髓切断术所阻断。结论：ＤＶＣ内ＴＲＨ可能对ＳＯ肌电有重要的调节作用,这种作用是通过迷走神经及外周Ｍ受体介导。     

兔迷走复合区内微量注射TRH对奥迪氏括约肌肌电的影响及？…

目的和方法：本工作旨在研究兔迷走复合区（ＤＶＣ）内ＴＲＨ对奥迪氏括约肌电的调节作用及外周途径。结果：（１）ＤＶＣ内注射ＴＲＨ（０．８ｎｍｏｌ,μｌ）后,慢波电位（ＳＷ）频率不变,但锋电位频率（ＦＳＰＳＯ）及幅度（ＡＳＰ－ＳＯ）,锋电位发生率（ＩＳＰ）明显增加。（２）ＤＶＣ内分别注射不同剂量ＴＲＨ（０．１３,０．２５,０．５０,０．８０,１．３０ｎｍｏｌ,１μｌ）后,各剂量ＴＲＨ均能引起ＦＳＰＳＯ增     

中缝隐核投射至中脑导水管周围灰质腹侧部的递质分析

实验在戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠上进行。双侧中脑导水管周围灰质腹侧部（ｖＰＡＧ）微量注射１μｇ／μｌ肾上腺素（每侧０．１μｌ）,刺激中缝隐核（ＮＲＯ）引起的降压反应明显增强,但该效应可被ｖＰＡＧ预先注射心得安所阻断,而注射酚妥拉明对上述效应无明显影响;ｖＰＡＧ内单独微量注射１μｇ／μｌ心得安（每侧０．１μｌ）,可部分阻断ＮＲＯ降压反应,而注射１μｇ／μｌ酚妥拉明（每侧０．１μｌ）无明显影响;双侧ｖＰＡＧ微量注射１０μｇ／μｌ吗啡或０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ５－ＨＴ（每侧０．１μｌ）,基础血压无明显变化,ＮＫＯ的降压反应幅度减小（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示,ＮＫＯ对ｖＰＡＧ的兴奋作用的可能递质为肾上腺素,通过β受体介导;吗啡或５－ＨＴ则可减弱ＮＲＯ对ｖＰＡＧ的兴奋性投射作用。     

下丘脑穹窿周围区不同部位兴奋对心肌Po_2及ECG－ST的影响

电刺激下丘脑穹窿周围区（ＰＦＡ）的下丘脑背内侧核（ＤＭＨ）,下丘脑腹内侧核（ＶＭＨ）与下丘脑外侧区（ＬＨＡ）均可引起心肌Ｐ０＿２下降与血压升高,而以ＤＭＨ所致的心肌Ｐ０,下降最明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。心得安可取消电刺激ＬＨＡ所致的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降,部分取消电刺激ＶＭＨ引起的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降,而不改变电刺激ＤＭＨ所致的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＤＭＨ、ＶＭＨ微量注射谷氨酸钠（０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ０．５μｌ）均可诱发升压反应和ＥＣＧ－ＳＴ压低,而ＬＨＡ微量注射谷氨酸却导致降压反应,对ＥＣＧ－ＳＴ无明显影响。上述结果提示ＤＭＨ为ＰＦＡ各区诱发心肌缺血缺氧的主要核团。兴奋ＤＭＨ、ＶＭＨ所致的心血管效应主要由胞体兴奋诱发,而电刺激ＬＨＡ所致的升压反应主要为兴奋过路纤维引起,该区胞体兴奋主要导致降压反应。     

大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质微量注射孤啡肽对痛和针刺镇痛的影响

孤啡肽是新近发现的神经肽,结构与内阿片肽相似,但作用明显不同。本文采用脑核团内微量注射方法,在大鼠电刺激甩尾测痛模型上,观察ＯＦＱ在中脑导水管周围灰质内对痛和针刺镇痛的影响。结果表明：ＰＡＧ内微量注射ＯＦＱ可使大鼠痛阈降低,并明显对抗针刺镇痛;另外还发现,ＯＦＱ在ＰＡＧ内还可以对抗μ受体激动剂羟甲芬太尼加强针刺镇痛的效应。     

大鼠中缝隐核增强dPAG诱导的vPAG的c－Fos表达及对vPAG神经元放电的影响

本实验通过Ｐｏｓ免疫细胞化学、电生理及微量注射法对中缝隐核（ＮＲＯ）的交感抑制作用的相关途径进行探讨。实验在成巴比妥钠或α－氯醛糖和氨基甲酸乙脂麻醉的Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ（ＳＤ）大鼠上进行。同时予以ＮＲＯ,中脑导水管周围灰质背侧部（ｄＰＡＧ）方波脉冲串刺激,诱导中脑和延髓的ｃ－Ｆｏｓ表达。刺激ＮＲＯ过程中,基础血压升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,刺激ｄＰＡＧ引起的防御性升压反应则减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）;中脑导水管周围灰质腹侧部（ｖＰＡＧ）、巨细胞旁外侧核（ＰＧＬ）的Ｆｏｓ样免疫阳性反应（ＦＬＩ）细胞计数分别为６６．５±８．３和１０．８±１．５（刺激ＮＲＯ＋ｄＰＡＧ组）,较单独刺激ｄＰＡＧ组明显增加,Ｐ值分别小于０．０１和０．００１;单或双脉冲刺激中缝隐核在ｖＰＡＧ可以记录到相关单位,其中８４％为兴奋单位,抑制单位占１６％。双侧ｖＰＡＧ内微量注射利多卡因（每侧２μｇ／０．１μｌ）,基础血压无明显变化,而刺激ＮＲＯ引起的降压反应幅度减小（Ｐ＜０．０１）,提示,延髓腹外侧区（ＶＬＭ）、ＮＲＯ存在不同功能分化的神经元;ＮＲＯ可能有向ｖＰＡＧ的兴奋性投射,此投射可加强ＮＲＯ的交感抑制效应。     

肾多巴胺受体对血量扩张和脑室高张盐溶液注射引起促钠排泄的作用

本工作观察麻醉兔用氟哌啶醇阻断肾多巴胺受体对血量扩张（ＶＥ）和脑室高张盐溶液注射（ＩＣＨＮａ）引起促钠排泄反应的影响。在ＶＥ实验中。对照组与氟哌啶醇组排销量增加峰值分别为６５．６±１５．０与１９．０±５．５μｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜０．０２）;在ＩＣＨＮａ实验中,对照组与氟哌啶醇组排钠量增加峰值分别为２８．９±４．６与２９．０±５．８μｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＞０．０５）,在肾多巴胺受体完好兔实验中,ＶＥ＋ＩＣＨＮａｇ;起的促钠排泄大于ＶＥ（Ｐ＜０．０１）或ＩＣＨＮａ（Ｐ＜０．０１）引起的反应。肾多巴胺受体阻断也可显著减弱ＶＥ＋ＩＣＨＮａ引起促钠排泄反应。结果表明：肾多巴胺受体阻断显著减弱ＶＥ以及ＶＥ＋ＩＣＨＮａ引起促钠排泄,对ＩＣＨＮａ的反应无效;在正常兔ＶＥ＋ＩＣＨＮａ引起促钠排泄显著大于各单一刺激的反应。     

孤啡肽在大鼠脑内对抗吗啡镇痛

脑内全新的阿片受体样受体（１９９４）及其内源性配体孤啡肽（１９９５）的发现形成了中枢神经系统阿片／抗阿片相互关系的研究领域中一个新的推动力。基于它们与阿片家族的高同源性及在脑内痛觉整合相关区域的丰富表达,本实验观察了ＯＦＱ在大鼠脑内对吗啡镇痛作用的影响。结果表明：（１）ＯＦＱ可以对抗脑室注射生理盐水引起的镇痛,后者可能是一种由内源性阿片系统介导的应激镇痛。（２）脑室注射ＯＦＱ在很大的剂量范围（４０     

组胺H_1受体激动剂PEA抑制胃酸分泌效应的中枢机制

本文分析了中枢注射ＰＥＡ抑制胃酸分泌效应的脑内过程。雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,摘除双侧肾上腺,用３７℃的生理盐水通过恒流泵进行连续胃液流。第三脑室给药,观察其对五肽促胃液素（１６０μｇ／ｋｇ,ｓ．ｃ．）诱导的胃酸分泌的影响。结果如下：（１）预先脑室注射抗ＣＲＦ血清（２．５μｌ,１：２００００）可阻断１ＯμｇＰＥＡ的中枢抑酸效应;（２）分别脑室给予ＣＲＦ（１．０和２．０μｇ）和β－内啡肽（０．９４和１．２５μｇ）均明显抑制胃酸分泌;（３）预先注射纳洛酮（５．０μｇ,ｉ,ｃ．ｖ,）可取消ＣＲＦ（１．０μｇ）的中枢抑酸效应,而预先注射抗ＣＲＦ血清（２．５μｌ）对β－内啡肽（０．９４μｇ）的中枢抑酸效应无明显影响。结果提示：ＰＥＡ可能首先引起ＣＲＦ释放,后者再刺激内源性阿片肽释放,从而导致迷走介导的胃酸分泌抑制效应。     

中缝大核在刺激视上核镇痛中的作用

运用核团灌流液的放免测定和高压液相色谱法以及核团内注射拮抗剂,观察了化学刺激下丘脑视上核（ＳＯＮ）对中缝大核（ＮＲＭ）灌流液内催产素（ＯＴ）、精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）和５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）含量的影响以及ＮＲＭ内注射ＡＶＰ、５－ＨＴ或ＯＴ受体拮抗剂对痛阈（ＰＴ）的影响。结果表明：ＳＯＮ内注射Ｌ－谷氨酸（Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）１０μｇ后动物痛阈明显升高,ＮＲＭ灌流液中ＯＴ和５－ＨＴ的含量明显高于对照组水平,ＡＶＰ的含量仅有一过性增加。ＮＲＭ内注射ｏＴ或５－ＨＴ拮抗剂可逆转化学刺激ＳＯＮ引起的镇痛作用;而ＡＶＰ的Ｖ＿(１／２)受体拮抗剂也轻度抑制这种镇痛作用,但Ｖ＿１拮抗剂对此作用无影响。以上结果提示：在刺激ＳＯＮ镇痛中,ＯＴ起着重要作用,Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ刺激ＳＯＮ的ＯＴ细胞释放ＯＴ,作用于ＮＲＭ细胞的ＯＴ受体和Ｖ＿２受体而产生镇痛作用,５－ＨＴ在此过程中也发挥重要作用。     

甘肃省啮齿动物区系及地理区划的研究

甘肃啮齿动物有87种(含7亚种),隶2目9科41属。可将甘肃划分6个省：1．陇东高原省,有28种(含l亚种),2．中部黄土高原省,有30种;3．河西走廊省,有36种,三趾心颅跳鼠和短耳沙鼠为本省特有种;4．祁连山地省,有29种,高原高山鼠和银白高山鼠为本省特有种;5．甘南高原草原省,有34种,棕背鼾和普通田鼠为本省特有种,6．陇南山地省,有34种,豪猪和巢鼠为本省特有种。     

四川短尾鼩（Anourosorex squamipes)种群动态研究

四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squmipes)的怀孕期在每年的4、7 、9月,种群数量高峰为6月和10～11月。其种群数量的消长可分为种群潜伏期(3-4月)、盛发期(6、8、9月)、始衰期(10-11月)、凋落期(12、1、2月)以及数量间歇期(7月)和繁殖间歇期(5月)。该兽在田间是以个体群为基础的聚集型分布格局,并有高密度时低聚集和低密度时高聚集的分布特征。     

人工饲养条件下高原鼠兔生长和发育的初步研究

本文研究了人工饲养条件下高原鼠兔的生长发育情况,并和其他种鼠兔的生长作了比较。室内高原鼠兔比野外的生长快,人工饲养的阿富汗鼠兔和北美鼠兔生长期短,成熟早。     

应用阴茎骨形态指标划分黑腹绒鼠年龄的研究

用雄性阴茎骨近支基底高作频数分配将黑腹绒鼠指名亚种划分为5个年龄组,对各年龄组的体长、阴茎骨近支长和阴茎骨近支基底宽作t检验和F检验均有显著差异或极显著差异．表明以阴茎骨近支基底高划分黑腹绒鼠年龄组是可行的。     

A MENI0RIAL T0 THE FAM0US CHINESE GE0B0TANIST PROF. ZHU YAN-CHEN

The Yunnan University, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, on December 5, 1980, 1ost its staff member through 30 years and more,the Senior Professor of Plant Ecology and Geo- botany,Head of Geobotanical Laboratory, (Yun- nan University),President the Yunnan Botanical Society, Editor of Acta Botanica Yunnanica, etc     

Seed size variation in the palm Euterpe edulis and the effects of seed predators on germination and seedling survival

Intraspecific variation in seed size is common in wild plant populations and has important consequences for the reproductive success of individual plants. Multiple, often conflicting evolutionary forces mediated by biotic as well as abiotic agents may maintain such a variation. In this paper we assessed seed size variation in a population of the threatened, commercially important palm Euterpe edulis in southeast Brazil. We investigated (i) how this variation affects the probability of attack by vertebrate and invertebrate post-dispersal seed predators, and (ii) if seed size influences the outcome of seeds damaged by beetles in terms of seed germination and early survival of seedlings. Euterpe edulis seeds varied in diameter from 8.3 to 14.1 mm. Neither insects nor rodents selected the seeds they preyed upon based on seed size. Seed germination and total, shoot and root biomasses of one-year seedlings were significantly and positively affected by seed size. Root biomass and seedling survival were negatively affected by seed damage caused by a scolytid beetle (Coccotrypes palmarum) whose adults bore into seeds to consume part of the endosperm, but do not oviposit on them. Seed size had a marginally significant effect on seedling survival. Therefore, if any advantage is accrued by E. edulis individuals producing large seeds, this is because of greater seed germination success and seedling vigor. If this is so, even a relatively narrow range of variation in seed size as observed in the E. edulis population studied may translate into differential success of individual plants.     

Morph-specific differences in reproductive success in the distylous Primula veris in a context of habitat fragmentation

Heterostylous self-incompatible plant species are particularly sensitive to habitat fragmentation and to disruption of pollination processes because of the need of intermorph cross-pollination for producing seeds. Heterostyly is characterized by sexual polymorphism through the occurrence of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) morph types that differ in floral traits (style length and anther position). We examined whether the long-styled (pin) and short-styled (thrum) morph types show differences in reproductive components and responses to habitat fragmentation in the distylous, self-incompatible perennial herb Primula veris. We documented reproductive components for pin and thrum individuals and their relationships with population size, plant density and morph ratio (pin frequency), in nine populations from Flanders (northern Belgium) located in fragmented habitats of the intensively used agricultural landscape. Seed abortion increased in small populations as a result of inbreeding depression. Fruit set increased with plant density. Seed set was positively related to pin proportion. Seed set was higher for pin than thrum in small populations, but lower in large populations. Two hypotheses can be considered to explain these morph-specific differences: a pollen transfer asymmetry, and a reproductive advantage for the partially self-compatible pin morph. Morph types appear to respond differently to habitat fragmentation constraints. A floral morph type showing partial self-compatibility may be favored in populations under pollination failure, because it can increase reproductive success and mating opportunities through intramorph crosses.     

Influence of microclimate and species interactions on the composition of plant and invertebrate communities in alpine northern Norway

We assessed the effects of both biotic processes and abiotic factors on the community composition of vascular plant species and invertebrates at a site in northern Norway. Plant species were assigned to functional (woody versus herbaceous) and biogeographic (boreal versus alpine) groups. Invertebrate species were classified as either herbivore or predator. When species interactions and effects of the abiotic environment were partitioned, boreal species appeared to influence the distribution of alpine species and woody species the distribution of herbaceous species. Analysis of partial correlations indicated that facilitation was the dominant mode of interaction between the two pairs of plant groups. Among abiotic factors, the thermal environment probably influenced all components of the plant and invertebrate communities, except for predatory invertebrates, and wind appeared important in determining the composition of woody and alpine components of the plant community but not the herbaceous component. The composition of the boreal component of the plant community apparently influenced the composition of all invertebrate communities, except for predatory invertebrates. The composition of the woody component of the plant community influenced the composition of both herbivore and predator communities. The alpine plant-community composition influenced predatory invertebrate community composition. Woody plant community composition influenced the composition of both herbivore and predator communities. Our analytic approach, based on two kinds of structural equation models (d-separation and path analysis), provides a useful method for identifying the biotic as well as abiotic factors that influence community structure.     

新生大鼠脊髓交感节前神经元的单胺能受体

应用新生大鼠离体脊髓薄片的细胞内记录,观察了５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）及肾上腺素（ＡＤ）对交感节前神经元（ＳＰＮ）膜电位的作用,以期阐明三种单胺受体是共存于同一细胞,还是分别存在于不同细胞？实验结果显示：（１）５－ＨＴ,ＮＡ及ＡＤ分别使５７．１％（１６／２８）,６０％（１５／２５）及５２．４％（１１／２１）的ＳＰＮ出现了去极化反应;（２）根据ＳＰＮ对三种单胺的反应,可将６０％（１     

Shadoo/PrP (Sprn0/0/Prnp0/0) double knockout mice

Shadoo (Sho) is a brain glycoprotein with similarities to the unstructured region of PrP^C. Frameshift alleles of the Sho gene, Sprn, are reported in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) patients while Sprn mRNA knockdown in PrP-null (Prnp^0/0) embryos produces lethality, advancing Sho as the hypothetical PrP-like “pi” protein. Also, Sho levels are reduced as misfolded PrP accumulates during prion infections. To penetrate these issues we created Sprn null alleles (Daude et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 2012; 109(23): 9035–40). Results from the challenge of Sprn null and TgSprn transgenic mice with rodent-adapted prions coalesce to define downregulation of Sho as a “tracer” for the formation of misfolded PrP. However, classical BSE and rodent-adapted BSE isolates may behave differently, as they do for other facets of the pathogenic process, and this intriguing variation warrants closer scrutiny. With regards to physiological function, double knockout mice (Sprn^0/0/Prnp^0/0) mice survived to over 600 d of age. This suggests that Sho is not pi, or, given the accumulating data for many activities for PrP^C, that the pi hypothesis invoking a discrete signaling pathway to maintain neuronal viability is no longer tenable.