渗透促进剂对5－DSA标记裸鼠皮肤角质层影响的ESR研究

通过测定５－恶唑烷氮氧自由基硬脂酸（５－ＤＳＡ）标记裸鼠皮肤角质层的电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）谱,研究某些渗透促进剂如ＡＺ、油酸（ＯＡ）、丙二醇（ＰＧ）、二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）等对裸鼠皮肤角质层的影响。促渗剂处理皮肤后,标记物序参数降低,各向同性超精细分裂偶合常数增大,前者表明促渗剂能够引起皮肤角质层细胞间脂质排列有序性降低,流动性增大;后者表明标记物周围脂质区域极性增大。     

渗透促进剂对5－DSA标记裸鼠皮肤角质层影响的ESR研究

通过测定５－唑烷氮氧自由基硬脂酸（５－ＤＳＡ）标记裸鼠皮肤角质层的电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）谱,研究某些渗透促进剂如月桂酮（ＡＺ）、油酸（ＯＡ）、丙二醇（ＰＧ）、二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）等对裸鼠皮肤角质层的影响。促渗剂处理皮肤后,标记物序参数降低,各向同性超精细分裂偶合常数增大,前者表明保渗剂能够引起皮肤角质层细胞间脂质排列有序性降低,流动性增大;后者表明标记物周围脂质区域极性增大。     

紫草素对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制及诱导凋亡作用

目的:观察紫草素抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖及凋亡诱导的作用。方法:用不同浓度的紫草素处理HepG2细胞,MTT检测紫草素对HepG2细胞生长增殖的抑制作用;比色法测定Caspase-3酶活性;Western blot法检测磷酸化Akt蛋白(pAkt)的表达。结果:紫草素能够抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖,并呈浓度、时间依赖性,紫草素与HepG2细胞作用24小时后Caspase-3酶活性显著增强,显示紫草素诱导的调亡作用随时间的延长而增加;同时,紫草素处理HepG2细胞后,随着药物浓度的增加,磷酸化Akt蛋白表达下降。结论:紫草素可抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2的增殖,诱导HepG2细胞凋亡,凋亡机制可能与紫草素抑制PI3K/Akt信号途径有关。     

离子导入法和渗透促进剂并用对裸鼠皮肤角质层影响的ESR研究

通过测定５－唑烷氮氧自由基硬脂酸（５－ＤＳＡ）标记裸鼠皮肤角质层的ＥＳＲ谱,研究离子导入法与渗透促进剂１００％月桂氮酮（１００％ＡＺ）、５％月桂氨　酮／丙二醇溶液（５％　ＡＺ／ＰＧ）和１０％油酸／丙二醇溶液（１０％ＯＡ／ＰＧ）并用对裸鼠皮肤角质层的影响。离子导入法处理皮肤后,标记物序参数降低,各向同性超精细分裂偶合常数增大,表明低密度电流能够引起皮肤角质层细胞间脂质排列有序性降低,流动性增大,极性增大;离子导入法与渗透促进剂并用处理皮肤后,序参数进一步降低,各向同性超精细分裂偶合常数进一步增大,表明二者对皮肤角质层的影响具有协同作用。     

紫草素调节IL-6/STAT3信号通路对牙髓炎大鼠牙髓组织损伤的影响

摘要 目的：探究紫草素（SHI）调节白细胞介素（IL）-6/信号转导子和转录激活子3（STAT3）信号通路对牙髓炎大鼠牙髓组织损伤的影响及机制。方法：建立牙髓炎大鼠模型。实验分为对照组（Control组）、模型组（Model组）、SHI低、中、高剂量组（SHI-L、SHI-M、SHI-H组,0.125 mg/kg/d、0.25 mg/kg/d、0.5 mg/kg/d SHI）、SHI高剂量+STAT3激动剂Colivelin组（SHI-H+Colivelin组,0.5 mg/kg/d SHI+1 mg/kg/d Colivelin）,每组18只。观察大鼠一般行为变化;酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清IL-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、CXC趋化因子配体10（CXCL10）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平。苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察牙髓组织病理变化;免疫组化法检测牙髓组织IL-6表达;免疫印迹法检测IL-6/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果：与Control组相比,Model组大鼠饮食减少,不敢咬食物,精神萎靡;牙髓组织出现坏死,牙本质细胞排列紊乱,炎性细胞浸润及纤维组织增加,根髓充血扩张;血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、CXCL10和VEGF水平,IL-6平均光密度及IL-6和JAK2蛋白水平、p-STAT3/STAT3水平显著增加（P<0.05）。与Model组相比,SHI-L、SHI-M和SHI-H组大鼠饮食较正常,精神状态较佳,牙髓组织病理变化减轻;血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、CXCL10和VEGF水平,IL-6平均光密度及IL-6和JAK2蛋白水平、p-STAT3/STAT3水平逐渐降低（P<0.05）。与SHI-H组相比,SHI-H+Colivelin组大鼠饮食较差,精神不佳,牙髓组织病变加重;血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、CXCL10和VEGF水平,IL-6平均光密度及IL-6和JAK2蛋白水平、p-STAT3/STAT3水平显著增加（P<0.05）。结论：SHI能抑制牙髓炎大鼠炎症水平,减轻牙髓组织损伤,其机制可能与抑制IL-6/STAT3信号通路有关。     

愈创紫草油对头颈部恶性肿瘤患者放疗所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤的改善作用研究

摘要 目的：探讨愈创紫草油改善头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤的临床疗效,以期为头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤提供新的治疗方法。方法：选取安徽中医药大学附属六安医院2021年3月-2023年3月头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者100例作为研究对象,随机数字表随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例。两组均采用适形调强放射治疗,对照组给予常规放疗皮肤管理与宣教,观察组在对照组基础上给予涂抹愈创紫草油治疗。比较两组皮肤黏膜损伤程度、临床疗效、放疗完成率、皮损愈合时间,放疗2、4、6周时数字评分法（NRS）评分、Karnofsky功能状态（KPS）评分、皮肤病生活质量量表（DLQI）评分;放疗前、放疗6周时炎性细胞因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）]水平及皮肤不良反应。结果：观察组皮肤黏膜损伤程度分级低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组总有效率94.00%较对照组80.00%高（P＜0.05）;放疗4、6周时观察组NRS评分、DLQI评分低于对照组,KPS评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组放疗完成率均为100%,观察组皮损愈合时间较对照组短（P＜0.05）;放疗6周时观察组血清IL-6、PCT、hs-CRP水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者均未出现过敏所致皮疹、红肿、瘙痒等皮肤不良反应。结论：愈创紫草油可有效减轻头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤,降低血清炎性细胞因子水平,促进患者皮损愈合,提高生活质量,疗效显著,且安全性高。     

川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用研究

为观察川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病的治疗作用,本研究选用120只SD大鼠适应性喂养2周后分为正常组(20只)和糖尿病肾病造模组(100只),成功构建糖尿病肾病模型后选取50只,分为模型组,川陈皮素低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组以及阳性药物贝那普利组,每组10只,治疗6周后处死,收集尿液检测24h-尿量和24h-尿蛋白,收集血液检测血糖、胰岛素、血脂、肾功能指标和炎性因子的变化特点,收集肾脏检测肾脏病理学以及肾脏组织中凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3表达水平。结果显示,模型组有明显肾小球增大、部分系膜增生和间质纤维化,相较于模型组,贝那普利组和川陈皮素三个剂量组肾小球病变减轻;与模型组相比,贝那普利组和川陈皮素低、中、高剂量组UCr、24h蛋白尿、BUN、Scr、血糖、TG、TC、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α明显降低(P<0.05),胰岛素含量明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,贝那普利组和川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组Bax和Caspase-3明显降低(P<0.05),Bcl-2明显升高(P<0.05)。上述研究表明,川陈皮素对糖尿病肾脏损害大鼠肾功能具有明显的保护作用。     

血清抑制素-A表达联合经腹部超声对宫外孕的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清抑制素-A表达联合经腹部超声对宫外孕的诊断价值。方法：选取我院2018年1月到2021年8月共收治的60例宫外孕患者作为研究对象,将其分为观察组,另取同期来我院体检的60例正常妊娠孕妇作为对照组,对所有孕妇均行血清抑制素-A（INH-A）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（β-HCG）检测,并对所有孕妇进行经腹部超声诊断。对比两组患者血清中ALP、β-HCG与INH-A表达水平,对比两组孕妇经腹部超声诊断结果,分析两组孕妇血清INH-A和经腹部超声单一诊断与联合诊断对宫外孕的诊断价值。结果：观察组孕妇ALP、β-HCG水平明显低于对照组,INH-A水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组孕妇无胎心搏动、宫内无孕囊、附件区有包块以及子宫内膜厚度小于10 mm情况明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;联合诊断检出率明显高于血清抑INH-A和经腹部超声（P＜0.05）,联合诊断的误诊率和漏诊率明显低于血清INH-A和经腹部超声（P＜0.05）;联合诊断的准确度、敏感度明显高于其他两组单一检查方法（P＜0.05）,三种诊断方法在特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值方面的检测价值对比并无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论：应用血清抑制素-A表达联合经腹部超声诊断可提升宫外孕诊断的准确度与敏感性,因此可考虑对临床症状疑似宫外孕的患者应用两者联合诊断,提升诊断准确率。     

不同剂量紫草素对雌激素加孕激素负荷法建立的子宫肌瘤大鼠的子宫组织ER, PR和p-ERK的蛋白表达影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同剂量紫草素对雌激素加孕激素负荷法建立的子宫肌瘤大鼠的子宫组织ER、PR和p-ERK的蛋白表达影响。方法：选择清洁级SD雌性大鼠60只,将其分为模型组、空白对照组、阳性对照组（雌二醇组）、低剂量紫草素组、中剂量紫草素组、高剂量紫草素组,每组10只大鼠。空白对照组、模型组大鼠给大鼠灌胃10 mL/kg?d生理盐水,阳性对照组给予戊酸雌二醇雌片灌胃,剂量为50 μg/kg?d,低剂量组灌胃给予5 mg/kg紫草素,中剂量组灌胃给予10 mg/kg紫草素,高剂量组灌胃给予20 mg/kg紫草素。记录大鼠的造模结果,观察大鼠的子宫形态、子宫病理组织学情况,对比各组大鼠的子宫重量、子宫系数、宫体最大直径、宫颈最大直径及平滑肌层厚度,检测每组大鼠的血清P、E₂水平及各组大鼠子宫组织ER、PR、p-ERK蛋白含量。结果：六组大鼠的子宫重量、子宫系数、宫体最大直径、宫颈最大直径及平滑肌层厚度指标两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;六组大鼠的炎性细胞浸润评分及子宫壁平滑肌厚度评分两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;六组大鼠的血清P、E₂水平两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;六组大鼠的子宫组织ER、PR、p-ERK蛋白水平两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：紫草素具有抗子宫肌瘤活性的作用,随着紫草素剂量的增加,抗子宫肌瘤活性明显增加,可能与其可降低子宫组织ER、PR和p-ERK活性及血清P、E₂水平有关。     

白杨素对高血压大鼠的降压作用及机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨白杨素对高血压大鼠的降压作用及作用机制。方法：8只WKY大鼠为对照组,40只SHR大鼠随机分为模型组、卡托普利组和白杨素高、中、低剂量组,分别给予相应剂量药物治疗,每日1次,干预4周。实验期间观察各组大鼠收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）改善情况,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA ）检测大鼠动脉血清中一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）、一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET-1）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）水平,马松染色（Masson）和苏木精-伊红染色法 ( HE) 观察大鼠心肌组织病理变化。结果：治疗后,与模型组相比,对照组、卡托普利组和白杨素高、中、低剂量组SBP和DBP均明显下降,血清eNOS和NO显著上升,ET-1和AngⅡ明显下降,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其中白杨素高剂量组改善情况优于白杨素低、中剂量组（P＜0.05）;心肌细胞相关病理损伤减轻,白杨素高剂量组改善情况优于白杨素中、低剂量组。结论：白杨素可能通过调节血管舒缩因子和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统降低血压,并改善心肌组织病理损伤。     

Shikonin derivative formation on the stem of cultured shoots in Lithospermum erythrorhizon

Lithospermum erythrorhizon , which are capable of producing red pigments, have been established. The red pigments were formed on the stems of L. erythrorhizon shoots cultured both on solid and in liquid media without phytohormones at 25 °C in the dark. Thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and ¹ H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that the red pigments which accumulated on the cultured shoots were shikonin derivatives. The effects of various basal media and phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and kinetin) on the growth and the formation of shikonin derivatives were investigated. When the shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium, the addition of kinetin remarkably enhanced shikonin derivative accumulation in the shoots. However, these effects of kinetin were not observed in the liquid culture when cultured in Gamborg B5 medium. The maximum content of shikonin derivatives (2.3% as dry weight, ca. 1.5 mg/100 ml flask) was observed in the shoots cultured in phytohormone-free B5 liquid medium for 5 weeks. Received: 1 February 2000 / Revision received: 23 March 2000 / Accepted: 28 March 2000     

Studies on the Naphthaquinone Constituents of Onosma confertum W. W. Smith and Quantitative Determination of Shikonin

Four compounds were isolated from Onosma confertum W. W. Smith. They were identified as deoxyshikonine (Ⅰ), β, β-dimethylacrylshkonin (Ⅱ), acetylshikonine (Ⅲ) and shikonin (Ⅳ) according to their physical and chemical constants from MS, IR, 1H-NMR, CD-HPLC determination. The total quantity of shikonin obtained after basic hydrolysis of its derivatives was determined.     

低频超声对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的促渗作用研究

目的:探讨低频超声对血卟啉单甲醚(Hematoporphyrin monomerthyl ether,HMME)在金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜中渗透效果的影响。方法:将直径25 mm,孔径0.22μm的微孔滤膜平铺于LB琼脂培养基表面,再将纯种的金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)菌液,通过均匀涂布接种到滤膜表面,37℃恒温培养48 h获得实验所需的生物膜模型。将培养所得生物膜样本随机分为空白对照组,单独超声组,单独药物组和实验组,其中实验组按超声强度(0.5 w/cm~2或1 w/cm~2)和超声作用时间(1 min、2 min或3 min)不同又分为实验(A、B、C、D、E、F)组。所用渗透药物为20μg/m L的HMME溶液。对照组使用等量的生理盐水孵育,孵育时间为3 min,单独超声组也用生理盐水孵育并加0.5 W/cm~2的超声作用3 min。HMME在405 mm激发光下有特征性光谱,通过测量光谱曲线下积分面积,可间接反映生物膜中HMME渗入量。结果:实验A组(0.5 w/cm~2,1 min)的荧光光谱曲线下积分面积显著高于单独药物组(P0.05)。声强相同时,随作用时间增加,所得光谱曲线下积分面积显著增加(P0.01或P0.05);作用时间相同时,声强越大,光谱曲线下积分面积亦越大(P0.01)。结论:低频超声可以显著增加HMME渗透进入金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的量,且渗透效果与超声作用时间和超声声强正相关。     

The Enhancing Effect of Ion-pairing on the Skin Permeation of Glipizide

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the permeation of glipizide (GP) and observe the effect of an interaction with amines as counter ions, including diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxylethyl) piperidine. Permeation experiments were performed in vitro, using rat abdominal skin as a barrier. The lipophilic donor system consisting of isopropyl myristate (IPM) and ethanol (EtOH; EI system, 8:2) produced a marked enhancement of GP flux through rat skin. All the amines investigated in this study had performed an enhancing effect on GP flux, and triethylamine had the most potent enhancing effect on GP in the vehicle IPM:EtOH = 8:2(w/w). In the presence of counter ions, the solubility of GP in the donor solution (IPM:EtOH = 8:2) was increased and the log K_o/w of GP was decreased, which may due to higher solubility of the GP in the IPM:EtOH = 8:2(w/w). ¹³C NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the ion-pairing formation between GP and the respective counter ion. It was surprising that all the four enhancers examined, such as isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, azone, and oleic acid, had no enhancing effect on the percutaneous permeation of GP. This study showed that the formation of ion-pairs between GP and counter ions is a useful method to promote the skin permeation of GP.Key words: amine, counter ion, glipizide, ion-pair, percutaneous absorption     

Effect of several factors on soluble lipase-mediated biodiesel preparation in the biphasic aqueous-oil systems

Biodiesel is increasingly perceived as an important component of solutions to the important current issues of fossil fuel shortages and environmental pollution. Utilization of soluble lipase offers an alternative approach to lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production using immobilized enzyme or whole-cell catalysis. Soluble lipase NS81020, produced by submerged fermentation of genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae microorganism, was first proposed here as the catalyst of biodiesel preparation with oleic acid in the biphasic aqueous-oil systems. The effect factors such as enzyme concentration, water content, temperature, molar ratio of methanol to oil, stirring rate and pH of buffer solution on the esterification rate were investigated systematically. The reaction time could be shortened with the increasing of enzyme concentration as long as the maximum enzyme absorptive capacity on the interface in the biphasic aqueous-oil systems was not achieved. The optimal water content in the biphasic aqueous-oil systems was 10 wt% by oleic acid weight. The reaction rate was enhanced with the increasing molar ratio of methanol to oil, the increasing stirring rate or the decreasing temperature. Although soluble lipase NS81020 had lower activity at pH 10.55, hydroxyl ion conduced to restrain hydrolysis of methyl ester and facilitated the reaction toward the methyl ester formation.     

Effect of oleic acid on vegetative growth of the aphid-pathogenic fungus Erynia neoaphidis

Abstract The aphid-pathogenic fungus Erynia neophidis grew on a semi-defined medium containing 16 g·1⁻¹ glucose, 3 g·1⁻¹ yeast extract and 5 g·1⁻ mycological peptone only when the medium was supplemented with low concentrations of certain fatty acids. Of these, oleic acid fulfilled the growth requirement at a concentration of 0.02% (v/v), but higher concentrations were toxic, causing complete loss of viability of cultures at a concentration of 0.2% (v/v) in liquid medium and at 4% (v/v) on solid medium. The reduced viability of the fungus in liquid culture compared to that on equivalent solid medium, and at low inoculum density compared to high inoculum density in liquid medium, is explicable in terms of this toxicity.     

Effects of Rare Earth Elements on the Growth of Arnebia euchroma Cells and the Biosynthesis of Shikonin

Nd³⁺, La³⁺ and Ce³⁺ at proper concentrations had positive effects on the cell growth of Arnebia euchroma and production of shikonin derivatives. A mixture of rare earth elements (MRE, La₂O₃:CeO₂:Pr₆O₁₁: Sm₂O₃ = 255:175:3:1, mol/mol) behaved the most remarkable effects. Two-stage culture was used for the cell proliferation and the biosynthesis of shikonin derivatives. After 20 days culture, 0.05 mM MRE gave the highest cell biomass (24.8 g dry weight l⁻¹), which was 98.0% higher than that without rare earth elements. Similarly, when 0.05 mM MRE was added to the biosynthesis medium, the highest content (8.9% dry weight) and production (571.1 mg l⁻¹) of shikonin derivatives were obtained, which were 89.4% and 165.3% higher than those without rare earth elements, respectively. The increase of the cell biomass and shikonin derivatives may due to increasing the activities of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase caused by the addition of the rare earth elements.     

Stereoconfiguration of Anteiso-fatty Acid Biosynthesized from DL-Isoleucine in Rat Skin

Isoleucine (Ile) is a precursor for the biosynthesis of anteiso-fatty acids in rat skin, and among the four possible stereoisomers of Ile, l-Ile, and l-allo-Ile were selectively used for biosynthesis of anteiso-fatty acids. This study examined the optical rotation of anteiso-fatty acid derived from dl-Ile to ascertain its stereo-configuration. Specific rotation of anteiso-fatty acid derived from dl-Ile favorably compared with that derived from l-Ile, suggesting he selective biosynthesis of the (S)-enantiomer of anteiso-fatty acid n rat skin.