可磷酸化短肽偶联壳聚糖介导IL-1RA与IGF-1共转染对兔关节软骨细胞的作用

探讨可磷酸化短肽偶联壳聚糖(phosphorylatable short peptide coupled chitosan,pSP-CS),介导人白细胞介素 1受体拮抗剂基因(interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein,IL-1RA)和人胰岛素样生长因子1基因(insulin like growth factor-1,IGF-1) 共转染,对体外培养的兔关节软骨细胞的作用. 将pSP-CS 与共表达质粒pBudCE4.1-IL-1RA+IGF-1、单基因表达质粒pBudCE4.1-IL-1RA、pBudCE4.1-IGF-1和空质粒pBudCE4.1制成pSP-CS/pDNA复合物,转染体外分离培养的正常兔原代关节软骨细胞. ELISA 法检测IL-1RA和IGF-1的表达,以表征pSP CS转染效率;Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) 法分析软骨细胞的增殖活力;流式细胞仪检测软骨细胞的凋亡;定量PCR检测软骨细胞中基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(matrix metallo proteinase inhibitor-1, Timp-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinase-3, Mmp-3)、聚集蛋白聚糖 (Aggrecan) 基因表达. 转基因组IL-1RA和IGF-1有较高的表达水平;各转基因组明显促进细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡、下调Mmp-3基因表达、上调Timp 1和Aggrecan基因表达,且双基因组作用明显优于单基因组(P<0.05). 结果表明,pSP-CS可以携带外源基因进入软骨细胞并大量表达, IGF-1与IL-1RA协同作用明显提高体外培养软骨细胞的生物活性, 为今后研究pSP-CS介导多基因体内治疗软骨损伤提供了基础.     

TGF-β1基因转染大鼠脂肪干细胞向软骨细胞分化的实验研究

目的TGF-β1基因转染大鼠的ADSCs(adipose stromal cells,ADSCs),诱导其向软骨细胞分化,为软骨组织工程学种子细胞提供新方法。方法分离、培养大鼠的ADSCs,免疫荧光法进行鉴定;TGF-β1基因转染ADSCs,对转染后细胞进行筛选;MTT法测定筛选后细胞的增殖活性;RT-PCR、Western blot对筛选后细胞的表达进行检测。结果成功分离、培养大鼠的ADSCs;细胞表面标志物CD29和CD44表达阳性,CD106和CD34表达阴性;基因转染后细胞的增殖力变强;转染TGF-β1的ADSCs在目的基因TGF-β1、SOX9、Aggrecan、Collagen II mRNA的表达和软骨特异性基质-Collagen II的分泌增强,明显高于对照组和转染空载体组;结果TGF-β1基因转染后ADSCs具有了软骨细胞的表型特征,可以用作软骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

白细胞介素-1α及IL-1RA与多发性硬化关系的研究

目的:探讨白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1,IL-1),尤其是白细胞介素-1αa(IL-1α)和白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1RA)基因多态性与东北地区汉族人群多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)的关系.方法:多聚酶链反应(PCR)进行IL-1a和IL-1RA基因多态性检测.结果:IL-1α和IL-1RA基因型分布及等位基因频率在MS和对照组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:IL-1α和IL-1RA基因多态性与MS易感性无相关性.     

利用合成的基因回路实现细胞水平上尿酸稳态控制的实验研究

目的:利用合成生物学方法构建尿酸介导的基因回路,在细胞水平上研究回路对尿酸稳态的调控作用。方法:以耐辐射异常球菌R1基因组中转录抑制物基因hucR及其结合位点基因hucO为基础,化学合成具有转录抑制功能的基因mUTs及其结合位点的8串联结构hucO8,构建基因回路;转染HeLa细胞,通过检测分泌型碱性磷酸酶(SEAP)的表达量来验证回路的作用原理和对尿酸的感应作用;在此基础上,用优化的黄曲霉菌尿酸氧化酶(Uox)基因smUox替换SEAP基因,转染HeLa细胞,通过检测转染前后培养基中尿酸浓度的变化,验证回路对尿酸的调节作用。结果:分别构建了优化的转录抑制物表达载体pcDNA3.1/V5-mUTs、报告基因表达载体pSEAP-hucO8、优化的黄曲霉菌Uox表达载体phucO8-smUox、pBudCE4.1-smUox,双向共表达载体pBudCE4.1-SEAP-mUTs、pBudCE4.1-mUTs-smUox;单独转染pBudCE4.1-SEAP-mUTs或共转染pSEAP-hucO8和pcDNA3.1/V5-mUTs,通过检测培养基中SEAP的表达量,证明双载体及单载体回路对尿酸的感应作用;用smUox替换SAEP基因后,通过检测转染48 h后培养基中尿酸含量的变化,证明双载体及单载体基因回路均具有一定的尿酸调节能力。结论:在细胞水平上,构建的双载体基因回路(phucO8-smUox、pcDNA3.1/V5-mUTs)和单载体基因回路(pBudCE4.1-mUTs-smUox)均可实现对尿酸的感应及调控作用,在一定范围内通过增加mUTs与hucO8的摩尔比,可以改变回路对尿酸的调控范围及调节程度。     

可磷酸化短肽偶联壳聚糖促进CS/DNA转染效率

合成基序为LLLRRRDNEY*FY*VRRLL的短肽(pSP),其中含有两个可被JaK2蛋白激酶磷酸化的酪氨酸残基.将此短肽与壳聚糖(CS)相偶联,体外磷酸化及DNA释放实验检测哺乳动物细胞裂解液对短肽的磷酸化及pSP-CS/DNA复合物中DNA释放的影响.放射性标记DNA转移实验验证pSP-CS/DNA复合物的入胞能力后,将荷荧光素酶或GFP报告基因的质粒与pSP-CS制成pSP-CS/DNA复合物,转染体外培养的C2C12小鼠成肌细胞,观察GFP的分布及细胞裂解液中的荧光素酶活性以表征转染效率.继而进行多种细胞系的转染,衡量pSP偶联的壳聚糖对不同种属细胞的转染效率.结果表明,哺乳动物细胞裂解液可有效地使短肽发生磷酸化,并藉此促进DNA与壳聚糖载体的解离.以pSP修饰的壳聚糖进行转染时,细胞裂解液的荧光素酶活性可达普通壳聚糖转染的两倍,细胞中GFP的含量也明显增加.据此推论,短肽被磷酸化后产生电荷属性的改变,促进DNA与壳聚糖载体的解离从而显著提高壳聚糖的转染效率.     

应用微阵列技术筛选PS1TP1基因转染细胞差异表达基因

阐明乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前-S1蛋白反式激活蛋白1(PS1TP1)的表达对于肝细胞的基因表达谱的影响.应用基因芯片技术对于pcDNA3.1(-)和pcDNA3.1(-)-PS1TP1分别转染的HepG2细胞的基因表达谱进行分析.以肝癌细胞系HepG2基因作为模板,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术扩增PS1TP1基因片段,以常规的分子生物学技术构建表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)-PS1TP1.以脂质体技术转染肝母细胞瘤细胞系HepG2,提取总RNA,逆转录为cDNA,与转染空白表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)的HepG2细胞进行DNA芯片分析并比较.在4096个基因表达谱的筛选中,发现有8个基因表达水平显著上调,14个基因表达水平显著下调.PS1TP1基因的表达对于肝细胞基因表达谱有显著影响.DNA芯片技术是分析反式调节靶基因的有效技术途径.     

OXR1基因的抗氧化作用及分子机制研究进展

抗氧化基因1 (oxidation resistance gene 1,OXR1)是一种仅存在于真核生物中,具有清除活性氧、防止细胞氧化损伤的抗氧化调节基因,近年来相关研究甚多.在哺乳动物中,OXR1高表达于中枢神经系统,对神经细胞的抗氧化保护起到至关重要的作用,并发现其功能在人类神经退行性疾病的靶向基因治疗中具有潜在...     

采用sPD-1协同4-1BBL进行肿瘤免疫基因治疗的研究

目的 探讨采用sPD-1协同4-1 BBL进行肿瘤免疫基因治疗的效果及相关的免疫学机制.方法 以不同剂量的H22肝癌细胞接种于BALB/c小鼠右后腿肌肉内,建立小鼠肿瘤模型;采用可溶性PD-1 （sPD-1）和4-1 BBL真核表达质粒体内转染进行基因治疗;观察接种不同剂量肿瘤细胞、不同治疗时间小鼠的成瘤率及肿瘤治疗效果;RT-PCR检测肿瘤微环境中免疫调控相关基因的表达;组织切片检测肿瘤细胞浸润肌肉组织的组织学变化;流式细胞仪检测脾脏细胞毒性T细胞（CTLs）的杀瘤效率.结果 转染4-1 BBL/sPD-1基因治疗后,接种低剂量（1 &#215; 104个/ml） H22肿瘤细胞的小鼠肿瘤生长完全受到抑制;接种高剂量（1&#215;105个/ml） H22肿瘤细胞的小鼠肿瘤也受到显著抑制.通过延长基因治疗,荷瘤小鼠的成瘤率随着治疗时间的延长逐渐递减,至8周时成瘤率为0;基因治疗不仅促进IFN-γ和IL-2基因表达上调,而且也使TGF-p、IL-10的表达下调;瘤组织中CD8＋ T淋巴细胞数量增多和脾淋巴细胞的杀瘤效率显著增加.结论 利用体内存在的少量肿瘤可作为抗原刺激淋巴细胞的激活;基因治疗适用于对手术、化疗、放疗后体内残存的少量肿瘤细胞的清除;当体内存在大量肿瘤细胞时,适当延长基因治疗时间可获得较好的治疗效果.     

猪Ghrelin与IGF-1融合基因克隆和表达研究

目的本试验克隆和构建了猪Ghrelin(GL)与类胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)的融合基因及其表达载体,研究它们在体外HEK293细胞的表达,为探索新型高效的动物生长和免疫调节生物制剂奠定了基础。方法利用基因重叠延伸PCR技术分别获得了GL、短链IGF-1基因及其融合基因(GI),双酶切后插入到VR1020真核分泌型表达载体上,分别命名为VGL、VRI和VGI。用壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS)和mPEG-PEI-CS分子包裹VRI、VGH和VGI制备纳米颗粒,先后进行HEK293细胞转染表达实验。结果成功克隆了猪Ghrelin基因及其与IGF-1的融合基因,构建了它们的真核表达载体,并进行了纳米分子包装,在HEK293细胞获得高效表达。结论猪Ghrelin和IGF-1融合基因及其真核载体的成功构建和表达,为进一步研发安全有效的新型生物制剂、促进动物的生长发育和免疫机能提供了新途径。     

IGF-1和动态微环境对脂肪干细胞向心肌细胞分化作用的研究

体外组织工程模型中,生物化学和机械信号对心肌再生起着很重要的促进作用,对人胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)和三维动态微环境对脂肪干细胞向心肌细胞分化过程中的促进作用进行了研究．带有IGF-1基因的质粒整合到胶原-壳聚糖支架中,脂肪干细胞接种到整合质粒的支架内,未整合质粒的支架作为对照组,心肌细胞培养基作为分化培养基,转瓶生物反应器提供动态微环境．经2周分化培养后,检测质粒在支架内释放及表达情况、细胞在支架内的活性以及心肌功能性蛋白和基因的表达．结果表明：动态微环境能促进质粒DNA的释放和转染;IGF-1可促进脂肪干细胞在胶原-壳聚糖支架内增殖以及向心肌细胞分化;动态微环境可加强IGF-1的促增殖分化作用．因此,IGF-1和动态微环境能独立或相互促进脂肪干细胞在胶原-壳聚糖支架内活性,动态微环境还可强化IGF-1对脂肪干细胞的促分化作用．对体外构建工程化心肌组织进行心肌再生研究有着重要的指导意义．     

Effects of Phosphorylatable Short Peptide-Conjugated Chitosan-Mediated IL-1Ra and igf-1 Gene Transfer on Articular Cartilage Defects in Rabbits

Previously, we reported an improvement in the transfection efficiency of the plasmid DNA-chitosan (pDNA/CS) complex by the utilization of phosphorylatable short peptide-conjugated chitosan (^pSP-CS). In this study, we investigated the effects of ^pSP-CS-mediated gene transfection of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) combined with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in rabbit chondrocytes and in a rabbit model of cartilage defects. pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra+igf-1, pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra and pBudCE4.1-igf-1 were constructed and combined with ^pSP-CS to form pDNA/^pSP-CS complexes. These complexes were transfected into rabbit primary chondrocytes or injected into the joint cavity. Seven weeks after treatment, all rabbits were sacrificed and analyzed. High levels of IL-1Ra and igf-1 expression were detected both in the cell culture supernatant and in the synovial fluid. In vitro, the transgenic complexes caused significant proliferation of chondrocytes, promotion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen II synthesis, and inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In vivo, the exogenous genes resulted in increased collagen II synthesis and reduced NO and GAG concentrations in the synovial fluid; histological studies revealed that pDNA/^pSP-CS treatment resulted in varying degrees of hyaline-like cartilage repair and Mankin score decrease. The co-expression of both genes produced greater effects than each single gene alone both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that ^pSP-CS is a good candidate for use in gene therapy for the treatment of cartilage defects and that igf-1 and IL-1Ra co-expression produces promising biologic effects on cartilage defects.     

Co-expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and interleukin-4 in an in vitro inflammatory model

The ailment osteoarthritis (OA) has two aspects – inflammation and cartilage degradation – where combined transgene expression may offer an effective gene therapy. Our present study focuses on the co-expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and insulin-like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which specifically target inflammation and cartilage repair, respectively. In this study, we analyze the expression of IGF-1 and IL-4 from a single plasmid vector, where each gene is expressed through an independent promoter and enhancer sequence. Regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects of IGF-1 alone and of both IGF-1 and IL-4 were analyzed in an in vitro chondrocyte inflammatory model. Co-expression of both transgenes in primary chondrocytes was ascertained by immunoassays. Following stimulation with IL-1β and TNFα, pro-inflammatory mediators as well as IGF-binding proteins were down-regulated more effectively in the presence of both genes to levels comparable to the non-stimulated control. Further, cartilage regeneration proteins type II collagen and proteoglycans were up-regulated in stimulated cells transfected with IGF-1 alone and in combination with IL-4. The co-expression of IGF-1 and IL-4 shows that both transgenes complement each other by effectively triggering cartilage regeneration and reducing inflammation. Use of combinatorial transgene expression offers a promising avenue in the area of gene therapy in OA.     

IGF-1 and BMP-7 synergistically stimulate articular cartilage repairing in the rabbit knees by improving chondrogenic differentiation of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Knee injury is known as a frequently occurred damage related to sports, which may affect the function of cartilage. This study aims to explore whether Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7)-modified bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) affect the repair of cartilage damage found in the knee. Primarily, BMSCs were treated with a series of pEGFP-C1, IGF-1, and BMP-7, followed by determination of IGF-1 and BMP-7 expression. A rabbit cartilage defect model was also established. Afterfward, cell morphology, viability, cartilage damage repair effect, and expression of collagen I and collagen II at the 6th and the 12th week were measured. BMSCs treated with pEGFP-C1/IGF-1, pEGFP-C1/BMP-7, and pEGFP-C1/BMP-7-IGF-1 exhibited elevated expression of BMP-7 and IGF-1. Besides, BMSCs in the P10 generation displayed decreased cell proliferation. Moreover, BMSCs treated with IGF-1, BMP-7, and IGF-1-BMP-7 showed reduced histological score and collagen I expression while elevated collagen II expression, as well as better repair effect, especially in those treated with IGF-1-BMP-7. Collectively, these results demonstrated a synergistic effect of IGF-1 and BMP-7 on the BMSC chondrogenic differentiation on the articular cartilage damage repair in the rabbit knees, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of articular cartilage damage.     

Ⅰ型马立克氏病病毒pp38和pp24基因的真核共表达

本研究将Ⅰ型超强毒MDVMd11株的pp38和pp24完整基因分别克隆到真核双表达载体pBudCE4.1中,在脂质体作用下将阳性克隆DNA转染CEF,通过间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)用单克隆抗体H19和鼠抗GST-pp24血清分别检测到了pp38和pp24基因的单独表达。然后将MDVMd11株的pp38和pp24完整基因同时克隆到载体pBudCE4.1中,在脂质体作用下将阳性克隆DNA转染CEF,通过IFA检测和用抗pp24多克隆血清进行West-ern-blotting试验检测到了PP38和PP24磷蛋白的共表达。     

Role of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 transfection in alleviating osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

Decreased levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been proven to cause osteoporosis. Gene transfer of IGF-1 offers an attractive technology to treat skeletal metabolic disorders including osteoporosis, but the viral vectors are limited by their high antigenicity and immune response. Our purpose was to investigate the expression of a non-invasive vector, recombinant plasmid enhanced green fluorescent protein-N1 (pEGFP-N1) that transferred IGF-1 gene into ovariectomized (OVX) rats in vivo and evaluate the effect of this therapy on osteoporosis. OVX or sham operations were performed in 60 female, 7-month-old unmated SD rats. 12 weeks after OVX operation, the vectors were transfected to the 10-month-old rats and experimental data were detected from 48 h to 7 week after transfection. Our results showed that remarkable expression of fluorescence and serum IGF-1 was observed in the rats transfected by recombinant plasmids, indicating that IGF-1 gene was successfully transferred to OVX rats by injecting the vector through hydrodynamic method via the tail vein. The bone metabolism index including serum alkaline phosphatase, the histomorphometric parameters of lumbar vertebra including trabecular area percentage, trabecular thickness, trabecular number and trabecular separation, and the bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical parameters of lumbar vertebra including BMD, maximum condensing force, crushing strength in OVX rats transfected by pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 were improved remarkably compared with OVX+pEGFP-N1 rats, indicating that the transfection of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 played a significant role in alleviating osteoporosis in rats induced by OVX. This encouraged a potential approach of IGF-1 gene therapy to the treatment of osteoporosis.     

Chondrocyte response to growth factors is modulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition

Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) diminish inflammatory arthritis in experimental animals. This may be effected by diminishing the production of inflammatory mediators, but this kinase is also part of the IL-1 signal pathway in articular chondrocytes. We determined the effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on proliferative and synthetic responses of lapine chondrocytes, cartilage, and synovial fibroblasts under basal and IL-1-activated conditions.Basal and growth factor-stimulated proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis were determined in primary cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes, first-passage synovial fibroblasts, and cartilage organ cultures. Studies were performed with or without p38 MAPK inhibitors, in IL-1-activated and control cultures. Media nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 were assayed.p38 MAPK inhibitors blunt chondrocyte and cartilage proteoglycan synthesis in response to transforming growth factor beta; responses to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and fetal calf serum (FCS) are unaffected. p38 MAPK inhibitors significantly reverse inhibition of cartilage organ culture proteoglycan synthesis by IL-1. p38 MAPK inhibition potentiated basal, IGF-1-stimulated and FCS-stimulated chondrocyte proliferation, and reversed IL-1 inhibition of IGF-1-stimulated and FCS-stimulated DNA synthesis. Decreases in nitric oxide but not prostaglandin E2 synthesis in IL-1-activated chondrocytes treated with p38 MAPK inhibitors are partly responsible for this restoration of response. Synovial fibroblast proliferation is minimally affected by p38 MAPK inhibition.p38 MAPK activity modulates chondrocyte proliferation under basal and IL-1-activated conditions. Inhibition of p38 MAPK enhances the ability of growth factors to overcome the inhibitory actions of IL-1 on proliferation, and thus could facilitate restoration and repair of diseased and damaged cartilage.     

Successful genetic transduction in vivo into synovium by means of electroporation

This present study aims at establishing a novel in vivo gene delivery system for intra-articular tissues. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) carrying the firefly luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) genes as markers was injected into a joint space and electric stimuli were given percutaneously with a pair of electrodes. Injection with naked pDNA alone did not induce any detectable level of luciferase activity, whereas electroporation at 25-500 V/0.7 cm resulted in a significant expression of the marker gene in the synovium. The expression level depended on the voltage, the optimum transfection being achieved at 150 V/0.7 cm. When the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid vectors harboring the EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene and oriP sequence were substituted for conventional pDNA, the transfection efficiency was increased approximately 5-10 times. Histological examination of the EGFP gene-transfected joints revealed that the marker gene was expressed in the synovial membrane while other intra-articular tissues such as articular cartilage were negative for the transgene product. Transgene-specific mRNA was demonstrated in synovium but not in other organs as estimated by RT-PCR analysis. The present results strongly suggest that in vivo electroporation is a quite simple, safe, and effective gene delivery method that could be applicable to gene therapy against articular diseases.