热带平刺粉蚧的检疫鉴定

【目的】明确热带平刺粉蚧Rastrococcus tropicasiaticus Williams的鉴别特征,建立平刺粉蚧属种类检索表。【方法】随机抽样、形态学观察和测量。【结果】从进口越南龙眼鲜果中截获热带平刺粉蚧,头胸部腹面多格腺以单排排列,体背面大五格腺少是其识别的主要形态学特征;编制了平刺粉蚧属16种检索表。【结论】热带平刺粉蚧为我国口岸首次检出,研究结果为进口水果中该类粉蚧的检疫鉴定提供了重要的参考资料。     

警惕检疫性害虫南洋臀纹粉蚧在中国大陆扩散

南洋臀纹粉蚧,又称咖啡粉蚧、可可粉蚧、紫粉蚧,主要危害饮料作物、果树、蔬菜和园林树木,是新近入侵中国大陆的一种危险性检疫性害虫,2012年以来在中国大陆的云南、海南等地陆续被发现。本文介绍了南洋臀纹粉蚧的识别特征、危害特性、寄主植物种类、生物生态学特点、地理分布范围、传播扩散途径和防治措施等,为预防该虫在我国的进一步蔓延提供依据。     

中国蜡蚧科一新记录属（半翅目：蚧总科）

记述采自中国云南的1新记录属:类白蜡蚧属Ericeroides Danzig,1990及1新记录种:越南类白蜡蚧E.zaitzevi Danzig,1990。该新记录属近似于白蜡蚧属Ericerus Guérin-Méneville,二属均有成群气门刺及爪齿;主要区别是:类白蜡蚧属Ericeroides无背面管状腺及肛前孔,而白蜡蚧属Ericerus则有。文中对雌成虫形态特征进行了详细描述和绘图。     

中国围盾蚧属一新种（半翅目：蚧总科：盾蚧科）

记述中国围盾蚧属Fiorinia Targioni-Tozzetti 1新种:南宁围盾蚧Fiorinia nanningensis Zhang&Feng sp.nov.。该种近似于钩樟围盾蚧F.linderaeTakagi,1969,二者臀板均无腺刺分布,并且第2臀叶退化,略突起或全无,但是可以从以下特征区别:1)新种中臀叶狭小,末端截型,内缘无锯齿(钩樟围盾蚧中臀叶大而内缘多齿);2)躯干上无腺刺或腺瘤(钩樟围盾蚧后胸有1-3个腺瘤,第1腹节有3或4个腺瘤,第2腹节有1-2个腺刺);3)无触角间突(钩樟围盾蚧触角间突小圆锥形)。对其形态特征进行了详细描述,提供了玻片绘图。研究标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

皮珠蚧亚科—中国新记录属和一新种：同翅目：蚧总科：珠蚧科

本文讨论了中国新记录长珠蚧属Ｎｅｏｇｒｅｅｎｉａ的分类地位,记述了寄生在刺树皮下的１新种－枣树长珠蚧Ｎ．ｚｉｚｙｐｈｉ,ｓｐ．ｎ．,模式标本存放在山西农业大学植物保护系。     

安徽省盾蚧科一新属一新种记述(半翅目:蚧总科)

记述盾蚧科1新属——钝刺盾蚧属Mammilla,gen.nov.,并记述1新种:金寨钝刺盾蚧M.jinzhaiensis,sp.nov..模式标本保存于安徽工业大学.     

稀有属——刺毡蚧属在中国的发现和一新种记述(同翅目：蚧总科，毡蚧科)

刺毡蚧属Aculeococcus为Lepage氏于1941年所建立,直至目前只知一个属模种,且半世纪来未作形态重描,是一个世界有名的古老疑难属。Lepage当年发表时,未能确定科位,直至Ferris[1]氏在1957年取得一个标本加以研究后,由其第一龄若虫具有像实状体刺而判定应属毡蚧科Eriococcidae,以后Hoy[2]（1962：6）和Morrisons[3]（1966：3）等均沿其说,然而对其在科内的地位,文献中却从未触及。我们最近整理此科历年所存标本,发现一新种已在我国云南西双版纳地区存在,现将研究资料整理报道如下,模式标本保存于山西农业大学蚧虫标本室。1本届…     

转换寄主前后扶桑绵粉蚧取食行为的EPG分析

【目的】分析扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis在发生寄主转移前后的取食行为,以据此评价其寄主适应性。【方法】利用刺吸电位（EPG）技术,量化扶桑绵粉蚧转换寄主植物前后的取食行为并进行对比分析。【结果】寄主转换后,扶桑绵粉蚧的取食行为受到显著的影响,需要耗费更多的时间到达韧皮部,总取食时间显著变短,取食效率降低。但寄主转换后,下一代成虫的取食效率提高,总刺探数、取食刺探数、总刺探时间以及到达韧皮部的效率与时间均与寄主转换前的扶桑绵粉蚧个体不存在显著差异。【结论】扶桑绵粉蚧的取食行为存在高度可塑性,这种特性利于扩大其寄主植物范围,有可能是促其成为重要农业入侵生物的原因之一。     

绣球长白蚧的研究

绣球长白蚧LopholeucaspishydrangeaeTakahashi寄生绣球花、冬青卫矛（俗名大叶黄杨〕，是我国大陆地区新记录种。在南京地区是绿篱——冬青卫矛毁灭性害虫之一，尤以中央路分布较集中。若电、成虫集中在寄主的枝干及叶片上，造成成片、成柬死亡。1982～1988年作者对该虫进行了研究，现将结果整理如下。至危害该虫多发生在密闭不通风、生长势差的卫矛绿篱植物上，尤以2年生以上的老枝条发生危害严重。以苦虫、成虫寄生在枝干及叶片上刺吸汁液。被害严重的枝叶卷缩，发黄成片枯萎死亡。致使原中央路绿岛上的绿篱全部覆没而换上栏杆。该虫还…     

黄杨绒蚧的生物学特性及卵期预测预报

黄杨绒蚧Eriococcus abeliceae Kuwana是危害园林树木的重要害虫之一。该蚧在西宁地区1年发生1代,以2龄若虫在树干裂皮缝中越冬。翌年3月下旬2龄若虫蜕皮变为3龄若虫,开始为害,雌虫5月上旬开始产卵,卵期18~23d,每雌虫产卵量134~424粒,平均287粒。6月上旬卵开始孵化,孵化率100%。雌虫3龄,雄虫2龄。在室内自然变温条件下,对黄杨绒蚧卵的发育起点温度和有效积温进行测定。结果表明:卵发育起点温度12.98℃,有效积温39.03日.度;预测式为N=(39.03±2.66)/T-(12.98±0.18)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.