野山参叶,园参叶和西洋参叶与氨基酸含量

报道了野山参叶中氨基酸的含量并与园参叶,国产西洋参中氨基酸含量进行了对比分析。     

三七叶、人参叶和西洋参叶皂苷类成分的研究(英文)

三七叶、人参叶和西洋参叶其皂苷类成分相近,但专属性成分各异,皂苷类成分的分布比例也各不相同。本文建立了HPLC-UV法测定上述皂苷成分的方法,经过方法学考察,各种皂苷成分精密度好、加样回收率高,方法可靠。11种皂苷成分总含量顺序为:西洋参叶>人参叶>三七叶;二醇组皂苷成分含量:西洋参叶>三七叶>人参叶;三醇组皂苷成分含量:人参叶>西洋参叶>三七叶。西洋参叶中二醇组皂苷和人参叶中三醇组皂苷含量明显高于其他。西洋参叶中人参皂苷Rb3和Rd的含量之和占11种皂苷成分的60%以上。鉴于其中人参皂苷的高含量,三七叶、人参叶和西洋参叶应该作为皂苷来源得到充分利用;不同的皂苷成分有不同的药理活性,应基于它们的皂苷组成和比例选择性进行研究和开发。     

山楂和山楂叶的氨基酸分析

本文用835-50型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了山楂和山楂叶中17种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,山楂叶中氨基酸的总含量高达10.3％,山楂中约含2.4％。     

辣椒叶营养价值高

目前,辣椒叶作为食物已在国外被广泛开发利用,成为香港、澳门和东南亚国家的畅销商品。当地居民喜欢把辣椒叶放进猪肝汤、鸡蛋汤中食用。因此我们对辣椒叶的营养成份进行了测定,并与果实比较(样品采自6月初)。 辣椒叶蛋白氨基酸种类齐全,总含量高出果实近3倍,分别为干重的21.07%和7.80%(17种水解蛋白氨基酸),人体必需氨基酸含量     

裂叶荨麻主要营养成分及重金属安全性评价

分析了裂叶荨麻(Urtica fissa Pritz.)嫩茎叶的矿物质、维生素、蛋白质、氨基酸和重金属等含量,采用模糊识别法和氨基酸系数比值法,对裂叶荨麻嫩茎叶蛋白质营养价值进行了评价。结果表明,裂叶荨麻矿物质除Na和Se外,其余各元素的含量、尼克酸和膳食纤维含量均高于其它蔬菜,其蛋白质含量为6.2%(鲜重),必需氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的41.69%;裂叶荨麻嫩茎叶蛋白质贴近度为0.8667,氨基酸比值系数为62.53,仅次于芹菜,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸。裂叶荨麻嫩茎叶中的Hg、Pb、As含量均未超过蔬菜的卫生限量标准,属于可食安全范围。     

鸡冠花叶蛋白质营养价值的评价研究

应用模糊识别法和氨基酸比值系数法,分别以鸡蛋蛋白南为标准蛋白,以ＷＨＯ／ＦＡＯ氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对３种鸡冠花叶蛋白质营养价值进行了全面评价,并与１０种常见叶菜蛋白进行对照比较。结果表明,３种鸡冠花叶（干品）蛋白质含量为２３．７％￣２７．４％,蛋白质中氨基酸种类齐全,其含量为８３．４７％￣８６．９４％,必需氨基酸（ＥＡＡ）占总氨基酸量的４０．２％￣４１．７％,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸（Ｍ     

紫色芽叶红茶适制性研究

以安化群体种紫色芽叶为原料加工红茶,通过感官审评结合品质成分分析,对紫色芽叶的红茶适制性进行了研究.结果表明:用紫色芽叶加工的红茶其感官品质略优于用绿色芽叶(对照)加工而成的红茶,其滋味、香气明显优于对照.紫色芽叶中的茶多酚、儿茶素总量均较绿色芽叶高、水浸出物含量相近,氨基酸、咖啡碱含量较低;用紫色芽叶加工的红茶,其茶多酚、茶黄素、水浸出物含量高于对照,氨基酸含量略低于对照.紫色芽叶加工红茶具有较好的适制性.     

轮叶党参营养成分的研究

本文研究了轮叶党参的茎叶、去皮根及根皮中的营养成分氨基酸、维生素、微量元素的含量。结果显示,这三种营养成分都在根皮中最多,茎叶和去皮根中的含量也都多于一般蔬菜中的含量,为轮叶党参的合理应用提供了科学依据。     

油茶肉质果和肉质叶营养成分分析与评价

采用常规生化分析方法,测定了油茶（Camellia oleifera Abel.）肉质果、肉质叶基本营养成分,用原子吸收光谱法测定微量元素含量,用高效液相色谱仪测定维生素C的含量,用氨基酸全自动分析仪测定氨基酸的种类,应用模糊识别法和氨基酸比值系数法对油茶肉质果、肉质叶蛋白质营养价值进行了全面评价,并与12种常见热带、亚热带水果进行对照比较。结果表明油茶肉质果、肉质叶富含糖、酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪。其微量元素和维生素C含量高于一些常见水果。油茶肉质果、肉质叶的必需氨基酸（EAA）占氨基酸总量（TAA）的37%和35%,其蛋白营养价值要优于12种水果。因此,油茶肉质果、肉质叶的营养价值优于一些常见水果,是一种值得开发利用的优质水果。     

30种植物叶蛋白中氨基酸组成及含量的测定与营养价值评价

评价植物叶蛋白的营养价值,既要考虑“量”,看植物叶蛋白含量的高低,也要考虑“质”,看必需氨基酸的含量及配比[1]。作者取叶蛋白含量50%以上的30种植物进行氨基酸含量测定[2],并进行营养价值评价。1　方　　法应用日立83550型氨基酸自动分析仪进行氨基酸含量的测定,并与?..     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

Phylogenetic revision of the Taenogera Kröber genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae), with descriptions of two new genera

The phylogenetic relationships of the Taenogera genus-group, consisting of nine genera, are examined using cladistic methods. Twenty-one species representing nine genera and one outgroup were compared in a cladistic analysis across 99 states in 44 characters. The genus Taenogera Kröber is revised to contain only T. longa (Schiner), T. nitida (Macquart) and T. notatithorax Mann. Two new genera are described and figured: Actenomeros gen. n., with two species, A. corniculaticaudus sp. n. and A. onyx sp. n.; and Taenogerella gen. n., with four species, Ta. elizabethae sp. n., Ta. platina sp. n., Ta. schlingeri sp. n. and Ta . nigrapicalis (Mann) comb. n. Phylogenetic analysis also supports the removal of Nanexila gracilis (Mann) comb. n. from Taenogera .     

Relationships between host blood factors and proteases in Glossina morsitans subspecies infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Abstract. Host blood effects on Trypanosoma congolense establishment in Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis were investigated using goat, rabbit, cow and rhinoceros blood. Meals containing goat erythrocytes facilitated infection in G. m. morsitans , whereas meals containing goat plasma facilitated infection in G. m. centralis. Goat blood effects were not observed in the presence of complementary rabbit blood components. N-acetyl-glucosamine (a midguMectin inhibitor) increased infection rates in some, but not all, blood manipulations. Cholesterol increased infection rates in G. m. centralis only. Both compounds together added to cow blood produced superinfection in G. m. centralis , but not in G. m. morsitans. Midgut protease levels did not differ 6 days post-infection in flies maintaining infections versus flies clearing infections. Protease levels were weakly correlated with patterns of infection, but only in G. m. morsitans. These results suggest that physiological mechanisms responsible for variation in infection rates are only superficially similar in these closely-related tsetse.     

Selection of Verticillium lecanii Isolates with High Potential for Biocontrol of Cucumber Powdery Mildew by Means of Components Analysis at Different Humidity Regimes

To identify characteristics for the selection of Verticillium lecanii isolates with high potential for biocontrol of Sphaerotheca fuliginea under glasshouse conditions, an exploratory study was performed on the effect of water limitation on the development of 14 isolates. The conidial germination, growth and sporulation of isolates of V. lecanii were studied in a tritrophic system on cucumber leaves and in a ditrophic system in Petri dishes. Their mycoparasitic ability was studied in S. fuliginea and Cladosporium cladosporioides . All characteristics were clearly affected by humidity. Four isolates showed good biocontrol potential. The performance of isolates on agar had less predictive value than on powdery mildew. The germination of isolates of V. lecanii was lower and the mycelial growth faster on agar than on mildewed leaves under corresponding humidity conditions. The results suggest that conditions in the phyllosphere differed from the set humidity in the surrounding air. A correlation was found between the lysis of C. cladosporioides growing in dual culture on agar with isolates of V. lecanii and the parasitism of powdery mildew on detached, rooted leaves. C. cladosporioides might offer a suitable substrate for testing isolates of V. lecanii for mycoparasitic potential under various environmental conditions. Conidial germination, growth and sporulation had limited predictive value.     

Evaluation of the Palaearctic Eurithia consobrina (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Canada

The evaluation of Eurithia consobrina (Meigen) as a candidate for introduction against bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in western Canada included studies of its host range, distribution, synchronization with host, constancy, abundance and life history in Europe. In addition, its diapause induction and its coldhardiness were compared with those of the target host M. configurata and its native tachinid parasitoid, Athrycia cinerea (Coq.). E. consobrina was found to fit criteria for a successful biocontrol agent reasonably well. It also had the potential to fill a largely unoccupied niche in the parasitoid complex of M. configurata. E. consobrina has a facultative diapause of the long-day type, similar to A. cinerea, but is less sensitive to diapause-inducing conditions. E. consobrina is at least as coldhardy as A. cinerea and more coldhardy than M. configurata. Laboratory exposures to temperatures of 0 C for 140 days apparently selected for greater coldhardiness, and later generations survived exposures of 140 days at -15 C without significant mortality. Adult E. consobrina were released at three locations in Manitoba in 1986 and 1987, but establishment has not been confirmed.     

Predation by Halmus chalybeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Ceroplastes destructor and C. sinensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae) Infesting Citrus in Northland, New Zealand

Predation by Halmus chalybeus (steelblue ladybird) on two species of wax scale was studied on citrus orchards in Northland, New Zealand. Field experiments using an exclusion technique of enclosing citrus branches in bags, found that larval and adult H. chalybeus preyed on first and second instars of both Ceroplastes destructor (white wax scale) and C. sinensis (Chinese wax scale), but not third instar C. destructor. Third instar C. sinensis and adults of both species were not tested but are rarely, if ever, attacked by H. chalybeus. The sampling of scale and ladybird populations and field experiments showed that few scales of either species survived past the second instar stage where H. chalybeus was numerous. The feeding rate of H. chalybeus on settled first and second instar scales was estimated inside bagged branches. Adults consumed on average 15.6 C. destructor and 13.3 C. sinensis per day per ladybird, while larvae ate 9.7 C. destructor per day. These feeding rates accounted for the experimental reduction of scale populations. H. chalybeus is a useful natural enemy for the control of C. destructor and C. sinensis when its activity is not disrupted by pesticides.     

Further flavonoid studies onAttalea species and some related cocosoid palms

In a flavonoid survey of direct and hydrolysed leaf extracts of sixteenAttalea, sevenScheelea and fourOrbignya species free tricin, tricin 7-glycosides, tricin 5-glucoside and flavone C-glycosides were the most frequent constituents; present in 100, 89, 70, and 81% of species, respectively. Luteolin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were each found in only 15% of the sample. The present results confirm the findings of a previous survey thatAttalea, Scheelea andOrbignya are chemically heterogeneous with as much variation between species as between genera. Furthermore, threeAttalea species,A. allenii, A. guaranitica andA. victoriana showed some infraspecific variation. On the other hand all three accessions ofA. ferruginea and six ofA. geraensis examined gave identical flavonoid profiles. The results support the view thatA. geraensis andA. guaranitica are closely related but do not support the suggested close relationship based on morphology betweenA. oleifera, A. burretiana andA. piassabossu.     

Investigations into the evolutionary history of the polyploid complexAntennaria neodioica (Asteraceae: Inuleae)

TheAntennaria neodioica polyploid agamic complex is a polymorphic species occurring across North America mainly north of the terminal margin of the Wisconsin glacier. This taxonomically difficult group has recently been treated as consisting of the four subspeciesA. neodioica subsp.canadensis, subsp.howellii, subsp.neodioica, and subsp.petaloidea. TheA. neodioica agamic complex has been considered of hybrid origin with several sexual diploid species constituting its parentage. Crosses were made among five sexual diploid species ofAntennaria, morphologically similar toA. neodioica s.l., in an attempt to discover its origins. Representative specimens of the five diploid species,A. neodioica s. l., and the synthetic interspecific F₁ hybrids were subjected to various analyses including PCA, cluster (UPGMA), and discriminant analyses. Results suggest that theA. neodioica complex is of multiple hybrid origin involving the four diploid speciesA. neglecta, A. plantaginifolia, A. racemosa, andA. virginica. BecauseA. neodioica is the result of diverse origin it is more desirable to consider the agamic complex as a separate, distinct species from its sexual diploid relatives. Several morphological characters in the diploid species were determined to be polygenically inherited.Investigations into the Evolutionary History of the Polyploid Complexes inAntennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae). I.