谷胱甘肽在乳酸乳球菌抵抗氧胁迫中的保护作用

为研究谷胱甘肽(GSH)在乳酸乳球菌NZ9000抗氧胁迫中的生理作用,以能够生物合成GSH的重组菌NZ9000(pNZ3203)为实验菌株进行了研究。结果表明,在较高H2O2胁迫剂量(150mmol/L H2O2,15min)下,前培养3h、5h和7h(即乳酸链球菌素诱导1h、3h和5h)时的重组菌细胞的存活率分别是处于相应生长时期对照菌NZ9000(pNZ8148)的1.8±0.1倍、2.6±0.1倍和2.9±0.3倍。表明GSH可以提高宿主菌NZ9000对H2O2所引发氧胁迫的抗性。GSH还可以提高宿主菌NZ9000对其它化学物质(如超氧阴离子自由基生成剂———甲萘醌)所引发氧胁迫的抗性。这表现在经20mmol/L甲萘醌处理60min后,前培养5h(即乳酸链球菌素诱导3h)时重组菌细胞的存活率是对照菌的6.2±0.1倍。由此表明,通过代谢工程手段在菌株NZ9000中引入GSH合成能力,可以提高宿主菌对氧胁迫的抗性。     

硬脂酰-辅酶A脱氢酶基因在食品级乳酸菌中的表达

为了实现硬脂酰-辅酶A脱氢酶1编码基因在乳酸乳球菌中的表达,采用PCR技术扩增获得人类scd1的编码序列。Nco I和Xba I双酶切后定向插入到食品级表达载体pNZ8149中,构建表达载体pNZ8149-scd1。电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,经菌落PCR和测序鉴定scd1基因成功插入到乳酸乳球菌中。在乳链菌肽诱导下进行scd1的表达,转化株提取脂肪酸,进行脂肪酸含量的气相色谱分析。结果显示,SCD1转化菌株中的C16∶1n-7和C18∶1n-7脂肪酸组分比转化pNZ8149的对照组乳酸菌分别提高了92%~169%和53%~127%。文中以scd1基因为例,尝试并证明了脂肪酸脱氢酶类基因能够在食品级乳酸菌中有效表达,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

牛凝乳酶原基因在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

【目的】利用乳酸乳球菌nisin诱导基因表达系统(the NIsin Controlled gene Expression system,NICE)表达牛凝乳酶原。【方法】从克隆载体pS19-PPC中获得牛凝乳酶原基因,将该基因与表达载体pNZ8148连接并电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,转化子经酶切、PCR和测序鉴定后,用nisin进行诱导表达,表达产物利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定,表达产物纯化后检测凝乳活性。【结果】重组牛凝乳酶原与天然牛凝乳酶原比较,其分子量大小、免疫性质、生物活性和抑制剂敏感性没有发现显著差异,其凝乳活性可达2×103IMCU/mL。【结论】在乳酸乳球菌中表达了具有凝乳活性的牛凝乳酶原,同时乳酸乳球菌作为发酵剂和凝乳酶产生菌双重角色的实现,为奶酪加工提供了新思路和新方法。     

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the lactococcal EPS plasmid pNZ4000

The complete 42180-bp nucleotide sequence of the mobilization plasmid pNZ4000, coding for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in Lactococcus lactis, was determined. This plasmid contains a region involved in EPS biosynthesis, four functional replicons, a region containing mobilization genes, and three origin of transfer (oriT) sequences. Sequences identical to these oriT sequences were also found on two other lactococcal plasmids and a plasmid from Lactobacillus helveticus. Several complete and partial IS elements were identified on pNZ4000, including iso-ISS1, iso-IS946, and iso-IS982 sequences. Furthermore, pNZ4000 contains a gene cluster that may encode a cobalt transport system and a gene that encodes a CorA homologue which may function as a magnesium transporter.     

在乳酸乳球菌中表达外源谷氨酰胺转胺酶显著改善宿主菌好氧生长性能

为改善乳酸乳球菌的生长性能,以轮枝链霉菌染色体DNA为模板,扩增得到编码谷氨酰胺转胺酶成熟酶的基因mtg,将其克隆到质粒pNZ8148中,电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,获得乳酸乳球菌NZ9000(pFL001)(重组菌)。在不控制pH条件下,重组菌的胞外pH显著高于对照菌NZ9000(pNZ8148);前者的最高生物量可达4.13gL,而后者只有0.34gL。在控制pH为6.5±0.1的条件下,重组菌最高生物量为4.73gL,对葡萄糖的菌体最高平均得率为71.1gmol,而相同条件下对照菌最高生物量为2.6gL,对葡萄糖的菌体最高平均得率为27.3gmol。由此表明,重组菌与对照菌相比,好氧生长性能得到显著改善。可能的原因是mtg的活性表达升高了重组菌的胞内pH,原先用于泵出胞内H 所需的部分能量可能因此得到节省,这样相应增加了用于细胞生长的能量。     

Large increase in brazzein expression achieved by changing the plasmid /strain combination of the NICE system in Lactococcus lactis

Aims:  To evaluate brazzein production in Lactococcus lactis using the nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. The approach is through analysis of different plasmid/strain combinations.
Methods and Results:  Two plasmid/strain combinations of the NICE system were used in brazzein expression: L. lactis NZ9000 harbouring plasmid pNZ8148, and L. lactis IL1403 harbouring plasmid pMSP3545. The former combination proved superior, with a >800-fold increase in His-tagged brazzein expression (to 1·65 mg l⁻¹ of fermentation broth), comparable to expression levels in Escherichia coli . Improved expression resulted in a minor increase in secretion to the medium with the use of the Usp45 signal peptide. The yield of wild-type brazzein corresponded to that of His-tagged brazzein. Wild-type brazzein was partially soluble and low-intensity sweetness was detected.
Conclusions:  The plasmid/strain combination of the NICE system has a significant impact on the expression of brazzein where a >800-fold increase was achieved. The greatly increased expression of brazzein resulted in minor improvement in secretion and low-intensity sweetness.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The choice of the plasmid/strain combination of the NICE system was shown to be of extreme importance in brazzein expression.     

galU基因在乳酸乳球菌中的克隆及其对胞外多糖产生的影响

从EcoliBL21克隆到UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（UGPase）基因galU,与pNZ8048载体连接构建重组表达质粒pNZ8048-galU,进而导入乳酸乳球菌L.lactisL18中,得到重组菌L.lactisL18／pNZS048-galU,研究galU插入对该菌产生胞外多糖的影响。结果显示,在含葡萄糖和乳糖（20：20g／L）的MRS培养基中,重组菌L.lactisL18／pNZ8048-galU在30℃,pH6．5的条件下培养26h,EPS产量最高,为1489．54mg／L;而相同条件下,L．lactisL18培养28h产量最高,为848．93mg／L。二者相比,EPS产量增加了1．75倍。     

Cloning and partial sequencing of the proteinase gene complex from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis UC317.

The proteinase genes from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis UC317 were identified on a plasmid, pCI310, which is a deletion derivative of a cointegrate between pCI301, the 75 kb Lac Prt plasmid from UC317 and the 38.5 kb cryptic plasmid from that strain. The prt genes were cloned using a replacement cloning strategy whereby fragments from pCI310 were exchanged with the equivalent fragments in pNZ521, which contains the cloned proteinase genes from L. lactis subsp. lactis SK112. This generated two plasmids which encoded a cell-envelope-associated and a secreted proteinase, respectively. Specific regions of the UC317 structural prtP gene known to encode seven of the amino acids essential for substrate cleavage specificity were sequenced and compared with the known sequences of prt genes from L. lactis strains SK112, Wg2 and NCDO763. In spite of various differences that were detected in the nucleotide sequence of this region, it appears that these seven amino acids in strains UC317 and NCDO763 are identical, and represent a combination of three of the amino acids from SK112 and four from Wg2. These results indicate that the UC317 proteinase is a natural hybrid of the SK112 and Wg2 proteinases.     

The lactose transporter in Leuconostoc lactis is a new member of the LacS subfamily of galactoside-pentose-hexuronide translocators.

The gene encoding the lactose transport protein (lacS) of Leuconostoc lactis NZ6009 has been cloned from its native lactose plasmid, pNZ63, by functional complementation of lactose permease-deficient Escherichia coli mutants. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame with the capacity to encode a protein of 639 amino acids which had limited but significant identity to the lactose transport carriers (LacS) of Streptococcus thermophilus (34.5%) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (35.6%). This similarity was present both in the amino-terminal hydrophobic carrier domain, which is homologous to the E. coli melibiose transporter, and in the carboxy-terminal enzyme IIA-like regulatory domain. The flanking regions of DNA surrounding lacS were also sequenced. Preceding the lacS gene was a small open reading frame in the same orientation encoding a deduced 95-amino-acid protein with a sequence similar to the amino-terminal portion of beta-galactosidase I from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The lacS gene was separated from the downstream beta-galactosidase genes (lacLM) by 2 kb of DNA containing an IS3-like insertion sequence, which is a novel arrangement for lac genes in comparison with that in other lactic acid bacteria. The lacS gene was cloned in an E. coli-Streptococcus shuttle vector and was expressed both in a lacS deletion derivative of S. thermophilus and in a pNZ63-cured strain, L. lactis NZ6091. The role of the LacS protein was confirmed by uptake assays in which substantial uptake of radiolabeled lactose or galactose was observed with L. lactis or S. thermophilus plasmids harboring an intact lacS gene. Furthermore, galactose uptake was observed in NZ6091, suggesting the presence of at least one more transport system for galactose in L. lactis.     

General and specialized vectors derived from pBM02, a new rolling circle replicating plasmid of Lactococcus lactis

This paper reports the construction of several general cloning vectors and a specialized depurative vector based on a new lactococcal plasmid that replicates by the rolling circle mechanism [pBM02; Plasmid 49 (2003) 118]. Most vectors are shuttle vectors for Escherichia coli-Lactococcus lactis and carry replicons of both ColE1 and pBM02 plasmids (ColE1 is used even though the pBM02 replicon is fully active in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms). Segregational and structural studies indicated that the new vectors were stable enough for the majority of applications. Further, since the basic replicon is compatible with plasmid derivatives of pWV01 and pSH71, they can be maintained in the same cell with members of the two largest vector series for L. lactis and other lactic acid bacteria, the pGK, and the pNZ series.     

乳酸乳球菌食品级诱导表达系统的构建及异源蛋白的表达

以α-aga基因为食品级选择标记构建了乳酸乳球菌食品级高效诱导细胞内和细胞壁锚定表达系统,并用这一表达系统表达了铜绿假单胞菌融合外膜蛋白基因OprF/H。首先以pRAF800和pNZ8048构建了含有α-aga、PnisA-MCS-TpepN和θ复制子的乳酸乳球菌食品级细胞内诱导表达载体pRNA48,再以pRNA48和pVE5524为出发载体构建了含有α-aga、PnisA-SPUsp45-nucA-CWAM6-t1t2和θ复制子的乳酸乳球菌细胞壁锚定诱导表达载体pRNV48。然后以食品级载体pRNA48和pRNV48为基础,构建了不含抗生素抗性选择标记的铜绿假单胞菌融合外膜蛋白基因的表达质粒pRNA48-OprF/H和pRNV48-OprF/H。利用nisin进行重组乳酸乳球菌菌株的诱导表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,检测到表达蛋白分别占细胞内可溶蛋白的9.6%和细胞壁锚定蛋白的9.8%,表达产物具有免疫原性,可与含OprF/H的乳球菌以及铜绿假单胞菌发生特异性的凝集反应。     

表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白重组乳酸乳球菌在模拟动物胃肠道内的稳定性检测

为确定本实验室研究构建的表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白重组乳酸乳球菌pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000在模拟动物肠道内稳定性,对重组菌株的培养条件、蛋白表达和质粒携带以及在模拟胃肠道环境中的稳定性进行了检测。实验结果表明能够保持其蛋白表达的稳定性及重组质粒的稳定性;模拟胃肠道环境实验结果表明重组菌能够耐受胰蛋白酶溶液、0.1%的胆汁及在含有胃蛋白酶pH 1.5的盐酸存活1 h和在pH 2.5的盐酸耐受性良好。     

A cryptic plasmid from Shigella sonnei

pNZ500 is a 1.5 kb cryptic plasmid from a Shigella sonnei isolate. It was introduced into Escherichia coli by cotransformation, where it is maintained at about 30 copies per chromosome equivalent. Hybridization studies show that pNZ500 exhibits a high level of sequence similarity to other 1.5 kb plasmids found in different S. sonnei isolates but shares no homology with larger S. sonnei plasmids. pNZ500 shares a small degree of sequence homology with pBR322 and with pAC184. The homology with pBR322 is restricted to sequences close to the ori-bom region of this plasmid. Nevertheless, pNZ500 maintenance in E. coli is not dependent on DNA polymerase I activity, and does depend on continuing protein synthesis. pNZ500 encodes two polypeptide gene products whose monomer molecular weights are 24500 and 18000. The examination of host cells for the expression of possible plasmid phenotypes revealed no differences between cells bearing pNZ500 and plasmidless cells.     

Cloning and heterologous production of Hiracin JM79, a Sec-dependent bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus hirae DCH5, in lactic acid bacteria and Pichia pastoris

Hiracin JM79 (HirJM79), a Sec-dependent bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus hirae DCH5, was cloned and produced in Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus sakei, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pichia pastoris. For heterologous production of HirJM79 in lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the HirJM79 structural gene (hirJM79), with or without the HirJM79 immunity gene (hiriJM79), was cloned into the plasmid pMG36c under the control of the constitutive promoter P(32) and into the plasmid pNZ8048 under the control of the inducible P(NisA) promoter. For the production of HirJM79 in P. pastoris, the gene encoding the mature HirJM79 protein was cloned into the pPICZalphaA expression vector. The recombinant plasmids permitted the production of biologically active HirJM79 in the supernatants of L. lactis IL1403, L. lactis NZ9000, L. sakei Lb790, E. faecalis JH2-2, and P. pastoris X-33, the coproduction of HirJM79 and nisin A in L. lactis DPC5598, and the coproduction of HirJM79 and enterocin P in E. faecium L50/14-2. All recombinant LAB produced larger quantities of HirJM79 than E. hirae DCH5, although the antimicrobial activities of most transformants were lower than that predicted from their production of HirJM79. The synthesis, processing, and secretion of HirJM79 proceed efficiently in recombinant LAB strains and P. pastoris.     

表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因的重组乳酸乳球菌的构建及免疫原性分析

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突(S)蛋白的全基因序列及表达载体质粒的基因融合特点,设计一对引物,进行PCR扩增,获得含有TGEVS基因4个主要抗原位点的约2000bp的目的片段,将其与分泌表达的载体质粒pNZ8112进行连接,通过电击转化进入宿主菌乳酸乳球菌NZ9000细胞内,在乳链菌肽(Nisin)的诱导下进行表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,表明TGEVS蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中获得表达,所表达的TGEVS蛋白具有与TGE病毒一样的抗原特异性。间接免疫荧光试验表明重组菌表达蛋白定位于菌体表面。将表达TGEVS蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌及空质粒菌株分别口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集粪便样品进行抗体检测,结果表明分泌型的重组菌pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗TGEVsIgA抗体。     

Thermosensitive plasmid replication, temperature-sensitive host growth, and chromosomal plasmid integration conferred by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris lactose plasmids in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.

Evidence is presented that lactose-fermenting ability (Lac+) in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris AM1, SK11, and ML1 is associated with plasmid DNA, even though these strains are difficult to cure of Lac plasmids. When the Lac plasmids from these strains were introduced into L. lactis subsp. lactis LM0230, they appeared to replicate in a thermosensitive manner; inheritance of the plasmid was less efficient at 32 to 40 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. The stability of the L. lactis subsp. cremoris Lac plasmids in lactococci appeared to be a combination of both host and plasmid functions. Stabilized variants were isolated by growing the cultures at 32 to 40 degrees C; these variants contained the Lac plasmids integrated into the L. lactis subsp. lactis LM0230 chromosome. In addition, the presence of the L. lactis subsp. cremoris Lac plasmids in L. lactis subsp. lactis resulted in a temperature-sensitive growth response; growth of L. lactis subsp. lactis transformants was significantly inhibited at 38 to 40 degrees C, thereby resembling some L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains with respect to temperature sensitivity of growth.     

Thermosensitive plasmid replication, temperature-sensitive host growth, and chromosomal plasmid integration conferred by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris lactose plasmids in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis

Evidence is presented that lactose-fermenting ability (Lac+) in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris AM1, SK11, and ML1 is associated with plasmid DNA, even though these strains are difficult to cure of Lac plasmids. When the Lac plasmids from these strains were introduced into L. lactis subsp. lactis LM0230, they appeared to replicate in a thermosensitive manner; inheritance of the plasmid was less efficient at 32 to 40 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. The stability of the L. lactis subsp. cremoris Lac plasmids in lactococci appeared to be a combination of both host and plasmid functions. Stabilized variants were isolated by growing the cultures at 32 to 40 degrees C; these variants contained the Lac plasmids integrated into the L. lactis subsp. lactis LM0230 chromosome. In addition, the presence of the L. lactis subsp. cremoris Lac plasmids in L. lactis subsp. lactis resulted in a temperature-sensitive growth response; growth of L. lactis subsp. lactis transformants was significantly inhibited at 38 to 40 degrees C, thereby resembling some L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains with respect to temperature sensitivity of growth.     

用新法制备K88ac基因探针

Plasmid pNZ8802 containing K88ac gene was digested by EcoRI, and the small fragment was cloned to vector plasmid pUB110. One of the hybrid plasmids was named as pNZ8803 which was used to gene probe for detecting varity of strains. Strains containing K88ac or K88ab gene were all positive hybridization, and strains which did not containing K88ac gene were all negative hybridization. The result indicated that the gene probe was highly specificity and sensitivity.     

Intergeneric transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid killer plasmids, pGKl1 and pGKl2, from Kluyveromyces lactis into Saccharomyces cerevisiae by cell fusion

Two novel linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids, pGKl1 and pGKl2, were isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. K. lactis strains harboring the pGK1 plasmids killed a certain group of yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces italicus, Saccharomyces rouxii, K. lactis, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Kluyvermyces vanudenii, Torulopsis glabrata, Candida utilis, and Candida intermedia. In this experiment, the pGKl1 and pGKl2 plasmids were intergenerically transferred from a K. lactis killer strain into a non-killer (killer-sensitive) strain of S. cerevisiae by the use of a protoplast fusion technique. Both of the pGKl plasmids replicated autonomously and stably in the new host cells of S. cerevisiae and could coexist with the resident 2-micrometers deoxyribonucleic acid plasmid. The S. cerevisiae cells which accepted the pGKl plasmids expressed the same killer phenotype as that of the donor K. lactis killer and became resistant to the K. lactis killer. The pGKl plasmids existing in the S. cerevisiae cells were cured by treatment with ethidium bromide, and the killer and resistance characters were simultaneously lost. From there results, it was concluded that both the killer and the resistance genes are located on the pGKl plasmids.     

Molecular cloning and expression in E. coli of a yeast gene coding for beta-galactosidase.

The yeast Kluyveromyces lactis synthesizes a beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.32) which is inducible by lactose. We have isolated the gene that codes for this enzyme using recombinant DNA techniques. K. lactis DNA was partially digested with the restriction endonuclease Eco R1 and joined to Eco R1-digested pBR322 plasmid DNA using DNA ligase. ligase. A lac-mutant of Escherichia coli lacking the structural gene for beta-galactosidase was transformed with ligated DNA. Three lac+ transformants containing recombinant plasmids were selected. Two of the plasmids (pK15 and pK17) contain four Eco R1-K. lactis DNA fragments having molecular weights of 2.2, 1.4, 0.55 and 0.5 x 10(6) daltons. The other plasmid (pK16) lacks the smallest fragment. E. coli carrying any of these plasmids produce beta-galactosidase activity that has a sedimentation coefficient and immunological determinants that are nearly identical to K. lactis beta-galactosidase and distinctly different from E. coli beta-galactosidase. DNA-DNA hybridization studies show that the four Eco R1 fragments in pK15 hybridize to K. lactis but not to E. coli DNA.