两株蓖麻蚕核型多角体病毒的比较研究

本文描述来源不同的两株菌麻蚕多角体病毒的形态特征和理化特性。一株为较长期饲喂马桑叶的蓖麻蚕从自然罹死的幼虫和蛹中分离的多角体病毒（简称ArscsNPV);另一株为饲喂蓖麻叶的蓖麻蚕从幼虫分离的核型多角体病毒（简称ArscsNPV);另一株为饲喂蓖麻叶的蓖麻蚕从幼虫分离的核型多角体病毒（简称ArNPV)。两株核型多角体病ArNPV多角体大小约1．2－2．0μm最大的可达2．9μm。两株NPV病毒粒子均为杆状,ArscsNPV病毒粒子大小平均为310×50nm;ArNPV病毒粒子大小为350×50nm。两株NPV均为多粒包埋型。两株NPV的多角体蛋白均为单一组分,ArscsNPV多角体蛋白分子量为27．5kd;ArNPV多角体蛋白分子量为28kd。两株NPV的病毒粒子结构多肽均含有21条多肽,其中各多肽分子量有所差异。ArscsNPV的病毒粒子多肽分子量范围为11－130kd;ArNPV病毒粒子多肽分子量范围为11－96kd,其中有11种多肽了量彼此相同包括两种主要多肽（54kd和33kd）。用SDS－苯酚提取的病毒核酸,经实验证明均为双链DNA型使用几种内切酶酶解,求得两株NPV的核酸分子量,ArscsNPV为52．4×10^6d;ArNPV为73．5×10^6d。     

粉纹夜蛾单粒包埋核型多角体病毒在同源细胞系中连续传代的研究(英文)

本文研究了粉纹夜蛾单粒包埋核型多角体病毒 (TnSNPV)在同源细胞连续传代及测定病毒特性的变化。结果表明 ,TnSNPV病毒的分子量为 115.8kbp。感染细胞 8小时后病毒开始复制 ,4 0h达到最大量。在整个传代期间 ,芽生病毒 (BV)对Tn 5B1 4细胞一直有很强的侵染力 ,大约可保持在 5.0logT CID50 /mL的侵染力。但随着传递代数的增加 ,多角体产量及对幼虫的侵染力明显下降 ;电镜观察结果发现 ,来自传代早期 (10代前 )的病毒克隆产生正常的多角体 ,内含大量的病毒粒子 ,而来自传代后期(15代以后 )的病毒克隆多为无粒子的多角体 ;内切酶分析和DNA杂交结果表明 ,分离的病毒克隆株与野生型病毒的基因组同源 ,通过连续传代后 ,发生某些DNA片段的缺失。因此 ,这些特性的改变是导致对幼虫毒力下降和产量降低的主要因素。     

烟青虫感染核型多角体病毒后围食膜的病变

昆虫的围食膜是衬在昆虫中肠内一种网状的结构,它可充作虫体抵御外来病原侵染的一道屏障。关于鳞翅目昆虫幼虫感染了昆虫病毒后围食膜的病变问题,国内外鲜有报道。尤锡镇和康慧娟(1985)曾以实验证明家蚕围食膜对核型多角体病毒有灭活作用,而且认为核型多角体病毒不能侵染和破坏围食膜。Derksen和Granados(1988)则证明染病幼虫的围食膜因不同杆状病毒(包括两种核型多角体病     

柞蚕核型多角体病毒载体在培养细胞和休眠蛹中的基因表达效果

柞蚕核型多角体病毒（AnpeNPV）作为基因表达载体在柞蚕培养细胞（AnPe细胞）和柞蚕蛹中已经成功地表达出了外来基因,并生产出了大量蛋白质。本文比较了AnpeNPV与苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)、家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)和美国白蛾核型多角体病毒(HycuNPV)基因表达载体在培养细胞和昆虫活体组织内的β-半乳糖苷酶基因表达效果。结果显示,5×105个细胞中β-半乳糖苷酶的最高酶活性分别是AnpeNPV在AnPe细胞为40.9 units/ml （TC-100培养液,FBS10%）和59.9 units/ml（SF-900Ⅱ培养液）,AcMNPV在Sf9细胞为72.4 units/ml（TC-100,FBS10%）和66.4 units/ml（SF-900Ⅱ）、在High5细胞为326 units/ml（EX-CELL 405培养液）,BmNPV在Bm4细胞为15.1 units/ml（TC-100,FBS10%）,HycuNPV在SpIm细胞为68.6 units/ml（SF-900Ⅱ）。活体组织内β-半乳糖苷酶的最高酶活性分别是柞蚕雌蛹为14.3 units/g、雄蛹为11.7 units/g,家蚕幼虫是10.1 units/g。实验证明AnpeNPV/AnPe的外来基因表达水平与AcMNPV/ Sf9和HycuNPV/SpIm相似、比BmNPV/ Bm4高、不及AcMNPV/ High5;AnpeNPV/柞蚕蛹,其雌蛹比BmNPV/家蚕5龄幼虫的外来基因表达效果好、雄蛹与之无明显差异,说明AnpeNPV基因表达载体无论是在培养细胞还是昆虫活体组织中均可与其他NPV基因表达载体相媲美。柞蚕蛹由于可以机械化、大规模地操作,显示对于大量生产蛋白质具有更好的应用前景。     

三种主要环境因子对茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒毒力的影响

本文对温度、紫外线和茶园露水对茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(EoNPV)毒力的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在18—26℃下,适于病毒感染各龄幼虫,幼虫病死率达100％;但在30、34℃下,除1龄初饲毒外,病死率、化蛹率和羽化率明显下降或上升,3龄初或其以后饲毒,74％以上幼虫能化蛹,89％以上蛹能羽化。离体病毒经45℃处理2天,毒力开始明显减退。紫外线照射2—8分钟,离体病毒毒力减退不明显;照射16分钟,毒力开始明显减退。紫外线对离体病毒的影响与温度及病毒浓度有关。茶园露水对离体病毒无明显影响。     

柞蚕成虫卵巢细胞株的建立及其对病毒敏感性的研究

建立了一株连续生长的柞蚕成虫卵巢细胞株Ap－4,测定了细胞株的生长曲线,细胞株的群体倍增时间为67h,该细胞株亦可以在无血清培养基SF－900Ⅱ中生长。用同源的柞蚕核型多角体病毒感染细胞后,观察了细胞的病理变化以及病毒多角体的形成。检测了病毒多角体的数量以及非包埋型病毒的TCID50数值,细胞株增殖的病毒对柞蚕幼虫和Ap－4细胞株仍具有感染性。     

高温条件下茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒对茶尺蠖繁殖的影响

本文报告了高温季节茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒对其宿主繁殖的影响。结果表明,免于病死的雌性蛹、成虫的卵巢发育进度与对照相比,无显著性差异;3龄末和4、5龄初饲毒后,化蛹率与羽化率极显著下降,交配率一股明显下降,而羽化成虫的产卵前期、寿命、产卵量、总怀卵量及卵孵化率与对照相比并无显著差异。成虫饲毒后,繁殖力不受影响。     

舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒亚致死剂量对舞毒蛾幼虫的影响

用舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒亚致死剂量1.3X10⁴-1.3X10⁶多角体/毫升对舞毒蛾(Lymantri dispar)五龄雌雄幼虫分别进行感染后发现,除获得死亡率的不同外,存活个体化蛹数及雌雄比例亦发生变化。雌雄比例倾向于雄性。电镜照片显示在雌性幼虫中被侵染的组织包括脂肪、气管基底膜、腹神经节、胸腺、卵巢及大脑,而胸腺、卵巢和大脑被核型多角体病毒感染的报道很少。使用免疫金颗粒标记技术测得细胞核中的舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒与其抗体间具有强烈的亲和性。     

茶毛虫核型多角体病毒的血清学特性

用免疫双扩散、对流免疫电泳、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),固相免疫电镜(SPIEM)等技术,对茶毛虫核型多角体病毒(EpNPV)的抗原特性及与其它10种核型多角体病毒的血清学关系进行分析。结果表明,EpNPV粒子的抗血清只能与EpNPV粒子起反应,不与EpNPV的多角体蛋白及其它10种昆虫核型多角体病毒(NPV)粒子发生交叉反应;EpNPV多角体蛋白抗血清除了和其同源的多角体蛋白起反应外,还能和其它两种NPV的多角体蛋白起反应。以上结果说明了EpNPV的结构蛋白具有较高的抗原特异性,而多角体蛋白则没有种间特异性。同时将固相免疫电镜技术应用到昆虫病毒的血清学检测中,取得了较为理想的结果。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的血清学研究

用提纯的棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(NPV)的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子免疫家兔制备抗血清,用免疫扩散和对流免疫电泳对四林棉铃虫NPV的多角体蛋白和病毒粒于进行了血清学比较研究。四株棉铃虫NPV分为两个包埋类型：单粒包埋型和多粒包埋型。soI．{3株和H．M株属前者,VHA 273株和XIA 10株属后者。同一株NPV的多角体蛋白或病毒粒子只与它们同源抗血清有反应。它们之间无交叉反应,表明同一株NPV的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子各具有特异的抗原。四株NPV的多角体蛋白不仅与同源的多角体蛋白抗血清有反应,而且也与异 源的多角体蛋白抗血清有交叉反应,说明四株NPV多角体蛋白具有共同的抗原。而四株病毒粒子与同源的病毒粒子抗血清有反应,在它们之间无交叉反应,表明四株NPv病毒粒子各具有自己特异的抗原。     

The infectivity of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the velvetbean caterpillar for eight noctuid hosts

Eight species of noctuid larvae were tested for susceptibility to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis. Velvetbean caterpillar larvae were highly susceptible to crude preparations of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs; LD₅₀ = 4.7 PIBs/larva), but preparations of purified polyhedra were much less effective against these larvae (LD₅₀ = 319.7 PIBs/larva). Of seven other noctuid species tested, only Heliothis virescens was as susceptible to the virus as A. gemmatalis. High dosages were required to kill Heliothis zea, Trichoplusia ni, Pseudoplusia includens, and Spodoptera ornithogalli. Plathypena scabra and Spodoptera frugiperda were not susceptible.     

Electron microscope observations of Autographa californica (Noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in the midgut of the saltmarsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Arctiidae)

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Autographa californica was studied with the electron microscope in the midgut of the salt marsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea. The results of the present study were compared with a previous study in which the same inoculum was fed to Spodoptera exigua. In Estigmene acrea polyhedra were produced, but virions were not occluded. Nonoccluded virions were found throughout the midgut cytoplasm and budding into the hemocoel. Within the cytoplasm, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed to contain paracrystalline proteinaceous bodies. Fibrous bodies and annulate lamellae were also found in the cytoplasm of infected cells.     

Serological relationships of five nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from lepidopterous species

The serological relationships of five nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) were investigated using the immunodiffusion technique with intragel absorption. Reciprocal tests demonstrated that virion fractions from Autographa californica multiple embedded virus (MEV), Heliothis armigera MEV, and H. zea single embedded virus (SEV) are not related to each other or to virions from Trichoplusia ni SEV and Pseudoplusia includens SEV. Virion fractions of T. ni and P. includens NPV were shown to be closely related, sharing several antigens. Matrix fractions possessed a common group antigen and one or two antigens specific for the individual NPV with the exception that T. ni and P. includens NPV shared one of these antigens. The specific antigens of the matrix fraction were also shared with the homologous virion fraction.     

三种核型多角体病毒核酸同源性的研究

用分子杂交技术研究了黑点银纹夜蛾(Arqyrogramma agnata Stgr,)单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(简称A,A,SNPV),斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(简称PL MNPV)以及用A,A,SNPV感染斜纹夜蛾幼虫所获得的多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(暂称PoI MNPV)三种病毒核酸的同源性,用SDS-Tris酚法分别提取病毒核酸,用内切酶Eco RⅠ酶解,比较了病毒核酸的酶解图谱及分子量,用〔α-~(32)P〕dATP标记的三种病毒核酸Eco RⅠ酶解片段作探针,分别与各病毒核酸的Eco RI酶解片段杂交,结果表明PoI MNPV与PL MNPV的病毒核酸同源,而A,A,SNPV DNA不与PoI MNPV DNA、PL MNPV DNA杂交,无同源序列。     

杨尺蠖核型多角体病毒蛋白质的特性

本文研究了杨尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AciNPV)蛋白质特性,用反复调等电点法,从AciNPV的多角体蛋白中分离到A,B两种蛋白,Sepharose 6B柱层析和超离心沉降分析表明,两者均为一个峰纯,沉降系数(S20w)分别为4.9和8.9,对A蛋白进行了16种氨基酸组成分析,Glu、Asp和Leu含量高于其它氨基酸,不含Cys,用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和免疫双扩散法分析表明,用两倍体积饱和硫酸铵沉淀法制备的多角体蛋白,与提纯的多角体A、B蛋白之间无差异,多角体蛋白结构多肽由6种组成,分子量在12500—54000道尔顿范围内,其中32000是多角体蛋白的主要多肽,病毒粒子结构多肽和核衣壳蛋白分别由19和7个多肽组成,分子量范围分别在89000～13000和34000～13000之间,间接试验结果表明,在AciNPV中有碱性蛋白酶活性存在。     

Comparison of the time-mortality response of Heliothis zea to 14 isolates of Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Twelve singly embedded isolates (SEV) and two multiply embedded isolates (MEV) of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from Heliothis larvae were compared by time-mortality assays in neonate H. zea larvae. The isolates could be separated into six groups based on differences in the 50% survival time (ST₅₀) values. Isolates with identical restriction endonuclease (REN) profiles did not differ significantly in their ST₅₀ values, whereas isolates with several different REN cleavage sites also had significantly different ST₅₀ values. With the exception of one isolate from India, the singly embedded isolates acted faster than the multiply embedded isolates.     

Virus particle packaging in baculovirus and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus inclusion bodies

The structure of the inclusion bodies (IBs) of three multiply enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (MNPVs), one singly enveloped NPV (SNPV), two granulosis viruses (GVs) and one cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) were compared. A method was devised to calculate the numbers of virus particles and nucleocapsids in IBs using data from light microscopy and thin sections. The three MNPVs, from Agrotis segetum (English and Polish virus isolates) and Mamestra brassicae had similar concentrations of virus particles ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 per μm³ of IB. Plusia gamma SNPV had a higher density of 59.6 virus particles per μm³ of IB, which partly compensated for its having smaller IBs (mean volume 0.65 μm³) than the MNPVs (2.60–9.71 μm³). The English A. segetum MNPV isolate had the most nucleocapsids in each virus particle (mean, 4.04) and the largest IBs (mean volume, 9.71 μm³), giving 674 nucleocapsids per IB on average. The GVs, from A. segetum and Pieris brassicae, mainly contained one nucleocapsid per IB. P. gamma CPV IBs had a much higher density of virus particles than the baculoviruses (260 per μm³ compared with 17–60 per μm³). These data are discussed in relation to the biological properties of these viruses, and possible adaptational advantages of alternative IB designs are considered.     

Ultrastructure of fat body cells of the velvetbean caterpillar infected with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus

During a study of the ultrastructure of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, various types of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions were found in fat body tissue heavily infected with the virus. Virogenic stroma was present in the nuclei of most infected cells. Bundles of fibrous material were observed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of cells containing polyhedral bodies. Other nuclear inclusions included concentric multilayered material, vacuoles, and membrane structures.