益生菌微胶囊化技术研究概述

本文介绍了益生菌的生理功能及其微胶囊化的不同方法,并探讨了其发展前景。     

保加利亚乳杆菌微胶囊化工艺研究

目的制备保加利亚乳杆菌微胶囊,提高菌株的酸、热耐受性及降低菌体的分离成本。方法以保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)为研究对象,海藻酸钠(SA)为壳材、CaCl2为固化剂,制备保加利亚乳杆菌微胶囊;包埋率、颗粒平均化程度、机械强度等为考核指标,研究保加利亚乳杆菌微胶囊化的工艺。结果当海藻酸钠浓度为0.75%、CaCl2浓度为3%、电压为600V、泵速为1.96mL/min、震动频率为80Hz时,微胶囊化包埋效果最佳,经固定化后的菌微胶囊保持了良好的保加利亚乳杆菌的活性,微囊化保加利亚乳杆菌经过2次连续发酵后的产酸量分别达到59.4g/L和55.8g/L。结论本研究为工业化生产乳酸提供了一条具有经济价值的途径。     

工业生产益生菌微囊化技术的研究进展

益生菌的微囊技术因其能显著提高益生菌的在胃肠道中的存活率而备受关注。本研究从益生菌微囊技术中所使用的包埋材料出发,深入论述了能应用于生产的微囊技术,并引出生产不同益生菌产品的常用技术。     

益生菌的研究进展

益生菌对人类的健康有着非常重要的作用。本文主要综述了益生菌的功能和它在养殖业,食品工业,临床方面的应用。     

微胶囊化蒜粉的工艺研究

蒜粉微胶囊化工艺可以保护蒜粉中的生物活性物质不被破坏.本文研究了不同的工艺条件对微胶囊化蒜粉的产率和效率的影响.结果表明最佳工艺条件为:蒜粉粒径范围30～100目,EC壁材溶液浓度3%,心材与壁材比4∶ 1,壁材与聚乙二醇(PEG)比4∶ 1,此时微胶囊化产率和效率分别达到95%和96.8%.     

益生菌用途及其工艺化研究进展

益生菌是通过定殖在动物体内,对宿主健康有益的一类"活性微生物",是宿主代谢的重要参与者。高密度发酵已经成为提高益生菌活菌数的重要手段之一,其中发酵工艺在高密度发酵过程中起着关键性的作用。在饲料添加剂市场上,益生菌制剂亟需一种生产成本低且制粉简便的生产方法。对益生菌的种类、功能、高密度发酵条件探索以及制剂化等方面的已有研究成果进行了总结,并对该领域未来的研究进行了展望,旨在为益生菌生产提供有价值的参考。     

不同壁材微胶囊饲料对黄姑鱼稚鱼生长和消化酶活力的影响

研究采用湿法制粒流化床包衣工艺, 分别以明胶、乙基纤维素、玉米醇溶蛋白为壁材制备微胶囊饲料, 比较其对黄姑鱼稚鱼生长和消化酶活力的影响. 粒径(178-590) m的3种微胶囊饲料质量均大于50%. 扫描电镜观察微胶囊饲料的表面均有一层较为致密的包衣薄膜. 壁材明胶、乙基纤维素、玉米醇溶蛋白微胶囊饲料的包含率分别为95.4%、95.6%和95.8%; 脂类包埋率分别为72.6%、76.5%和64.3%; 氮保留率分别为53.5%、62.3%和54.6%. 将3种微胶囊饲料分别饲喂15日龄黄姑鱼稚鱼30d. 明胶组和玉米醇溶蛋白组稚鱼的体重、全长均显著高于乙基纤维素组(P0.05), 但成活率差异不显著(P0.05); 明胶组稚鱼的体重、全长和成活率均高于玉米醇溶蛋白组, 但差异均不显著(P0.05). 明胶组稚鱼的胰蛋白酶活力显著高于乙基纤维素组和玉米醇溶蛋白组(P0.05), 但淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶活力的差异均不显著(P0.05). 与乙基纤维素、玉米醇溶蛋白相比, 明胶更适合作为黄姑鱼稚鱼微胶囊饲料壁材.       

以阿拉伯胶为主要壁材的九头狮子草红色素微胶囊化色素液稳定性的比较研究

本文研究了阿拉伯胶为主要壁材,阿拉伯与蔗糖为复翕才的九狮子草红色素的微囊化方法,并对微囊红色素液的物理和化学稳定性进行了探讨。结果表明,以要拉伯胶与蔗糖配比为２Ｌ：１８的微囊化色素液理化性质较稳定。为九了草红以纱应用于食品生产及微囊化技术中壁材的选择提供了理论依据。     

水产动物益生菌研究进展

自从 2 0世纪 5 0年代 ,抗生素被广泛使用于养殖业以来 ,由它产生的病原菌的耐药性问题、动物体内菌群失调问题以及抗生素本身的残留性问题越来越严重 ,已使抗生素成为全球性的污染物 ,其巨大的负面效应也使抗生素成为限制世界养殖业发展的重要因素。在这种情况下 ,益生素(probiotics)的研究和应用就引起了人们越来越多的关注。随着微生物学和微生态学的深入研究 ,利用益生菌来调节动物体内的微生态平衡 ,恢复机体正常生理功能、防治病害、增进健康 ,正逐渐成为世界范围内的热潮。由于益生菌制品没有残留 ,也不会产生抗药性 ,许多国家的饲料…     

紫玉米花青素的微胶囊化研究

花青素作为植物界广泛存在的一种天然食用色素,安全、无毒、资源丰富,而且具有一定营养和药理作用,然而花青素对pH值、氧气、温度、光、金属离子等十分敏感。拟利用微胶囊化技术,保护花青素的抗氧化特性,并比较了2种常用的微胶囊方法（喷雾干燥法和锐孔法）的包埋效果,以期为花青素的使用提供一定参考。结果表明,啧雾干燥法制备紫玉米花青素微胶囊效果较锐孔法更好,而且当选择麦芽糊精和阿拉伯胶1：1作喷雾干燥的壁材,芯材（花青素）与壁材按1：16制备时,其包埋率可达34％,效果最佳。     

Process optimization for microencapsulation of probiotic yeasts

Background

Microencapsulation is a technique which improves the survival and viability of probiotics. We demonstrate encapsulation of five potential probiotic yeasts with alginate and gum as encapsulation matrices to improve their gastrointestinal transit.

Methods

Gum extracted from various cereals viz. rice, oats, barley, finger millet and pearl millet along with alginate have been used to encapsulate five potential probiotic yeasts. Screening was carried out by measuring swelling index, encapsulation efficiency and nutritional value of microcapsules encapsulated with alginate and gum. The concentration of OBG, sodium alginate and inoculum dosage of probiotic yeasts was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Efficiency of alginate OBG microcapsules with or without coating materials viz. whey protein and chitosan also tested. The mucoadhesion ability and storage stability of alginate OBG microcapsules with coating materials were tested.

Results

Highest encapsulation efficiency of probiotic yeasts was noted using oats bran gum (OBG) microcapsules along with alginate in all the five probiotic yeasts. Notably whey protein coated microcapsules showed maximum GIT tolerance (95%) and mucoadhesion (90%) for L. starkeyi VIT-MN03. The minimum loss of viability was observed in L. starkeyi VITMN03 microcapsules on 60th day of storage.

Conclusions

This is the first report on optimization and survival of microencapsulated probiotic yeasts under simulated GIT conditions using natural gum and alginate as encapsulation matrices and whey protein as coating material.

     

Development of a novel probiotic delivery system based on microencapsulation with protectants

The establishment of the health-promoting benefits of probiotics is challenged by the antimicrobial bio-barriers throughout the host’s gastrointestinal (GI) tract after oral administration. Although microencapsulation has been frequently utilised to enhance the delivery of probiotics, microcapsules of sub-100 μm were found to be ineffective and therefore questioned as an effective delivery vehicle for viable probiotics despite the sensory advantage. In this study, four probiotics strains were encapsulated in chitosan-coated alginate microcapsules of sub-100 μm. Only a minor protective effect was observed from this original type of microcapsule. In order to enhance the survival of these probiotics, sucrose, a metabolisable sugar, and lecithin vesicles were added to the wall material. Both of the ingredients could be readily encapsulated with the probiotics, and protected them from stresses in the simulated GI fluids. The metabolisable sugar effectively increased the survival of the probiotics in gastric acid, mainly through energizing the membrane-bound F₁F₀-ATPases. The lecithin vesicles proved to alleviate the bile salt stress, and hence notably reduced the viability loss at the elevated bile salt concentrations. Overall, three out of the total four probiotics in the reinforced sub-100 μm microencapsules could significantly survive through an 8-h sequential treatment of the simulated GI fluids, giving less than 1-log drop in viable count. The most vulnerable strain of bifidobacteria also yielded a viability increase of 3-logs from this protection. In conclusion, the sub-100 μm microcapsules can be a useful vehicle for the delivery of probiotics, as long as suitable protectants are incorporated in the wall matrix.     

Cryopreservation and microencapsulation of a probiotic in alginate-chitosan capsules improves survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions

The aim of the present study was to focus on the impact of two different methods and the effects of cryoprotectants on the survival of a probiotic bacterium, Streptococcus phocae PI80, during storage. For the protection of freeze dried cells, the optimal storage conditions were determined with a high survival rate. After the freeze drying process, all cryoprotectants exhibited a protective effect on cell viability at all storage temperatures. High relative cell viability was observed when cells were incubated at ?20°C, which was optimum for the protection of S. phocae PI80. Trehalose was the most promising cryoprotectant at all temperatures during the storage period of bacterial cells. The combination of trehalose + skim milk showed more than 85% survivability compared to other combinations at ?20°C for 60 days. In addition, encapsulation of probiotic cells into alginate-chitosan gel capsules showed better survival of S. phocae cells (5.468 ± 0.15 LogCFU/mL) with high bacteriocin activity at ?20°C for six months. The cell-loaded microcapsules remained stable when treated with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. After 6 h in vivo treatment, the capsules were found to be broken, releasing the probiotic cells directly into the intestinal system of rats. Therefore, microencapsulation was found to be the most efficient technique, which not only protected the cells for a longer time but also released the cells into the in vivo intestinal system.     

益生菌-水凝胶递送系统的研究进展及应用潜力

益生菌是能够改善人体胃肠道、皮肤、阴道和口腔四大微生态系统的微生物群,常借由递送系统到达靶点以用于预防和治疗目的.水凝胶是最常见的递送系统载体,最近的研究针对水凝胶材料的改良主要可分为基质结构、填充物和外部涂层3个方面,新型水凝胶能够更好地帮助益生菌适应加工、储存环境及人体内微环境.人体不同微环境下益生菌对递送载体具有...     

中药材资源质量评价方法的研究进展

中药材资源是中医药的物质基础,其质量事关临床用药的安全性与有效性,其科学评价是中药产业现代化、标准化以及国际化的前提条件。中药材的性状特征、药效成分以及分子标记为迄今三类质量评价方法的主要依据。近年来,微性状鉴定及仿生识别技术的应用显著提高了基于性状特征评价中药材质量的准确性与客观性;中药指纹图谱、代谢组学技术与化学计量学的应用极大地促进了基于药效成分评价中药材质量的科学性及相应有效成分群的发现;基因组学及蛋白质组学的进展推动了分子标记的挖掘及相应分子鉴定技术的建立。上述方法学进展为中药材质量标准体系的建设和中药材资源的开发利用提供思路与借鉴。     

受污染沉积物原位覆盖材料研究进展

原位覆盖技术是一种新兴的沉积物修复技术,它与传统的受控自然恢复技术和疏浚技术相比,具有较好的修复效果、更小的生态风险与更低廉的成本,引起了广泛的关注.在20世纪70年代后期,原位覆盖技术已经应用到受污染沉积物修复中.经过近30年的发展,原位覆盖技术已经在美国、德国、日本、澳大利亚、挪威与加拿大等国家的受污染现场应用中取得了成功,并且在工程实践和理论研究相互促进过程中,该技术得到进一步的完善.其中,原位覆盖材料表现得更为突出,使得原位覆盖技术的应用前景变得广阔.本文对近年来国际上原位覆盖工程实践中各种覆盖材料的应用状况和实际修复效果进行了总结,为其在我国的应用起到推动作用.     

近年来益生菌肠道功能作用机制及研究方法的进展

益生菌的功能机制越来越受学者们的关注,尤其是分子水平上的益生菌-宿主相互作用功能机制的研究越来越受关注.本文就益生菌-宿主相互作用机制以及研究方法进行综述.     

益生菌治疗艾滋病相关腹泻的研究现状和进展

艾滋病（AIDS）是一种具有极大危害性的传染性疾病。AIDS发病和死亡都呈现明显上升趋势,传播模式发生变化,疫情由高危人群向一般人群扩散。因此,AIDS/HIV已成为中国的一个严重的公共卫生问题,政府对此极为重视。目前AIDS的治疗药物主要包括NNRTIs、NRTIs、PIs、FIs、CRIs和INIs这6大类,因长期使用这些药物的副作用以及此病合并的并发症特性,探讨其发病机制及寻找新的治疗思路,一直是此病研究领域中的热点。随着肠道微生态学研究领域的发展,应用人体无害的益生菌治疗HIV感染相关腹泻逐渐受到全球关注,就此作一综述。     

Cell wall cementing materials of grass leaves

Treatment of grass leaves with either a purified pectin lyase of Aspergillus japonicus or a purified xylanase of Trichoderma viride could lead to the isolation of some single leaf cells. However, a mixture of pectin lyase and xylanase brought about more rapid isolation of single cells than did either of the two enzymes alone, indicating a synergistic effect. Analysis of the components released from oat cell walls by the enzymes indicated that both homogalacturonans with a high degree of esterification and a kind of glucuronoarabinoxylan with ferulic acid ester may play a role in cell wall cementing in grass leaves.