共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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小菜蛾区域性抗药性治理技术研究——公益性行业(农业)科研专项“十字花科小菜蛾综合防控技术研究与示范推广”研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
专项围绕我国蔬菜产业发展及食品安全需求,在2008年前期行业科研专项研究的基础上,综合应用多学科的理论和技术,以抗药性治理为核心,系统深入研究了我国小菜蛾种群灾变规律、灾变机制、预测预警、抗药性监测、抗药性机制、抗药性治理策略与关键技术体系,丰富了小菜蛾种群抗药性治理的基础理论,紧密结合实际,显著提升了我国对小菜蛾的防控技术水平,并对其它虫害的研究与防治具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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《昆虫知识》2018,(6)
小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)是为害十字花科蔬菜的一种重要的世界性害虫,由于其分布范围广、繁殖速度快、抗性水平高,已经成为最难防治的害虫之一。基于苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)开发的杀虫剂在小菜蛾生物防治中发挥重要的作用,但小菜蛾作为在田间最早对Bt产生抗性的害虫,其抗性发展及抗性机理也引起了全世界的广泛关注。本文概述了小菜蛾的发生危害及其抗药性的研究动态、苏云金芽胞杆菌的起源、发展及应用,分析了小菜蛾对Bt杀虫毒素产生抗药性及其抗性机理,并从抗性发展风险、转基因油菜种植和进一步深入开展抗性机理的研究三个方面进行了展望,以期为优化小菜蛾抗药性的治理策略、提高生物农药和Bt作物的控害效能提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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掌握滇西菜区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella种群发生规律和抗药性水平,对提出区域性防控策略具有重要意义。2009-2015年,采用诱集法和浸叶法监测了滇西菜区小菜蛾种群发生动态及其对常用杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明:滇西菜区小菜蛾全年发生,为害期有9个月,春夏季为害重,3-6月为发生高峰期,2009-2015年最高诱蛾量为290~905头/7 d,小菜蛾种群对化学杀虫剂均产生了不同水平的抗药性,其中对阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯的抗药性最高,达到高水平抗药性,对多杀菌素、茚虫威和溴虫腈维持在中等水平抗药性,2011年对氯虫苯甲酰胺产生了28倍的抗药性,后恢复敏感,3年后又出现抗药性的上升趋势。可见,3-6月是滇西菜区小菜蛾防控的重要时期,可选择Bt、多杀菌素、茚虫威和溴虫腈等药剂轮换使用,减少氯虫苯甲酰胺使用次数,建议停用阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯。 相似文献
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小菜蛾对杀虫剂的敏感性与其抗药性的相关性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在开展云南省通海县小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)种群对11种杀虫剂的敏感性的同时,对小菜蛾抗药性进行了测定,并分析二者之间的相关性,结果表明:小菜蛾对杀虫剂的敏感性与其抗药性总体上呈现负相关,即随着抗药性的增加,小菜蛾对杀虫剂的敏感性呈下降趋势,但相关性并不显著。如在无抗性至高抗性的杀虫剂之间,其敏感性并无明显的变化,处理间无差异,只有对其极高抗性的阿维菌素、虫酰肼和高效氯氰菊酯才表现出明显的下降趋势。因此,在实际生产过程中,一种药剂是否因抗药性增加而不能使用,还应该参照田间防治效果。 相似文献
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小菜蛾远距离迁飞的证据研究综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着气候变暖,十字花科作物种植区北移,小菜蛾成为我国北方地区的重要害虫.远距离迁飞不仅引起小菜蛾大面积突然爆发,而且增大了抗药性基因扩散范围,导致抗药性大面积发展.阐明小菜蛾远距离迁飞对于早期监测预警与综合防治策略制订有重要意义.迄今为止,我国尚未对小菜蛾迁飞开展系统研究.本文总结了国内外有关小菜蛾远距离迁飞的研究结果,提出了小菜蛾远距离迁飞的证据:1)在冬季寒冷地区(如日本北部、加拿大西部和中国东北),小菜蛾无法越冬,推测翌年春季大量发生虫源是远距离迁飞而至;2)在海上观察船、山顶、海岛上或空中捕获到小菜蛾成虫,或直接观察到数量巨大的蛾群,为小菜蛾远距离迁飞提供了直接证据;3)小菜蛾地面成虫突增与昆虫远距离迁飞的适宜气象条件(如夜间逆温层、锋线过境等)相一致,为小菜蛾的远距离迁飞提供了适宜条件;4)垂直昆虫雷达识别的目标昆虫特征与小菜蛾的实验室测量特征和地面诱捕数据相吻合;5)小菜蛾不同地理种群的生物学性状和基因差异程度与地理距离无关,推测不同地点的小菜蛾之间进行频繁的基因交流;6)吊飞试验表明,小菜蛾具有远距离迁飞所需的飞行能力,且寄主植物的适合度下降可能是诱发小菜蛾迁飞的原因之一.最后展望了未来的研究方向:构建小菜蛾远距离迁飞轨迹模型,明确小菜蛾在我国远距离迁飞的路径;研究小菜蛾远距离迁飞的生理生化和生态学基础;提出小菜蛾迁飞条件下的种群抗药性治理策略. 相似文献
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小菜蛾羧酸酯酶基因的克隆及其序列分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用CODEHOP设计简并引物,通过反转录多聚酶链式反应(RTPCR)克隆小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella抗性种群中抗性相关的羧酸酯酶基因,随机挑取测序5个阳性克隆进行测序,测序结果经过blastx比较,发现所获得的大约420bp的基因片断均为羧酸酯酶基因,与双翅目昆虫蚊子的氨基酸序列同源性达85%以上 。 相似文献
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南京地区小菜蛾的抗药性检测及初步分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
利用浸叶法对南京郊区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella的抗药性进行了监测,发现其对拟除虫菊酯类药剂的抗性较高,而对氟虫腈、辛硫磷、毒死蜱、多杀菌素和虫酰肼依然处于敏感阶段。利用抗性小菜蛾测试发现,氧化胡椒基丁醚(增效醚,简称PBO)对拟除虫菊酯具有显著的增效作用。室内敏感性恢复实验表明,在不接触药剂的条件下,小菜蛾对拟除虫菊酯的抗性迅速下降,繁殖10代以后,抗性维持在低抗水平。因此, 小菜蛾的抗药性治理,应充分利用不同药剂的轮换使用,避免单一使用某一品种,以延缓抗性的发展,同时可以利用PBO增强拟除虫菊酯的防治效果,保证这类药剂在小菜蛾防治中的作用。 相似文献
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Abstract: The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae), is an important pest of brassicaceous crops worldwide. It has developed resistance to almost every synthetic insecticide applied in the field and consequently is often difficult to control in crucifer-growing areas. DBM oviposition behaviour was investigated in greenhouse and growth chamber conditions with seven cruciferous and one non-cruciferous plant varieties. In free choice tests, females deposited more eggs on the stem near the soil-stem interface than on leaves. Our findings suggest that DBM is capable of developing behavioural resistance through oviposition site selection to avoid lethal doses of foliar-applied insecticides in the field. 相似文献
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Li Z Zalucki MP Bao H Chen H Hu Z Zhang D Lin Q Yin F Wang M Feng X 《Journal of economic entomology》2012,105(3):739-752
Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), became the major pest of Brassica vegetable production in Guangdong, a province in southeastern China, in the late 1980s and has continued to challenge growers, particularly during the spring and autumn. Control has relied on insecticides and, as has happened in other parts of the world, resistance to these has evolved and subsequent field control failures have occurred. We review and summarize the history of diamondback moth management in Guangdong. We show that the geographic distribution of the pest in China is well described by a simple climate niche model. Our model predicts the seasonal phenology and some of the variation in abundance among years in Guangdong. Discrepancies may reflect migration and insecticide use at a landscape level. The scale of the pest problem experienced varies with management practices. Local production breaks, and strict post harvest hygiene are associated with lower pest pressure on large-scale production units. As more and more insecticides become ineffective the need to implement an insecticide resistance management strategy, as well as basic integrated pest management practices, will become more pressing. The potential use and development of a better forecasting system for diamondback moth that will assist these developments is outlined. 相似文献
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杀虫剂抗性是害虫防治中的一个主要挑战。为有效治理抗性, 我们必须了解杀虫剂诱导的害虫生理生化变化。目前害虫抗药性的一些机理已经清楚, 但更多的相关机制还有待探究。本研究通过蛋白质组学方法检测了小菜蛾Plutella xylostella溴氰菊酯敏感和抗性品系间蛋白质组的表达差异。结果显示: SDS-PAGE胶上有大约300个蛋白差异点, 其中23个蛋白点具2.5倍以上的表达差异, 通过MALDI-TOF-MS, 我们成功鉴定出8个蛋白, 其中包括化感蛋白CSP2、 铜锌超氧化物歧化酶和peroxiredoxin样蛋白。通过实时定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR, qPCR)分析了其中5个蛋白的mRNA 表达水平, 结果表明mRNA 表达水平不能真实反映蛋白的表达水平。免疫印迹验证了双向电泳中SOD1的表达差异。本研究有力地证明溴氰菊酯诱导小菜蛾成虫蛋白质组表达变化, 这为进一步筛选抗性靶标提供很大的帮助。 相似文献
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采用叶片浸溃法,在2001年10月和2002年10月分别测定了福州上街蔬菜基地的小菜蛾,对10种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明,上街菜区小菜蛾对灭多威、杀虫双、辛硫磷、毒死蜱、杀灭菊酯和功夫菊酯等农药极不敏感,已不能有效控制小菜蛾的危害。而小菜蛾对氟啶脲、阿维菌素、氟虫腈和虫螨腈比较敏感。通过两次毒力测定比较(2002年10月的LC50;2001年10月的LC50),结果表明,大多数杀虫剂敏感性变化较小。但小菜蛾对阿维菌素敏感性明显下降,毒力倍数达6.65倍,对氟虫腈毒力倍数相差1.48倍。此外,2002年10月小菜蛾对功夫菊酯的LC50为2001年10月的2.02倍。用浸叶法和浸溃法测定多杀菌素、氟虫腈与虫螨腈推荐浓度对小菜蛾幼虫的毒杀作用。结果表明3种药剂浸叶法处理效果均较理想。 相似文献
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艾氏剂环氧化酶及细胞色素P-450对小菜蛾抗药性发展的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对室内长期饲养的小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)敏感品系和田间采集的抗性种群体内的艾氏剂平氧化酶及细胞色素P-450进行了比较研究。结果证明,艾氏剂环氧化酶在感性和抗性小菜蛾间存在着量及质的差异。抗性种群的艾氏剂环氧化酶的Vmax和Km值分别为感性品系的5.4%和6.5倍。抗性种群的细胞色素P-450的含量是感性品系的1.1—1.3倍。艾氏剂环氧化酶在量上及质上的差异及细胞色素P-450含量的提高是导致小菜蛾抗药性发生与发展的重要机制之一。而且质的差异较之量的差异可能起着更为重要的作用. 相似文献
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Intensive use of pesticides is common and increasing despite a growing and historically well documented awareness of the costs and hazards. The benefits from pesticides of increased yields from sufficient pest control may be outweighed by developed resistance in pests and killing of beneficial natural enemies. Other negative effects are human health problems and lower prices because of consumers' desire to buy organic products. Few studies have examined these trade-offs in the field. Here, we demonstrate that Nicaraguan cabbage (Brassica spp.) farmers may suffer economically by using insecticides as they get more damage by the main pest diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), at the same time as they spend economic resources on insecticides. Replicated similarly sized cabbage fields cultivated in a standardized manner were either treated with insecticides according common practice or not treated with insecticides over two seasons. Fields treated with insecticides suffered, compared with nontreated fields, equal or, at least in some periods of the seasons, higher diamondback moth pest attacks. These fields also had increased leaf damage on the harvested cabbage heads. Weight and size of the heads were not affected. The farmers received the same price on the local market irrespective of insecticide use. Rates of parasitized diamondback moth were consistently lower in the treated fields. Negative effects of using insecticides against diamondback moth were found for the density of parasitoids and generalist predatory wasps, and tended to affect spiders negatively. The observed increased leaf damages in insecticide-treated fields may be a combined consequence of insecticide resistance in the pest, and of lower predation and parasitization rates from naturally occurring predators that are suppressed by the insecticide applications. The results indicate biological control as a viable and economic alternative pest management strategy, something that may be particularly relevant for the production of cash crops in tropical countries where insecticide use is heavy and possibly increasing. 相似文献