13-甲基十四烷酸对大鼠脑皮层星形胶质细胞氧反常的影响

目的研究13-甲基十四烷酸(13-methyltetradecanoic Acid,13-MTD)对大鼠脑皮质星形胶质细胞氧反常的保护作用。方法传代培养新生SD乳鼠大脑皮质星形胶质原代细胞,以氧糖剥夺/再复氧糖(OGD/R)方法复制氧反常模型,OGD 10 h/R 24 h,于再复氧糖即刻分别给予13-MTD 20,40,80μg/m L(M20,M40,M80)干预,倒置显微镜动态观察星形胶质细胞形态,细胞免疫化学鉴定角质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP),MTT法检测线粒体活性,免疫组化法检测星形胶质细胞的水通道蛋白4(aquaporin 4,AQP4)蛋白表达。结果OGD 10 h/R 24 h损伤后,体外培养的SD乳鼠脑皮质星形胶质细胞出现明显损伤,线粒体活性显著下降(P0.01),星形胶质细胞膜AQP4蛋白表达量明显增加(P0.01);与模型组比较,13-MTD 20,40,80μg/m L可减少损伤,使线粒体活性上升、AQP4蛋白表达减少,以80μg/m L效果最好(P0.01)。结论 13-MTD可通过降低AQP4的表达,提高线粒体活性,减轻细胞水肿,进而保护氧反常诱导的星形胶质细胞损伤。     

2022年再生医学领域发展态势

再生医学领域经过多年的发展,在多种疾病治疗中展现出巨大应用潜力。近年来,大数据、学科融合等研究理念的不断渗透,以及一系列通用技术在再生医学领域的广泛应用,推动再生医学研究广度和深度持续拓展,领域范畴也不断拓宽,为该领域带来了全新的发展机遇。本文从科技规划、监管政策、科技及产业进展等角度,对再生医学热点领域2022年的发展趋势进行了分析,并对相关领域未来的发展进行了展望。     

2015年中国医学遗传学研究领域若干重要进展

2015年中国医学遗传学稳步发展,众多具有原创性的研究论文在国际顶级杂志上发表。中国科学家在医学遗传学的诸多领域,如罕见疾病的致病基因、复杂疾病的易感基因、癌症的体细胞突变、遗传学新方法新技术、疾病相关微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、疾病相关长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)、疾病相关竞争性内源RNA(Competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)、疾病相关可变剪接和分子进化等研究领域均取得了突破性的进展。中国科学家在医学遗传学研究中逐步从常见变异延伸到罕见变异,从遗传学现象的描述到功能机制的确证,从单组学分析扩展至多组学数据整合,从基础研究走向临床应用。同时,中国科学家的研究成果引起了国际同行的高度关注。本文概括性综述了2015年中国科学家在医学遗传学领域取得的若干重要研究进展,旨在追踪当前中国医学遗传学领域发展的前沿,与国内读者分享我国科学家在该领域取得的重要成果以及研究思路。     

单克隆抗体和功能细胞株的进展和应用

本书为专论单克隆抗体杂交瘤专著:这还是生物分析研究领域中开辟的新的领域。该书重点介绍了重组单克隆抗体和分子遗传分析技术,阐述了在分子水平上研究基因和基因产物的结构与功能的相互关系,并进一步介绍了单克隆抗体在医学领域中应用的潜力。本书可供遗传学、免疫学、生物工程学、医学、分子生物学等科研和教学人员参考。     

胚胎干细胞的研究进展

胚胎干细胞是来源于早期胚胎内细胞团的、具有多向分化潜能的细胞,已经广泛用于生命科学的许多领域,它在医学方面的应用成为医学领域的研究热点.本文对胚胎干细胞在诱导分化、基础研究和临床应用上的研究进展进行了综述,对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

《灵长类动物与人类疾病模型专刊》导读

灵长类动物是人类的近亲,利用其创建人类疾病模型,比其它模式动物能更好地模拟人类疾病进程和病理机制,已成为研究人类疾病的最佳模式动物。同时,灵长类动物在转化医学中具有不可替代的作用。作为第3辑《灵长类动物与人类疾病模型专刊》,我们特别组织了平顶猴、猕猴、食蟹猴和树鼩等作为研究对象的稿件17篇。其中综述4篇,研究论文、报告和简报等13篇,尽可能地展现相关研究领域进展,以期推动该学科领域的持续发展,继续彰显本刊特色。     

氢气在医学领域的应用进展

氢气在能源领域的优势已日渐凸显,其在医学领域同样是一种清洁、高效、经济的治疗手段。氢医学领域主要包括氢气对疾病的基础研究和临床研究,如氢气的使用方法、剂量、对健康的促进作用、对疾病的治疗效果以及作用机理等。氢分子可以清除羟基自由基和过氧亚硝酸盐,对氧化应激和炎症相关疾病具有显著的治疗效果,同时其作为一种内源性气体,无毒无害,对人体不会造成不良反应。通过直接摄入和控制释放等方式,可以实现对脑和神经系统疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症等疾病的靶向治疗。介绍了释放氢气的不同方式及其在医学领域的研究进展,并对氢医学的科学和实践问题进行了展望,以期为氢气在生物医学领域的应用研究提供参考。     

决策树在诊断疾病中的应用

<正>随着计算机技术的发展,医学信息系统已经无处不在,大量原始数据也相应产生,医学跨入数据密集型领域[1]。原始数据的价值在于其中可隐藏着一些未知的知识,可给人们的决策提供更多的帮助。计算机技术、医学影像技术参与现代医学疾病诊断的广泛应用,使其在医学诊断中占据了一个不可或缺的地位。近年来,数据挖掘是计算机信息技术领域兴起的一个研究领域,且在医学、生产经营、农业、国防、科研、流通和金融等各领域都有不同程度的成功应用[2]。对近     

创新模式 加快医学研究成果转化应用——访教育部“长江学者”特聘教授李校堃

正《生物产业技术》:转化医学是近年来国际医学健康领域出现的新概念,您如何看待转化医学的发展?李校堃:转化医学是近年来国际医学健康领域出现的新概念,作为一种医学发展新模式,为基础研究和临床应用搭建了高效的沟通平台,目的就是要缩短基础与临床之间的距离,让科技成果     

《医学分子生物学杂志》稿约

《医学分子生物学杂志》是由教育部主管、华中科技大学主办的学术类期刊。主要报道医学分子生物学领域的最新研究成果、研究进展及研究方向,并适时兼顾国际间医学分子生物学领域的最新动态。其栏目设置有专家论坛、研究论文、     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.