西南地区三种天麻变型巴利森苷类成分含量比较

本文对西南地区三种天麻变型的巴利森苷类成分含量进行了分析。结果表明西南地区不同天麻变型巴利森苷类含量间差异较大,其中四川广元红天麻巴利森苷A、C含量最高,分别为8. 770 mg/g和3. 827 mg/g;四川北川乌天麻巴利森苷B、E含量最高,分别为11. 461 mg/g和21. 010 mg/g,均与其他天麻材料间含量差异极显著;四川地区3种天麻变型巴利森苷B、E含量显著高于云南、贵州地区天麻变型,巴利森苷A、C含量在3地区间差异不显著。综合来看,西南地区天麻变型巴利森苷类含量整体差异较大,其中巴利森苷类含量以四川地区最高,其含量与天麻变型种类无关,总体上以四川北川的乌天麻巴利森苷类成分最高。     

云南盈江县不同产地草果氨基酸和矿质营养元素分析

用氨基酸自动分析仪、等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP法)等方法测定云南盈江县三个草果Amomum tsaoko主产乡的草果氨基酸、矿质营养元素等成分。结果显示,不同产地草果中氨基酸和矿质营养元素含量有明显差异。盈江县各地的草果氨基酸含量均比文山产草果低,其中苏典乡劈石村的2号样品(海拔1540 m,土壤pH 6.58)氨基酸含量与文山样品最为接近;微量营养元素总含量则相反,盈江县产草果均高于文山样品。     

云南不同产地珠子参的品质评价研究

目的：研究不同产地野生珠子参的竹节参皂苷IVa和总皂苷的含量差异，结合农艺性状对三个不同产地珠子参的种质资源进行评价，为珠子参的栽培及优质种质的筛选提供理论基础。方法：以云南三个不同产地野生珠子参为研究对象，采用紫外分光光度法和试剂显色法测定珠子参中总皂苷的含量；采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定珠子参中竹节参皂苷IVa的含量；采用民族植物学田野调查法研究云南三个不同产地珠子参的农艺性状。结果：云南三个不同产地的野生珠子参，以云南省丽江市玉龙县的野生珠子参中总皂苷和竹节参皂苷IVa的含量最高，其珠子参总皂苷的含量为15.21%±1.25%，珠子参中竹节参皂苷IVa的含量为4.78%±0.35%，农艺性状也相对较优。结论：不同产地的珠子参质量差异较大，云南省丽江市玉龙县的野生珠子参品质较好，具有较高的开发利用价值。     

天麻生长地土壤微生物群落的初步分析

目的考察天麻生长地局部微生物群落的生态特征,探索可能会影响天麻品质的土壤微生态因素。方法选择天麻采收期采集不同产地的野生和栽培天麻生长地土壤样本,主要采用平板稀释法检测土壤中真菌、细菌、放线菌总数及优势菌的构成状况,初步分析天麻生长地土壤微生物群落的组成状况。结果所采集天麻生长地土壤样本中,来自不同产地的野生天麻细菌总数和细菌／真菌比值明显低于栽培天麻（P〈0．05）,其他指标基本一致;野生天麻生长地局部土壤中优势菌的种类比栽培天麻复杂,且许多种类为非共有。结论不同产地野生和栽培天麻生长地土壤微生物的组成存在差异,可能是影响天麻品质的重要生态因子。     

不同产地冬虫夏草的质量参数测定

冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis是传统的名贵中药,其不同产地的质量评价存在争议。本文对从青海、四川、西藏和云南采集的冬虫夏草进行形态和分子鉴别,测定腺苷、肌苷、麦角甾醇、虫草酸和多糖的含量,检测甲醇提取物抗DPPH自由基和抗小鼠乳腺癌细胞MT-1的活性。结果表明,采集的样品均为冬虫夏草;在四种样品中,虫草酸和多糖的含量高于腺苷、肌苷和麦角甾醇的含量;采自云南和青海冬虫夏草的五种活性成分含量均高于西藏和四川冬虫夏草的含量;云南和西藏的冬虫夏草清除DPPH自由基活性高于青海和四川的冬虫夏草;不同产地的冬虫夏草抑制MT-1活性没有显著性差异。结果为综合科学评价冬虫夏草质量提供参考。     

商品鹿鞭中氨基酸含量比较

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定不同品种与产地的9份鹿鞭药材中氨基酸成分的种类及含量。这9份样品中均含17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸6种。17种氨基酸中以甘氨酸含量最高,必需氨基酸中亮氨酸含量最高;比较不同样品的含量,以辽宁西丰的梅花鹿鞭的总氨基酸含量最高,黑龙江梅花鹿鞭的必需氨基酸含量最高。结论为不同产地鹿鞭中氨基酸含量有一定差异,该方法可用于鹿鞭药材的质量评价。     

不同产地蜂胶中氨基酸含量的比较

选择国内外7种不同产地蜂胶,采用氨基酸自动分析仪分别测定其氨基酸含量。结果表明,所测蜂胶均含有17种以上氨基酸,其构成模式比较接近,但氨基酸含量差异较大,北京蜂胶总氨基酸含量最低,为26.96mg·100g-1,杭州蜂胶总氨基酸含量最高,为165.74mg·100g-1,谷氨酸为各产地蜂胶中含量最高的氨基酸,其中杭州蜂胶谷氨酸含量居首,为30.74mg·100g-1,大部分蜂胶中约30%的氨基酸为必需氨基酸。不同产地蜂胶氨基酸含量差异,可能是影响其生物活性的一个重要因素。     

南方红豆杉人工引种及野生植株活性成分含量与分布

南方红豆杉是我国特有的濒危植物,因其具有抗癌药用价值而被过度采集,导致现存种群减少.采用超声辅助提取和HPLC检测人工引种及野生南方红豆杉植株中紫杉醇、7-木糖紫杉醇、三尖杉宁碱等活性成分含量,分析其在不同部位、年限和坡向的分布规律.结果表明:南方红豆杉人工引种后,植株中的紫杉醇、7-木糖紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱含量变化明显,野生植株中紫杉醇含量显著高于人工栽培植株,约为栽培植株的1.8倍,其他2种物质含量以人工栽培略高.不同部位、冠层样品中3种活性物质含量差异显著,以茎皮、高冠层枝叶含量较高.不同年限南方红豆杉植株中紫杉醇、7-木糖紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱含量以4年生植株较高,分别为0.08、0.91和0.32 mg·g-1.不同坡向植株中3种活性成分含量以阳坡植株较高,紫杉醇和7-木糖紫杉醇含量差异显著,三尖杉宁碱含量差异不显著.南方红豆杉中3种活性成分的积累与光照条件密切相关,栽培过程中适当增加光照有利于3种活性成分的积累.     

不同分布区天麻的AFLP分析

从贵州、云南、四川、陕西和辽宁收集了27份天麻样品,从64对AFLP选择性引物组合中筛选出16对组合,对不同分布区天麻的遗传多样性进行分析。16对引物共产生548条大小在100～1500 bp的谱带,其中多态性带428条,多态性比率(PP)达78%,说明不同分布区的天麻中存在一定的遗传多样性,且AFLP可以有效地进行天麻遗传多样性的分析。遗传差异分析结果表明,27个样品的遗传距离在0.5930～0.0187,平均为0.2199,表明不同分布区天麻个体间存在一定的遗传差异。5个省份的样品中来自贵州的样品遗传差异相对较大,表明贵州蕴藏着相对丰富的基因资源,可以作为天麻遗传改良的重要种质资源。不同变型的AFLP分析结果显示,3种变型从分子上无明显差异,说明天麻种内的变型仅仅是表型上的变异,尚未在遗传上固定下来,对天麻几个变型的划分是否成立还有待进一步研究。     

不同产地和品种桑叶游离氨基酸主成分分析及综合评价CSCD

研究重庆市3个品种共17种不同产地桑叶水提液中游离氨基酸组成及含量,为本地区桑叶的开发利用提供理论基础。以桑、华桑、鸡桑3个品种不同采样地区的样品为原材料,模拟桑叶茶冲泡方式获得水提液,用HPLC荧光法测定其游离氨基酸含量并计算18种游离氨基酸的味道强度值(taste activity value,TAV),通过相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法综合评价不同品种和产地桑叶营养成分和风味特征。研究结果显示,不同品种、不同产地桑叶氨基酸种类无明显差别,但氨基酸含量存在差异,可测得最高总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸含量分别为1927.33 mg/100g、322.6 mg/100g、46.17 mg/100g和1558.56 mg/100g;桑叶氨基酸风味特征表现为甜味氨基酸>鲜味氨基酸>苦味氨基酸;聚类分析将17个样品分为2类,重庆市巴南区安澜镇鸡桑(S15)、华桑(S7)两个品种的氨基酸品质高。综上所述,桑叶中氨基酸含量丰富,具有较高的营养价值,可开发氨基酸类功能性食品。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.