Na_2SO_3对不同状态CF_1－ATPase活力的促进作用

Ｎａ２ＳＯ３对ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的促进作用与酶所处状态有关。ＣＦ０降低ＣＦ１对Ｎａ２ＳＯ３的亲和力和Ｎａ２ＳＯ３促进的最大反应速率。在Ｎａ２ＳＯ３作用下,膜上ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活化能高于游离的。膜上和游离ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的γ亚基上二硫键的还原可以提高Ｎａ２ＳＯ３对酶活力的促进作用。Ｎａ２ＳＯ３对甲醇活化的ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的促进作用只有在甲醇活化的亚适浓度下才能充分表现出来。Ｎａ２ＳＯ３对Ｍｇ２＋抑制的解除作用因ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ处于不同活化状态而不同。     

Na2SO3和NaHCO3对叶绿体CF1—ATPase活力作用的机制

Ｎａ２ＳＯ３对热－ＤＴＴ活化的游离ＣＦ１及类囊体膜上ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力均有显著的促进作用,ＮａＨＣＯ３亦有明显的促进作用,Ｎａ２ＳＯ３和ＮａＨＣＯ３的促进作用与它们解除Ｍｇ＾２＋的抑制作用有关,从ＮａＨＣＯ３和Ｎａ２ＳＯ３及它们与Ｍｇ＾２＋之间的竞争性关系。表明三者是结合在酶的同一部位上。Ｎａ２ＳＯ３可明显降低热－ＤＴＴ活化的游离ＣＦ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ催化反应的活化能,这可能与促进产物ＡＤＰ的翻     

重装于平板脂双层膜的叶绿体CF_0－CF_1复合体的通透特性

叶绿体Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ（ＣＦ０－ＣＦ１复合体）是光合磷酸化系统能量转换的关键装置。本工作报告,从菠菜提取、纯化了这种复合体,并成功地将其重装于平板磷脂双层膜。在电压钳位下,观察到,随着ＣＦ０－ＣＦ１复合体的参入,出现跨膜通道样活动电导变化,这种变化可被Ｄｉｃｙｃｌｏｈｅｘｌ－ｃａｒｂｏｄｉｉｍｉｄｅ（ＤＣＣＤ）所抑制;参入了ＣＦ０－ＣＦ１复合体的脂双层的稳态膜电导随膜两侧Ｈ＋浓度梯度的提高而增大。     

玉米素对叶绿体耦联因子Mg~（2＋）－ATPase活力的调节

用２μｇ／ｍｌ玉米素溶液预处理叶绿体或在光活化前于活化液中加入２μｇ／ｍｌ玉米素溶液,观察到玉米素能促进叶绿体膜上耦联因子ＤＴＴ光活化Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ及Ｍｇ２＋ＧＴＰａｓｅ的活力．且对ＧＴＰａｓｅ的促进比例常较ＡＴＰａｓｅ的大些。王米素对ＯＧ活化可溶性ＣＦ１Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力同样表现出促进作用。用玉米素预处理ＣＦ１－β亚基（含微量ＣＦ１－α亚基）也观察到它能促进ＣＦ１－β亚基催化的Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。这些结果表明,玉米素在ＣＦ１上的作用部位至少有一个在β亚基或α．β亚基交界处调节其催化功能的。     

ABA、IAA和CaM对发育菜豆子叶质膜H~＋－ATPase活力的效应

以亲水性两相分配法从发育菜豆子叶制备的质膜制剂经冻融循环操作,部分膜微囊可转变成密闭的翻转型。取冻融４次的质膜微囊用于Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ试验表明,ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力为ＡＢＡ和ＣａＭ显著地激活,但受ＩＡＡ显著抑制;质子泵活力被ＡＢＡ显著促进,但为ＣａＭ显著抑制,ＩＡＡ对质子泵活力无显著效应。可以认为：ＡＢＡ促进发育菜豆子叶吸收光合同化物可能是通过促进质膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力,从而促进质子／蔗糖同向运输而获得;ＩＡＡ则可能对菜豆子叶的质膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ无显著效应。在激素信号传导途径中,ＣａＭ对质膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力可能无直接影响。     

NaN_3对叶绿体Mg~（2＋）－ATPase的抑制作用再探

ＮａＮ３能抑制新鲜菠菜叶片叶绿体经ＤＴＴ和光激活的Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。这种抑制属非竞争性抑制。ＮａＮ３还能降低新鲜菠菜叶片叶绿体的反映光合磷酸化高能态的毫秒延迟发光和减少反映类爱体膜质子吸收变化的叶绿体的９－氨基吖啶的荧光猝灭。菠菜叶片经低温贮存几天后其叶绿体的超微结构发生变化,ＮａＮ３对叶绿体的上述影响就消失或基本消失。本实验指出ＮａＮ３是新鲜叶片叶绿体Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的一个强有力的抑制剂。其影响受叶绿体制剂的内源无机磷酸盐含量调节。     

不同磷脂和糖脂对莱氏衣原体膜上Mg~（2＋）－ATPase活性的影响

莱氏衣原体膜上Ｍｇ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ用ＤＯＣ溶解后,经Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ－６Ｂ和ＤＥＡＥ－ＣｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅＤＥ－５２离子交换柱,得到了部分纯化的Ｍｇ~（２＋）ＡＴＰａｓｅ,并将此ＡＴＰａｓｅ与不同极性头部的磷脂和膜糖脂重组,研究了不同的极性头部的磷脂和膜糖脂对ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的影响。此酶的活性不依赖酸性磷脂,ＰＧ、ＤＰＧ、大豆磷脂等明显抑制酶活性,中性磷脂ＤＭＰＣ、ＰＥ、ＰＣ则能增加酶活性,其中尤以非双层脂ＰＥ的作用最为明显。从莱氏衣原体膜上提取的糖脂（ＭＧＤＧ,ＤＧＤＧ）单独和ＡＴＰａｓｅ重组时,酶活性增加并不明显,当ＭＧＤＧ和ＤＧＤＧ以等比例混合时,能大大地增加酶活性。这表明Ｍｇ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性很大程度上与磷脂的表面电荷及磷脂的组成相关。     

氧化脂质及对大鼠心肌肌质网Ca~（2＋）－ATPase磷酸化微区运动状态的影响

用ＴＢＡ法测定了三尖杉酯碱的膜脂氧化效应;用纳秒荧光偏振技术研究了氧化膜脂对ＤＰＨ标记大鼠心肌肌质网膜脂、ＡＮＭ标记心肌肌质网Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａ功能及磷酸化微区运动状态的影响。随膜脂中氧化磷脂的增加,肌质网膜脂双层的微粘度增加,磷脂分子摆动角减小：ＤＰＨ的荧光强度减弱,荧光寿命缩短。Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的ＡＴＰ水解活性降低。ＡＮＭ标记Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ磷酸化微区的ｒ（ｔ）曲线半衰期减至６８±４ｎｓｅｃ。结果提示,膜脂中氧化磷脂的含量影响膜脂双层的流动性及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的ＡＴＰ水解活性和磷酸化微区的微细结构。     

趋化因子受体CX3CR1对人肝癌细胞7721和HepG2的作用及其机制的研究

目的:探究趋化因子受体CX3CR1(C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1,CX3CR1)对人肝癌细胞7721和Hep G2增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法:采用Q-PCR和Western blot法分别检测人正常肝细胞LO2和两种肝癌细胞(7721和Hep G2)中CX3CR1的基因表达情况(mRNA和蛋白质);以过表达CX3CR1的质粒转染7721细胞,用抑制CX3CR1的干扰RNA转染Hep G2细胞,通过Q-PCR和Western blot法检测CX3CR1的变化;应用MTT和流式细胞实验检测各组细胞的增殖能力;用集落形成实验检测各组细胞的自我更新和增殖能力;借助划痕愈合和Transwell检测各组细胞的迁移和侵袭能力;利用Western blot法检测PI3K/AKT、MAPK/ERK信号通路的激活情况。结果:CX3CR1在7721细胞中mRNA和蛋白质呈低表达趋势,而在Hep G2细胞中则呈高表达趋势;转染过表达CX3CR1质粒后7721细胞中CX3CR1的mRNA和蛋白水平有明显的升高,细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力增强,p-AKT和p-ERK水平升高;转染干扰RNA后Hep G2细胞中的CX3CR1表达水平明显下降,增殖、迁移、侵袭能力减弱,p-AKT和p-ERK水平降低。结论:趋化因子受体CX3CR1可以促进人肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,该作用可能与PI3K/AKT、MAPK/ERK信号通路激活有关。     

柚皮苷对高糖作用下MC3T3-E1细胞活力和Akt通路相关因子表达的影响

目的探讨柚皮苷（NG）对高糖环境下MC3T3-E1细胞活力的影响及可能的分子机制。 方法体外培养小鼠MC3T3-E1细胞，实验分5组：对照组（正常无血清培养基）、高糖组（含25 mmol/L葡萄糖）、0.1 μmol/L +高糖组（0.1 μmol/L NG + 25 mmol/L葡萄糖）、1 μmol/L +高糖组（1 μmol/L NG+25 mmol/L葡萄糖）、10 μmol/L +高糖组（10 μmol/L NG+25 mmol/L葡萄糖）。药物干预后，采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力；实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）法检测细胞成骨特异性转录因子（Runx2）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、蛋白激酶（Akt1）mRNA的表达；蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测细胞碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、Akt1、IGF-1蛋白的表达。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析，组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验。 结果CCK8检测结果显示，与对照组比较，高糖组细胞OD值（12 h：0.90±0.01比0.80±0.01，24 h：1.00±0.05比0.84±0.01，48 h：1.09±0.03比0.90±0.01）均降低，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）；与高糖组比较，0.1 μmol/L+高糖组细胞OD值（24 h：0.84±0.01比0.93±0.05，48 h：0.90±0.01比0.99±0.01）、1 μmol/L +高糖组和10 μmol/L+高糖组OD值（12 h：0.80±0.01比0.92±0.01、1.01±0.32，24 h：0.84±0.01比1.01±0.04、1.16±0.03，48 h：0.90±0.01比1.12±0.02、1.20±0.02）均升高，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。与对照组比较，高糖组细胞Runx2、IGF-1、Akt1的mRNA的表达水平（24 h：1.00比0.34±0.02、1.00比0.34±0.01、1.00比0.15±0.02）、（48 h：1.00比0.72±0.03、1.00比1.09±0.07、1.00比0.38±0.04）降低，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。与高糖组比较，1 μmol/L +高糖组和10 μmol/L+高糖组细胞Runx2、IGF-1、Akt1的mRNA表达水平（24 h：0.34±0.02比0.62±0.09、0.64±0.05，0.34±0.01比0.77±0.03、1.02±0.07，0.15±0.02比0.24±0.08、0.4±0.09）、（48 h：0.72±0.03比1.27±0.02、1.37±0.02，1.09±0.07比2.44±0.19、2.73±0.04，0.38±0.04比0.86±0.06、1.43±0.03）均升高，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。与对照组比较，高糖组细胞ALP、Akt1、IGF-1蛋白表达水平（48 h：1.00比0.72±0.02、1.00比0.89±0.03、1.00比0.09±0.01）均降低，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；与高糖组比较，0.1 μmol/L+高糖组、1 μmol/L+高糖组和10 μmol/L+高糖组ALP、Akt1、IGF-1蛋白表达水平（48 h：0.72±0.02比1.92±0.02、2.30±0.30、3.09±0.10，0.89±0.03比1.50 ± 0.03、1.43±0.04、1.40±0.13，0.09±0.01比1.75±0.01、2.30±0.31、2.07±0.07）均升高，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论NG逆转高糖诱导的MC3T3-E1细胞活力减退；同时改善高糖的抑制作用，促进MC3T3-E1细胞IGF-1、AKt-1、Runx2 mRNA和IGF-1、AKt-1、ALP蛋白的表达。     

Interaction of Sulfite with the Noncatalytic and Catalytic Sites of Chloroplast Coupling Factor CF1

The interaction between sulfite, an efficient Mg²⁺-dependent F₁-ATPase activator, and chloroplast CF₁-ATPase was studied. The sulfite anion was shown to inhibit ADP and ATP binding to the noncatalytic sites of CF₁. The stimulating activity of sulfite persists when all noncatalytic sites are nucleotide-occupied. Phosphate, a competing candidate for binding to CF₁ catalytic sites, suppresses this activity. These results support the suggestion that the stimulation of Mg²⁺-dependent ATPase activity of CF₁ is caused by sulfite binding to its catalytic sites.     

Influence of Diesel Soot Particles and Sulfite on Functions of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Aqueous suspensions of diesel soot particles in combination with sulfite influence certain functions of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in vitro. Chemiluminescence, generated after activation by opsonized zymosan as well as oxygen uptake were decreased, whereas phagocytosis was increased. An enhancement of degranulation could not be observed. The single substances show little or no effects on the above properties. The results indicate that combinations of air pollutants such as diesel soot and sulfite may modulate vital functions of activated leukocytes in vivo.     

Influence of Diesel Soot Particles and Sulfite on Functions of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Aqueous suspensions of diesel soot particles in combination with sulfite influence certain functions of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in vitro. Chemiluminescence, generated after activation by opsonized zymosan as well as oxygen uptake were decreased, whereas phagocytosis was increased. An enhancement of degranulation could not be observed. The single substances show little or no effects on the above properties. The results indicate that combinations of air pollutants such as diesel soot and sulfite may modulate vital functions of activated leukocytes in vivo.     

Sulfite inhibits the F1F0-ATP synthase and activates the F1F0-ATPase of Paracoccus denitrificans

The F₁F₀ complex of Paracoccus denitrificans (PdF₁F₀) is the fastest ATP synthase but the slowest ATPase. Sulfite exerts maximal activation of the PdF₁F₀-ATPase (Pacheco-Moisés, F., García, J. J., Rodríguez-Zavala, J. S., and Moreno-Sánchez, R. (2000). Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 993–1000) but its effect on the PdF₁F₀-ATP synthase activity remains unknown. Therefore, we studied the effect of sulfite on ATP synthesis and ³²Pi ATP exchange reactions of inside-out membrane vesicles of P. denitrificans. Sulfite inhibited both reactions under conditions of maximal pH and normal sensitivity to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Sulfite increased by 10- and 5-fold the K _0.5 for Mg²⁺-ADP and Pi during ATP synthesis, respectively, and by 4-fold the IC₅₀ of Mg²⁺-ADP for inhibition of the PdF₁F₀-ATPase activity. Thus, sulfite exerts opposite effects on the forward and reverse functioning of the PdF₁F₀ complex. These effects are not due to membrane or PdF₁F₀ uncoupling. Kinetic and structural modifications that could account for these results are discussed.     

Purification and characterization of ATPase from Nitrobacter winogradskyi

An ATPase was purified from Nitrobacter winogradskyi, and some of its molecular and enzymatic properties were determined. The enzyme was composed of two subunits of 64 and 59 kDa, respectively. The enzyme had its pH optimum at 9.5 and showed a specific activity of 7 units per mg protein. This activity was about 14% and 18% of that of F1-ATPases obtained from Escherichia coli and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, respectively. The enzyme was 29% and 6% inhibited by 100 microM dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and 100 microM NaN3, respectively. It was not inhibited by 20 mM NaNO3.     

生物膜能量偶联ATP酶的研究牛心线粒体F_1冷盐解离后各部分的亚基分析

纯化的牛心线粒体Ｆ１ＡＴＰ酶（Ｆ_１）在有１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ的介质中,０℃保温１ｈ,酶活性降到接近于零,经脱盐并在室温（２０—２５℃）保温,可恢复约６０％的酶活性。电泳结果表明,冷盐处理１ｈ的样品解来成了四个亚部分,这四个部分的亚基组成分别是Ⅰ,α,γ,δ,ε,Ⅱ,β,δ,ε,Ⅲ,β,ε,Ⅳ,β。经冷盐处理１ｈ和５ｈ的Ｆ_１进行ＨＰＬＣ分析的结果有显著的差别。     

Use of the hummel and dreyer method for the study of nucleotide binding on chloroplast ATPase CF1

The study of the binding of the nucleotides ADP and ATP on the exchangeable sites of chloroplast ATPase CF1 has been carried out by the Hummel and Dreyer method applied to HPLC. It has been shown that this method was well fitted to the problem: rapidity of exchange, absence of noticeable modification after binding, presence of a constant concentration of ligand during the chromatography, which stabilizes these low affinity complexes. The dissociation constants of binding of ADP, ATP and of their magnesium salt complexes have been determined. In order to measure the simultaneous binding of ADP and ATP when present in mixture, we have modified the method by using an anion-exchange column in place of the gel filtration column: the two nucleotides were easily separated, while the binding on the protein was unchanged. The extension of this method to the reversed-phase chromatography could also be considered for the binding of hydrophobic ligands.     

The δ subunit of the chloroplast ATPase is plastid-encoded in the diatom Odontella sinensis

A 5.2 kb PstI restriction fragment containing the atpA gene cluster of the plastic genome of the centric diatom Odontella sinensis was cloned. Sequencing revealed a reading frame of 561 bp separating the genes atpF and atpA, which is preceded by a putative ribosome binding site. The third nucleotide of the codon for the last amino acid of atpF is the first nucleotide of the initiation codon of the 561 bp reading frame. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of this gene (ntpD) is colinear with δ subunits of different F₀F₁-ATPases and shows an overall sequence homology of up to 35% when compared with the sequences of cyanobacteria and Cyanophora paradoxa. The results are discussed in context with the evolution of chloroplasts of the chlorophyll-a + b and -a + c lineages, respectively.     

Inhibition of the ATPase activity of the catalytic portion of ATP synthases by cationic amphiphiles

Melittin, a cationic, amphiphilic polypeptide, has been reported to inhibit the ATPase activity of the catalytic portions of the mitochondrial (MF1) and chloroplast (CF1) ATP synthases. Gledhill and Walker [J.R. Gledhill, J.E. Walker. Inhibition sites in F1-ATPase from bovine heart mitochondria, Biochem. J. 386 (2005) 591-598.] suggested that melittin bound to the same site on MF1 as IF1, the endogenous inhibitor polypeptide. We have studied the inhibition of the ATPase activity of CF1 and of F1 from Escherichia coli (ECF1) by melittin and the cationic detergent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The Ca²⁺- and Mg²⁺-ATPase activities of CF1 deficient in its inhibitory ε subunit (CF1-ε) are sensitive to inhibition by melittin and by CTAB. The inhibition of Ca²⁺-ATPase activity by CTAB is irreversible. The Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of F1 from E. coli (ECF1) is inhibited by melittin and the detergent, but Mg²⁺-ATPase activity is much less sensitive to both reagents. The addition of CTAB or melittin to a solution of CF1-ε or ECF1 caused a large increase in the fluorescence of the hydrophobic probe, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, indicating that the detergent and melittin cause at least partial dissociation of the enzymes. ATP partially protects CF1-ε from inhibition by CTAB. We also show that ATP can cause the aggregation of melittin. This result complicates the interpretation of experiments in which ATP is shown to protect enzyme activity from inhibition by melittin. It is concluded that melittin and CTAB cause at least partial dissociation of the α/β heterohexamer.