河南省网柄细胞状黏菌的研究

从在河南省采集的75份基物中共分离得到14株网柄细胞状黏菌,其中网柄菌属Dictyostelium的圆头网柄菌D.sphaerocephalum、棒形网柄菌D.clavatum和紫网柄菌D.purpureum和轮柄菌属Polysphondylium的亮白轮柄菌P.candidum、紫轮柄菌P.violaceum和纤细轮柄菌P.tenuissium,均为河南省新记录种。文中对该6种网柄菌进行了形态学描述,并附有生长发育部分阶段形态和显微照片。     

网柄细胞状黏菌的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

文中综述了从网柄细胞状黏菌中分离得到的DIF-1及其衍生物、氯代苯并呋喃、三联苯化合物等芳香族化合物,脂肪酸和磷酸化合物、酶以及糖类等,并介绍了各成分的药理或生理作用等。表明网柄细胞状黏菌可以成为某些活性成分及药物的新来源。     

网柄细胞状黏菌纯化培养基的改进

网柄细胞状黏菌传统的分离培养是在添加细菌的培养基上进行的。选取了9种网柄细胞状黏菌作为研究对象,在不饲喂任何细菌的条件下于3种培养基上进行培养,通过对生长状态的比较,发现燕麦片琼脂培养基对于纯化网柄细胞状黏菌具有较好的效果。     

网柄细胞状黏菌生态学的研究进展

网柄细胞状黏菌(简称网柄菌)是黏菌的第二大类群,对其生态特征的研究有助于深入了解这类生物适宜的生存条件和人类活动的影响。本文回顾了1869年至今的网柄菌生态学研究历史,从地理因素、植被因素、生物因素三个角度,探讨了影响网柄菌物种丰度和多度的生态因素,从而为土壤及凋落物中黏菌的物种多样性保护提供参考。     

两种网柄细胞状黏菌挥发性成分

采用固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对紫轮柄菌Polysphondylium violaceum和簇生岐柄菌Cavenderia fasciculata子实体的挥发性成分进行分析,从这两种网柄细胞状黏菌中共鉴定出32种挥发性成分,包括烃、醛、吲哚、萜、酮、酯和酚类化合物.其中,紫轮柄菌P.violaceum的挥发性成...     

网柄细胞状黏菌生物学特性及其应用研究进展

网柄细胞状黏菌是一类介于植物和动物之间的原生生物。尽管形态微小,但因为同时具有动物细胞和植物细胞的特点,且生命周期短暂易重复,故而对其进行生物学特性及应用的研究具有重要价值。本文从网柄细胞状黏菌的生活史循环、生物学特性、生态多样性、在医学和药物领域的探索及其与其他微生物关系等5个方面探讨网柄细胞状黏菌的生物学特性及应用的研究进展及意义,展望网柄细胞状黏菌未来在医学和生态等方面的研究前景及其潜在的应用价值,旨在为我国网柄细胞状黏菌同其他领域的交叉研究相结合提供视野,探索其在促进人类的科学进步、改善生活环境及攻克疾病方面的作用及意义。     

硬基网柄菌Dictyostelium firmibasis生活史的研究

本文研究了网柄细胞状黏菌中国新记录种硬基网柄菌Dictyostelium firmibasis从孢子-黏变形体-细胞集群-假原质团-成熟孢堆果的无性生活循环过程。结果表明：该种细胞状黏菌孢子萌发至少需要8h,孢子萌发释放出具有不规则形状的黏变形体,黏变形体无色并进行不规则的高速运动;黏变形体细胞集群为典型的辐射状;孢堆果对光极为敏感,在成熟发育期微弱的光刺激便会导致子实体生长畸形或停止生长并死亡;从集群开始形成到孢堆果成熟持续约12-14h,完成一个完整的生活史循环约需36-38h。     

网柄菌属的2个中国新记录种和2个中国大陆新记录种

从采自中国西南部分省区(云南、贵州)的土壤样品中分离出网柄菌属的2个中国新记录种,即粗茎网柄菌(Dictyostelium crassicaule)和交织网柄菌(Dictyostelium implicatum);2个中国大陆新记录种,即大头网柄菌(Dictyostelium macrocephalum)和大网柄菌(Dictyostelium magnum)。文中对该4个种进行了详细的形态学描述,并附其部分生活史的图片。     

网柄菌在畜禽粪便生物防治中的应用浅谈

当前畜禽粪便污染十分严重,由此造成的生物危害十分严重,而现如今畜禽粪便的处理方式都存在一定的缺陷,初步研究表明网柄菌可以捕食畜禽粪便中的有害细菌并极大限度的保留了原有的营养成分,所以可以推测网柄菌在原位生物防治中的应用前景可观。     

Occurrence and distribution of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in Norway

The distribution of eleven dictyostelid cellular slime molds found in Norway was studied. They were divided into four groups according to their dominance. In decreasing order the groups were: (1) two varieties of Dictyostelium mucoroides , (2) D. aureostipes and Polysphondylium violaceum , (3) D. fasciculatum, D. minutum, P. pallidum and Dictyostelium sp. 1, and (4) Dictyostelium sp. 2 and 3 and Acytostelium lep–tosomum. Differences in distribution related to altitudes and latitudes, climates and dominant tree species were observed for some species.     

Distribution and ecology of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park encompasses an area of 2080 km2 in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina between 35 degrees 28' and 35 degrees 47' N. Elevations are 270-2000 m above sea level, and the topography and vegetation are as diverse as any region of eastern North America. In 1998-2004 soil/litter samples for isolation of dictyostelid cellular slime molds were collected throughout the park. Collecting sites included examples of all major forest types along with the more common types of nonforest vegetation. More than 2300 clones of dictyostelids were recovered from 412 samples. These clones included representatives of 20 described species together with at least 10 species new to science. This total is higher than those reported for other temperate regions of the world. In general both numbers of species and numbers of clones/g of sample material decreased with increasing elevation and several species displayed a distinct preference for either the low or high end of the elevation gradient. The relatively high number of new species recovered from samples collected at high elevations is an important new finding for dictyostelid ecology and distribution.     

Description of dictyostelid cellular slime mold species in Norway

Ten different species of dictyostelid cellular slime molds were found in Norway, namely Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld, D. sp. 1, D. sp. 2, D. aureo–stipes Cavender, Raper & Quinlan, D. fasckulatum Traub, Hohl & Cavender, D. sp. 3, D. minutum Raper, Polysphondylium violaceum Brefeld, P. pallidum Olive and Acylo–stelium leptosomum Raper & Quinlan. D. mucoroides included two varieties, D. sp. 1 and D. sp. 2 are probably related to D. septentrionalis Cavender and D. sphaerocephalum (Oud.) Sacc. & March respectively and D. sp. 3 is probably a new species.
Two different spore types, characterized by the presence or absence of ribosomes on the outer mitochondrial membranes, were revealed by transmission electron microscopic studies. This property was related to other properties such as the presence or absence of polar spore granules (PG) and the aggregative responses of the amoebae towards cAMP.     

Mating types in cellular slime molds

We have discovered mating types in three species of cellular slime mold. One of these species is $\text{Dictyostelium}\text{discoideum}$, hitherto the subject of extensive biochemical investigations, and now amenable to genetic studies.