紫稻(Oryza sativa L.)线粒体ATP合成酶 atp6 基因转录本 RNA 编辑

紫稻（Oryza sativa L.）细胞质雄性不育系紫稻A是本实验室构建的新型细胞质雄性不育系。本研究使用PCR、RT-PCR、DNA测序等技术,得到了紫稻细胞质雄性不育水稻不育系（樱香A）及其保持系（樱香B）线粒体atp6基因转录本cDNA序列。通过与基因组序列比对发现：樱香Aatp6cDNA序列中,没有发生RNA编辑;而樱香Batp6 cDNA序列中有16个编辑位点,在樱香B cDNA序列16个编辑位点位于15个密码子中,所编码的氨基酸均发生改变：在1003位点由C替换为T,导致原来编码谷氨酰胺密码子（CAA）成为终止密码子（TAA）,保证atp6 mRNA编码一个正常的ATP6多肽;而由于没有发生RNA编辑,樱香A mRNA就不能翻译成正常的多肽。研究表明,RNA编辑在合成正常的ATP6多肽的过程中具有至关重要的作用,同时也说明RNA编辑可能与细胞质雄性不育相关。     

RNA editing of wheat mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9: direct protein and cDNA sequencing.

RNA editing of subunit 9 of the wheat mitochondrial ATP synthase has been studied by cDNA and protein sequence analysis. Most of the cDNA clones sequenced (95%) showed that editing by C-to-U transitions occurred at eight positions in the coding region. Consequently, 5 amino acids were changed in the protein when compared with the sequence predicted from the gene. Two edited codons gave no changes (silent editing). One of the C-to-U transitions generated a stop codon by modifying the arginine codon CGA to UGA. Thus, the protein produced is 6 amino acids shorter than that deduced from the genomic sequence. Minor forms of cDNA with partial or overedited sequences were also found. Protein sequence and amino acid composition analyses confirmed the results obtained by cDNA sequencing and showed that the major form of edited atp9 mRNA is translated.     

甘蓝型油菜pol CMS育性恢复基因对orf224/atp6的转录调控

用 10个线粒体基因探针对波里马细胞质雄性不育 (polimaCMS)三系 1141A(pol) ,1141B(nap)和 1141R(pol)的花蕾线粒体RNA进行了Northern检测。结果表明 ,只有 3个探针atp6、orf2 2 4和orf2 2 2检测到转录本的差异。atp6在可育的 1141B中只转录产生一个丰度很高的 1 1kb转录本 ,在雄性不育的 1141A和pol胞质恢复系 1141R中 ,这个转录本的丰度明显减少并出现了分子量较大的 2个转录本 2 2kb、1 9kb转录本。与 1141A相比 ,恢复系1141R的 2 2kb和 1 9kb转录本丰度明显减少 ,并伴随着两个新的转录本 1 4kb和 1 3kb。表明orf2 2 4 atp6的表达与polCMS有关 ,并且其转录受到恢复基因Rfp的调控。同时通过对杂种F1 ( 1141A× 1141R)与另一个恢复系RS35 (pol)的比较证实 ,Rfp对orf2 2 4 atp6的调控与Rfp纯合与否无关。orf2 2 4 atp6在 1141A的苗期叶片中还转录产生育性恢复特异的 1 4kb转录本 ,这可能与细胞核基因型和相对低温条件有关。     

玉米不育系及其保持系线粒体atp6基因转录本编辑位点研究

以玉米同核异质细胞质雄性不育系T黄早四、C黄早四、S黄早四以及保持系N黄早四为材料, 比较研究了供试材料小孢子发育到单核期的线粒体atp6基因转录本保守区域的编辑位点。结果表明, DNA序列在T、C、S 3种胞质中完全一致, 与N胞质相比除在27、28核苷酸处不同外, 其余均一致, 而各胞质cDNA序列却不尽相同。DNA和cDNA序列比较显示: atp6基因转录本保守区域内, N、S胞质中均存在19个编辑位点, T胞质存在22个, C胞质存在20个, 它们相同的编辑位点有18个。大多数编辑位点都发生在密码子的第一、二位点上, 可改变氨基酸的种类。18个相同的编辑位点大都为完全编辑, 其中第1位点在各胞质中为部分编辑, 第19位点除在N胞质中为完全编辑外其余胞质都为部分编辑。而各胞质特有编辑位点均以部分编辑的形式出现。由此可见, 在玉米中atp6基因RNA编辑不仅具有序列特异性, 同时还受到胞质背景的影响。通过分析还可看出, 编辑的C残基前一个碱基多为嘧啶类碱基, 编码氨基酸Ser和Pro的密码子较其他类的密码子更易受到编辑, 且植物RNA的编辑有着改变蛋白质疏水性、增加物种间保守性的倾向。     

红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻线粒体atp6基因转录本的编辑位点研究

以红莲（HL）型水稻细胞质雄性不育系A、保持系B及杂种一代F₁为材料,首次比较研究了红莲型水稻线粒体atp6基因转录本的编辑位点及各位点的编辑频率.结果表明atp6基因的转录本有18个编辑位点,其中有15个发生在密码子的第一和第二位点上,这些位点的编辑最终会导致氨基酸种类的变化.18个编辑位点在A、B和F₁中没有差异,但各位点的编辑频率在引入了核恢复基因的条件下发生了较大的变化,完全编辑的比例增加.这些结果首次证明HL型细胞质雄性不育与线粒体atp6转录本的编辑有一定相关性,编辑不充分的转录产物最终会干扰线粒体功能的正常发挥.     

Organizational differences between cytoplasmic male sterile and male fertile Brassica mitochondrial genomes are confined to a single transposed locus.

Comparison of the physical maps of male fertile (cam) and male sterile (pol) mitochondrial genomes of Brassica napus indicates that structural differences between the two mtDNAs are confined to a region immediately upstream of the atp6 gene. Relative to cam mtDNA, pol mtDNA possesses a 4.5 kb segment at this locus that includes a chimeric gene that is cotranscribed with atp6 and lacks an approximately 1kb region located upstream of the cam atp6 gene. The 4.5 kb pol segment is present and similarly organized in the mitochondrial genome of the common nap B.napus cytoplasm; however, the nap and pol DNA regions flanking this segment are different and the nap sequences are not expressed. The 4.5 kb CMS-associated pol segment has thus apparently undergone transposition during the evolution of the nap and pol cytoplasms and has been lost in the cam genome subsequent to the pol-cam divergence. This 4.5 kb segment comprises the single DNA region that is expressed differently in fertile, pol CMS and fertility restored pol cytoplasm plants. The finding that this locus is part of the single mtDNA region organized differently in the fertile and male sterile mitochondrial genomes provides strong support for the view that it specifies the pol CMS trait.