OBSERVATIONS ON THE MICROFLORA OF FERMENTING CACAO BEANS IN TRINIDAD

SUMMARY: A numerical analysis is given of the average microflora of fermenting cocoa beans in Trinidad sweat boxes. Both the viable count of all micro-organisms and the relative numbers of the main groups involved were estimated.
The influence of the prevailing temperature and pH of the environment on the sequence of microbial development is considered, and the main chemical changes taking place are noted.
The influence of atmospheric conditions is discussed and the desirability of a thorough microbiological analysis of the fermentation process in relation to cocoa quality is stressed.     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE DEVELOPING SPERMATID IN THE DOMESTIC CHICKEN

The kinetic apparatus, the acrosome and associated structures, and the manchette of the spermatid of the domestic chicken have been studied with the electron microscope. The basic structural features of the two centrioles do not change during spermiogenesis, but there is a change in orientation and length. The proximal centriole is situated in a groove at the edge of the nucleus and oriented normal to the long axis of the nucleus and at right angles to the elongate distal centriole. The tail filaments appear to originate from the distal centriole. The plasma membrane is invaginated along the tail filaments. A dense structure which appears at the deep reflection of the plasma membrane is identified as the ring. The fine structure of the ring has no resemblance to that of a centriole and there is no evidence that it is derived from or related to the centrioles. The tail of the spermatid contains nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of tubular filaments. The two members of each pair of peripheral filaments differ in density and in shape: one is dense and circular, and the other is light and semilunar in cross-section. The dense filaments have processes. A manchette consisting of fine tubules appears in the cytoplasm of the older spermatid along the nucleus, neck region, and proximal segment of the tail. The acrosome is spherical in young spermatids and becomes crescentic and, finally, U-shaped as spermiogenesis proceeds. A dense granule is observed in the cytoplasm between acrosome and nucleus. This granule later becomes a dense rod which is interpreted as the perforatorium.     

γ射线与咖啡因复合处理对大麦的诱变效应

用五种不同剂量的γ射线和５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ咖啡因对大麦种子进行单独处理和γ射线与咖啡因间的复合处理,结果表明,辐照Ｍ１代的细胞学损伤及植株损指标均与辐照剂量呈直线相关,且相关系数达显著或极显著水平;Ｍ２代苗期的叶绿素突变率和性状弯异率均与辐照剂量呈指数函数关系,相关系数也均达显著或极显著水平。咖啡因本身对大麦不具诱变性,但以它作辐射后处理,不仅能加剧Ｍ１代细胞学损伤及植株损伤,而且能提高Ｍ２代叶绿素突     

菌群检测值的模式识别分析法判断肠道菌群失调的研究

本文对１０名患有腹泻或肠炎的患者和１０名健康者做了肠道五种优势菌群的检测，应用模式识别对两组菌群检测值进行分析。结果，图形上两组清楚地分为两处，有明显的分界线。表明，５种菌群数值在两组间具有明显差异。经评估，可知该方法平均诊断预报能力可达７５％以上。     

抗胃酸分泌药物对胃内菌群的影响

收集４０例内镜确诊为胃十二指肠溃疡病人,随机分成两组,分别予泰胃美、奥美拉唑口服;干服药前后分别行胃镜检查,并抽吸胃液行需氧菌、厌氧菌及真菌培养。结果示：胃液细菌量及硝酸盐还原菌量与胃液ｐＨ值呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８０２和０．７,ｐ＜０．０１）,抗胃酸分泌药物尤以奥美拉唑引起胃内菌量增加明显。临床治疗消化性溃疡时,应注意胃内微生态防治。     

扶正固本丸对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

本文报告应用扶正固本丸对小鼠肠道内与人类关系密切的主要菌群的影响。用大黄水煎液灌胃予小鼠,造成实验性脾虚模型,引起小鼠肠道内菌群紊乱,其中双歧杆菌,乳杆菌量均下降,与对照组相比有显著性差异。当服用扶正固本丸后,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌均上升至正常水平。本研究表明,扶正固本丸对小鼠肠道菌群失调具有一定的调整作用。     

四种猕猴桃属植物的染色体数目观察

本文报道了四种猕猴桃植物的染色体数目。结合其他作者的有关报道,讨论了猕猴桃属的染色体基数,性染色体,倍性,及其与地理分布之间的关系。     

灭活双歧杆菌调整小鼠抗生素相关性菌群失调

目的：观察灭活的双歧杆菌及其耗尽培养上清液（SCS）对小鼠肠道生理菌群的影响。方法：应用腹腔注射青霉素造成肠菌群失调动物模型,分别以灭活的双歧杆菌菌液,耗尽培养上清液以及活菌菌液对菌群失调小鼠进行灌胃治疗。结果：活菌组、死菌组及SCS组同自然恢复组的肠道生理菌群相比差异均有显著性,死菌组与SCS组相比,差异也有显著性。结论：灭活的双歧杆菌及其SCS对小鼠肠道菌群失调的恢复具有调整作用,尤其对双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌有更明显的扶持作用。