脂多糖增加小鼠巨噬细胞多磷酸肌醇脂代谢转换

多磷酸肌醇脂（这里指ＰＩＰ和ＰＩＰ２）的代谢在细胞信息传递和膜运转中起着重要的作用．脂多糖（ｌｉｐｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ,ＬＰＳ）于激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（Ｍφ）初期（０．５～１ｈ）和后期（１６ｈ）明显增加来自［γ－３２Ｐ］ＡＴＰ的３２Ｐ参入Ｍφ的ＰＩＰ和ＰＩＰ２,３２Ｐ参入ＰＩＰ２的显著性大于ＰＩＰ．ＬＰＳ的这种作用在其激活Ｍφ的初期不受酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂ｇｅｎｉｓｔｅｉｎ、蛋白激酶Ａ激动剂（ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ）及百日咳毒素的影响;但佛波酯（ＰＭＡ）长时间预处理的Ｍφ（其ＰＫＣ活性被耗竭）再受ＬＰＳ刺激,［３２Ｐ］ＰＩＰ２水平较ＬＰＳ刺激未受ＰＭＡ预处理的Ｍφ明显降低．结果表明,ＬＰＳ于激活Ｍφ的初期和后期更显著增加ＰＩ４Ｐ－５激酶的活性,导致ＰＩＰ２合成增加,ＰＩＰ２合成的增加可能与Ｍφ激活时不同时期所表达的功能相关．     

内源性阿片物质参与大鼠缺血预处理的心肌保护作用

实验以离体灌流的ＳＤ大鼠心脏为模型,用ｋ特异性拮抗剂的ＭＲ２２６６研究ｋ阿片受体的阻断与缺血预处理的关系,用放射免疫分析法研究ＩＰ及长时间缺血对心肌强啡肽Ａ１－１３浓度的影响,探索Ｋ阿片物质在ＩＰ过程中的作用和地位。     

GM_3对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞磷脂代谢转换率的影响

神经节苷脂ＧＭ_３对小鼠腹腔常驻巨噬细胞（Ｒ－Ｍ）和Ｇｅ－１３２体内激活的巨噬细胞（Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ）的磷脂代谢转换有显著的影响,当这两种Ｍ在体外用ＧＭ_３处理时,表现出［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ和［￣３Ｈ］肌醇参入ＰＩ降低,参入ＰＩＰ、ＰＩＰ_２增加;但在［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ和［￣３Ｈ］胆碱参入ＰＣ上,Ｒ－Ｍ与Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ不同,即ＧＭ_３促进同位素前体参入Ｒ－Ｍ的ＰＣ,抑制它们参入Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ的ＰＣ．以上结果表明ＧＭ３可能提高了ＰＩ或ＰＩＰ的磷酸激酶的活性,致使［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩＰ和［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩＰ_２增多,［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩ减少．激活的Ｍ（Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ）本身ＰＣ代谢转换率较Ｒ－Ｍ高,当Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ再受ＧＭ_３刺激,ＰＣ代谢转换率降低,这提示ＧＭ_３对激活的Ｍ的ＰＣ代谢转换有调节作用．     

金属硫蛋白对缺氧／复氧心肌细胞的保护作用

金属硫蛋白 (ＭＴ)是普遍存在各种生物体内、富含硫基的小分子蛋白 ,在缺血 /再灌注 (Ｉ/Ｒ)损伤中通过清除自由基减轻心肌细胞损伤 ,同时ＭＴ参与预缺血保护 (ＩＰＣ)。目前对ＭＴ在ＩＰＣ中的保护作用机制及功效仍无明确研究 ,本实验以培养的乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧 /复氧模拟缺血 /再灌注损伤 ,检测心肌细胞在ＩＰＣ处理后 2 4ｈＭＴ的含量、脂质过氧化程度及Ｎａ Ｋ ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ2 Ｍｇ2 ＡＴＰ酶的活力变化 ,锌诱导产生的ＭＴ作用 ,并比较ＭＴ与抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽 (ＧＳＨ)的保护作用 ,初步探讨ＭＴ的心肌保护作用机制及应用价值。1　…     

紫茉莉抗病毒蛋白（Mirabilis antiviral protein，MAP）的空间结构和与底物相互作用的模拟研究

首先应用同源构筑方法建立了低序列同源性的紫茉莉抗病毒蛋白（ＭｉｒａｂｉｌｉｓａｎｔｉｖｉｒａｌＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＭＡＰ）的空间结构,然后对此粗结构进行了分子动力学优化。最后通过对ＭＡＰ,ＴＣＳ与其底物类似物的相互作用,了解ＲＩＰ特异糖苷酶活性的机制。结果表明模拟结构是合理的。ＲＩＰ特异糖苷酶活性主要是由于酶的活性口袋与底物的特殊构象相互匹配。     

Cibacron Blue亲和层析及应用

以Ｆ３ＧＡ（Ｃｉｂａｃｒｏｎ ＢｌｕｅＦ３ＧＡ）为配基建立了一种可用于免疫毒素（ＩＴ）分离纯化的亲和层析方法,实验中用三种不同来源的核糖体灭活蛋白（ＲＩＰ）,即蓖麻毒素Ａ链（ＲＴＡ）,苦撤毒素（Ｍｏｍｏｒｄｉｎ,ＭＴ）和Ｓａｐｏｒｉｎ,以探讨ＲＩＰ与Ｆ３ＧＡ的相互作用。分析三种ＲＩＰ均能引起Ｆ３ＧＡ吸收光谱明显红移,提示ＲＩＰ均可与Ｆ３ＧＡ发生特异结合,将Ｆ３ＧＡ与Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ交联可获得Ｂｌｕ     

心肌缺血预处理后Ca2+*Mg2+-ATPase及SDH活性的变化

198 6年Ｍｕｒｒｙ等首次发现实验狗心肌在经历了短暂性缺血后产生对随后持续严重缺血再灌注的保护作用 ,并称此现象为“缺血预处理 (ｉｓｃｈｅｍｉｃｐｒｏｅｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ,ＩＰＣ)。ＩＰＣ现象的发现为心肌保护提供了一条新的途径。实验及临床研究均发现其可以限制心肌梗塞范围 ,增加心肌收缩力 ,降低再灌性心律失常 ,但心肌的这一内源性保护机制不清。有人认为ＩＰＣ的产生机制与纠正细胞内外的离子紊乱和心肌能量代谢有关。Ｃａ2 ·Ｍｇ2 ＡＴＰａｓｅ在维持细胞内外的正常离子浓度中起重要作用 ,琥珀酸脱氢酶 (ＳＤＨ)是…     

Epstein—Barr病毒反义LMP1基因对鼻咽癌细胞CNE2株生长的抑制

将０．６ｋｂＬＭＰ１前段基因反向插入逆转录病毒载体（ｐＺＩＰ）中,构建成ｐＺＩＰ－反义ＬＭＰ１载体,再转入ＰＡ３１７包装细胞中,用Ｇ４１８筛选性克隆,获得产生１．７×１０＾５（ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ）反杂交实验证实ｐＺＩＰ－反义ＬＭＰ１载体基车整合到ＣＮＥ２细胞的ＤＮＡ中,并且有载体基因ＲＮＡ的表达,观察反义ＬＭＰ１基罟对ＣＮ＃２细胞生长的影响,发现反义ＬＭＰ１基因可降低细胞生长速度,减弱ＣＮＥ２细胞在这果     

木质素过氧化物酶基因5'端上游调控序列的分析

黄孢原毛平革菌（Ｐｈａｎｅｒｏｃｈａｅｔｅｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）能产生降解木质素的胞外木质素过氧化物酶（ＬＩＰ） 和锰过氧化物酶（ ＭｎＰ）同工酶。为研究ＬＩＰ基因的转录调控机理, 对ＬＩＰ基因（ ＧＬＧ３ 和ＧＬＧ６） 的５′端上游序列进行亚克隆, 获得６ 个亚克隆ＤＮＡ 片段, 然后应用凝胶迁移率变动分析技术筛选能与菌体蛋白质专一性结合的ＤＮＡ片段。结果表明： ＬＩＰ基因ＧＬＧ６ 的５′端上游有一个约６７０ ｂｐ 的ＤＮＡ 片段能与总蛋白质组分专一性结合, 其核苷酸序列分析表明该片段可能含有蛋白质结合的序列特征。研究结果初步显示, 黄孢原毛平革菌可能存在有与ＬＩＰ基因上游某些顺式调控元件相互作用的蛋白质, 调控着ＬＩＰ基因的转录表达。     

紫细菌RS601DCPIPH2→MV电子传递的研究

紫色非硫细菌菌株Ｒｂ．ｓｐｈｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ６０１（ＲＳ６０１）的载色体具有典型的Ｒｂ．ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ光谱特性。在光照和以ＤＣＰＩＰＨ２为电子供体条件下,ＲＳ６０１载色体能够串联呼吸电子传递链而耗氧或还原ＭＶ而构成ＤＣＰＩＰＨ２→ＭＶ的非循环电子传递链。电子传递抑制剂ＯＰ抑制ＤＣＰＩＰＨ２→ＭＶ电子传递活性,其中Ｉ５０为１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ;抗霉素Ａ对该电子递影响较小,不存在Ｉ５０。ＬＤＨＸ,     

Population density of the predatory mite <Emphasis Type="Italic">Typhlodromus pyri</Emphasis> (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on various pear cultivars in organic and integrated orchards

During an experiment carried out in 2009–2010 we observed different population densities of Typhlodromus pyri in three monitored pear cultivars in Organic Pest Management (OPM) as well as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) orchards. In both years the population density of T. pyri was the highest in the cultivar Conference (organic orchard). The lowest population density was found in 2009 on the cultivar Dicolor (IPM orchard) and in 2010 on the cultivar Bohemica. Factors involved are discussed.     

Integrated pest management theory and practice

Integration in pest management may be conceived at three distinct levels: (a) integration of tactics, (b) integration of the effects of multiple pest stresses, and (c) systems integration. The ecological basis of each is found in population, community or ecosystems processes, respectively. Most current IPM programs are attempts to integrate control tactics into management strategies and therefore only require knowledge of species and population ecology. Further advancement of IPM will require higher levels of integration but the experimental basis of and information on community and ecosystems processes are insufficient to permit reaching these levels. Mostly entomological examples in the grain legumes are used to demonstrate achievements of IPM at level a (tactical integration), and the difficulties involved in advancing towards integration of multiple pest stresses and systems integration (levels b and c). General requisites towards the design and implementation of IPM programs are outlined.     

缅甸稻飞虱的发生和防控情况(英文)

稻飞虱是缅甸水稻种植区常见且分布广泛的一类害虫,可造成农作物不同程度的减产.稻飞虱的爆发与高产品种的大规模推广种植具有一致性,同时其种群变化也与天气条件有关.近年来,缅甸中部部分省份稻飞虱大量孳生,在一定程度上,这与氮肥施用水平有关.雨季稻飞虱种群增加,7月和8月为高峰期.在缅甸,主要通过培育抗虫、抗旱、抗逆等水稻品种来防控稻飞虱.同时用诱虫灯进行早期入侵的虫源的监测,必要时,采用化学杀虫剂防治.缅甸部分农场还采用了病虫害综合管理系统(IPM),以建立健康、安全、可调节的水稻生态系统及可持续的病虫害管理.     

有害生物综合治理的未来发展(英文)

本文是1998年6月作者在广州召开的国际有害生物学术讨论会上的大会发言稿。撰写本文的主旨就在于促进有关有害生物综合治理（IP）的思想探索与评议。当今在世界各国，甚至在一国之内，对IPM的看法和认识颇不一致。本文内容首先评论这些看法和认识。接着，对IPM实施得好而有成绩的地方，探索它们具有哪些共同性。最后，对理想的IPM所展示的能发挥最佳作用的内容进行了讨论，特别是农民参予的IPM研究和怎样把IPM技术交到农民手中。这是未来IPM在很多地区和在很多作物能成功的要素，特别对农业户更有意义。     

THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF IPM

Abstract  This paper is based on a presentation made to the International Conference of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Guangzhou, June, 1998. It is intended to stimulate thinking, discussion and debate over the principles and strategies of IPM. Different visions on IPM and its future development can be found around the world, and even within countries. In this essay the author began by reviewing those visions of IPM, and then to suggest what common elements they share when IPM has proven to be a success. Finally the author discusses some outstanding challenges in successful IPM, in particular farmer-participatory research in IPM and making IPM technology available to farmers. Farmer-particeipatory IPM will be an essential element of the success of IPM in many regions and crops in the coming decades, and particularly with smallholders.     

Relationships between management practices and ground‐active invertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards

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How agro-ecological research helps to address food security issues under new IPM and pesticide reduction policies for global crop production systems

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