阴道毛滴虫染色体组型观察

采用火焰干燥法制备阴道毛滴虫染色体标本,按 Levan等方法,进行核型分析。阴道毛滴虫的染色体数目为n＝10,2n ＝20,染色体的组型为3m、3sm、1st和3T。 Abstract：　The chromosomes ofTrichomonas vaginaliswere prepared by flame-drying method. Data of chromosome were measured and calculated. According to Levan's method, analysis of karyotype was described. The results showed that the chromosome number ofT. vaginalisconsisted of twenty pairs(2n=20) and chromosome type was 3m, 3sm, 1st and 3T.     

三个家猪品种和rob易位群染色体分带多态性的比较

对家猪不同品种及家系间的染色体组型、C-带、Ag-NORs多态性进行的研究表明：杜洛克猪、约克夏猪、长白猪体细胞染色体数2n=38,核型2n=10sm+12m+4st+12t, 而13/17易位纯合子猪（36, rob. 13/17）的体细胞染色体数2n=36,核型2n=10sm+12m+6st+8t; 13/17易位杂合子猪（37,rob. 13/17）的体细胞染色体数目为 2n＝37,核型为2n=10sm+12m+5st+10t。5种家猪的C-带在13～18号染色体上存在大、中、小三种类型, 且呈多态性分布。杜洛克猪、约克夏猪、长白猪、13/17易位纯合子猪、13/17易位杂合子猪的Ag-NORs均数分别为2.05、2.06、2.00、1.99、1.98,说明Ag－NORs在品种、个体及细胞间具有多态性。 Abstract:The present experiment is carried out to make comparative stdy on polymorphism of chromosome Karyotypes, C-band ?and Ag-NORs of different breeds and strains in domestic Pigs. The results showed that the chromosome number of somatic cell in Duroc, Yorkshire and Landrace Pig Was 38 and the karyotype was 2n=10sm+12m+4st+12t. But in heterozygous Rob 13/17(37, rob. 13/17) Pig, the chromosome number of somatic cell was 37 andthe karyotype was 2n=10sm+12m+5st+10t, while in homozygousRob 13/17(36, rob. 13/17) Pig, the somatic cell chromosome number was 36 and the karyotype was 2n=10sm+12m+6st+8t. It was also showed that there were three C-band types in size on chromosome No. 13-18 showing polymorphism in three breeds and two strains of domestic Pigs. The average of Ag-NORs in Duroc, yorkshire,Landrace, homozygous Rob. 13/17 and heterozygous Rob. 13/17 Pig was 2.05, 2.06, 2.00, 1.99 and 1.98, respectively. It is suggested that Ag-NORs have polymorphism among strains, which can be used as a genetic index to analyse relationships among domestic animals with high reliability.     

六种犁头属植物（天南星科）的核型研究

报道了6种8个居群犁头尖属（Typhonium Schott）植物的核型,其结果如下：（1）独角莲（T.gigan-teum）北京居群2n＝4x=52=44m 7sm 1st;（2）鞭檐犁头（T.flagelliforme）金平居群2n=3x=24=3m 9sm(4SAT) 12st,河内居群2n＝4x=32=7m 20st 4sm 1t;（3）单籽犁头（T.calcicolum)西畴居群2n=4x=52=21sm 23m(5SAT) 8st;（4）犁头尖（T.blumei）重庆居群2n=4x=52=40m(1SAT) 12sm(3SAT);(5)马蹄犁头（T.roxburgii）个旧居群2n＝2x=18=8sm 10m(2SAT)。其中鞭檐犁头尖2n=24、32,金慈菇2n＝28均为首次报道,同时分析讨论了本属植物染色体基数和倍性的多样性及其可能的原始基数。     

黄精属八种植物的染色体研究

本文研究了四川黄精属Polygonatum 8个种的染色体数目和结构,玉竹n=10, 2n=20=4st十6sm十10m; 多花黄精2n=20＝6sm十14m; 点花黄精n=16,2n＝ 32=2t十8st+2sm十20m;滇黄精n=13,2n=26=8st (2SAT)+14sm+4m;互卷黄 精2n=32=6st+8sm+18m (2SAT); 湖北黄精n=15, 2n=30=2t+6st十6sm+ 16m(2SAT);黄精2n＝24=2t十14st(2SAT)+6sm十2m;卷叶黄精n=28,2n=56= 18st+10sm十28m。 黄精属植物染色体数目和结构的变异类型多样,8种黄精的核型可以区分为3种类型：2 B、3B、2C。核型不对称性的加强与染色体数目的递增有相关性。本文就染色体方面的资料对前人关于该属分类群的亲缘关系的论述进行了讨论。     

贵州大树茶的核型变异与进化

本文对贵州大树茶7种1变种11类型的核型进行了分析。结果表明,这些种类均为二倍体2n＝30。五室茶Camellia quinquelocularis 2n＝30＝24m+6sm;四球茶C．tetracocca 2n＝30=22m+8sm;大理茶C．taliensis 2n=30＝22m+8sm;秃房茶C．gymnogyna 2n＝30＝22m+6sm+2st与2n=30＝20m+8sm+2st;假秃房茶C. gymnogynoides 2n＝30=22m+6sm+2st与2n＝30=20m+8sm+2st;榕江茶C. jungkiangensis 2n＝30+20m+8sm+2st;茶C．sinensis 2n=30＝20m+8sm+2st以及变种淡红花茶C．sinensis var．ruolla 2n＝30=20m+8sm+2st;均属2A核型。染色体结构变异在茶组植物演化中起了重要作用。所划分的两大类核型,即m和sm类与m,sm,和st类是与其子房室数,即5室和3室相一致的。根据核型的不对称性程度、外部形态及生化分析,探讨了各种类的亲缘关系与系统演化途径,论证了茶组植物的原产地是位于滇、桂、黔毗邻交汇处的云贵高原,探讨了茶组植物的分类学问题。     

国产十五种翠雀族植物的核型研究

本文报道了国产乌头属Aconitum L.12种和翠雀属Delphinium L．3种植物的染色体数目和核型。花葶乌头A．scaposum var．scaposum和聚叶花葶乌头A．scaposum var．vaginatum的核型公式为2n=2m+6sm+8st;两色乌头A．alboviolaceum为2n＝16＝2m+6sm(2sat)十8st;高乌头A．sinomontanum var．sinomontanum为2n＝16＝4m+4sm+8st,而狭盔高乌头A．sinomontanum var．angustius为2n＝32＝6m+6sm+20st(1sat);褐紫乌头A.brunneum为2n＝16＝2m(1sat)+14sm 松潘乌头A．sungpanense为2n＝16＝6m(2sat)+10sm(2sat);弯枝乌头A．arcuatum为2n=16=4m+12sm;乌头A．carmichaeli为2n=32＝10m+22sm;北乌头A．kusnezoffii为2n＝32＝10m十22sm;鸭绿乌头A.jaluense为2n＝32=10m+22st;伏毛铁棒锤A．flavum为2n＝16＝2m+14sm; 铁棒锤A．pendulum为2n=16=4m+12sm;缩梗乌头A．sessiliflorum为2n＝16＝2m+10sm+4st;展毛翠雀花D．kamaoense var．glabrescens 为2n=16＝2m+6sm+8st;蓝翠雀花D．caeruleum为2n=16=2m+6sm+8st;多枝翠雀花D．maximowiczii为2n=16=2m+6sm+8st。其中花葶乌头、狭盔高乌头、褐紫乌头、松潘乌头、鸭绿乌头、伏毛铁棒锤、缩梗乌头、展毛翠雀花、蓝翠雀花、多枝翠雀花的染色体数目和核型为首次报道。     

葱属根茎组8种植物的染色体数目和核型报道

本文对国产葱属根茎组的8种植物进行了染色体研究,发现染色体数目2n＝16或32,核型属2A 或2B型,对称性较高。其染色体数目和核型分别为：Allium leucocephalum 2n(2x)＝16＝12m+2sm +2st(2SAT); A,strictum 2n(4x)＝32＝16m+4sm+12st;A.ramosum 2n(2x)＝16=14m+2st (2SAT); A．bidentatum 2n(4x)=32＝24m+4sm+4T;A．tenuissimum 2n(2x)=16=10m+4sm+ 2st(2SAT),A．anisopodium 2n(2x)＝16＝12m+2sm+2st(2SAT);A．anisopodium var．zimmermanni anum 2n(4x)＝32＝24m+4sm+4st(4SAT); A．condensatum 2n(2x)＝16＝14m+2st(2SAT)。多数种的染色体资料为国内首次报道。     

Karyomorphology of three species in Dipentodon （Dipentodontaceae）, Perrottetia （Celastraceae）, and Tapiscia （Tapisciaceae） of the order Huerteales and their phylogenetic implications

Abstract The karyomorphology of three species in Dipentodon （Dipentodontaceae）, Perrottetia （Celastraceae）, and Tapiscia （Tapisciaceae）, namely Dipentodon sinicus, Perrottetia racemosa, and Tapiscia sinensis, was investigated in the present study. Recent molecular research has discovered close relationships among these three genera, which has led to the establishment of the order Huerteales with Perrottetia being placed in Dipentodontaceae. Herein we report the chromosome numbers of D. sinicus and P. racemosa for the first time, and present their karyotype formulas as 2n = 34 = 22 sm ＋ 12 st （D. sinicus）, 2n = 20 = 11 m ＋ 9 sm （P. racemosa）, and 2n = 30 = 22 m（2SAT） ＋ 8sm （T. sinensis）. Asymmetry of their karyotypes is categorized to be Type 3B in D. sinicus, Type 2A in P. racemosa, and Type 2A in T. sinensis. Each of the species shows special cytological features. Compared with Perrottetia, Dipentodon has a different basic chromosome number, a higher karyotype asymmetry, and different karyomorphology of its interphase nuclei, mitotic prophase, and metaphase. Thus, on the basis of these results, we have reservations regarding the suggestion of placing Dipentodon and Perrottetia together in the family Dipentodontaceae.     

黄精族4属6种的核型报道

本文报道四川、陕西、河北的百合科黄精族4属6种的染色体数目和核型。Disporum megalanthum 2n=16=2m(1SAT)+6sm(1SAT)十8st(3SAT)and 2n＝16=2m(1SAT)+8sm(3SAT)+6st,3B型;Disporopsis pernyi 2n＝40=23m(2SAT)+15sm(2SAT)十2st+2t(2SAT), 2B型;Disporopsis aspera 2n=40=30m十8sm(2SAT)+2t(2SAT),2B型;Maianthemum bifolium 2n=36＝20m＝10sm十4st十2t(2SAT),2B型;Palygonatum odoratum 2n=20=10m+10sm(3SAT),2B和2n＝20＝12m(4SAT)+8sm(2SAT), 2B型;Polygonatum humile 20=20+10m(2SAT)十6sm(2SAT)+4t,2B型。从染色体角度,并联系形态特征,对Disporum属中分别见于东亚和北美的两个类群的关系作了讨论。也讨论了Disporopsis种间在核型不对称趋势与形态特化之间可能的关系。 本文还指出Polygonatum odoratum和Polygonatum humile种内核型的多变性。     

泰和乌骨鸡的核型与带型研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养--空气干燥法,对泰和乌骨鸡染色体核型和带型进行了研究。结果表明：泰和乌骨鸡体细胞染色体数目2n=78,染色体基本臂数AF=90,1、9号染色体及Z、W性染色体为中央着丝粒（m）染色体,2、4、7号染色体为亚中央着丝粒（sm）染色体,3、6、8、10号染色体为端着丝粒（t）染色体。G带研究表明：前10对大型染色体可分为29个区,190条带。C带处理发现,所有母鸡分裂相中W性染色体都出现C带并整条深染。Ag-NORs研究发现：Ag-NORs常定位于1、2号常染色体短臂和Z性染色体短臂端部;Ag-NORs数目分布范围为1～6;平均每个细胞的Ag-NORs数在雌、雄鸡中分别为2.94和2.96。 Abstract:This study made the chromosome slides of Taihe Silkies by the peripheral blood lymphocyte culture-drying method,and analyzed Taihe Silkies karyotype and band pattern.The results are as follow:The diploid chromosome number of Taihe Silkies was 2n=78,the basic number of chromosome arms was AF=90 and the sex chromosome type was ZZ(♂)/ZW(♀).According to the measured relative length,arm ratio and centromeric index,the first 10 pairs of macro-chromosomes are described as follows:No.1 ,9 and Z,W chromosomes were metacentrics,No.2,4,7 were submetacentrics,and No.3,6,8,10 were telocentrics.Studies on Taihe Silkies′ G-band showed that the first 10 pairs of macro-chromosomes can be divided into 29 zones and 190 bands.Being treated by C-banding technique,a totally dark-stained and easily indentified W-chromosome always showed up in the female metaphase configurations.Ag-NORs were located in the short arms′ telomere of No.1,2 euchromosomes and Z sexchromosome,the Ag-NORs number varied from 1-6. -NORs     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.