云南蕨类植物小志

根据ＰＹＵ（云南大学蕨类植物标本室）保存的标本,报道云南蕨类植物若干新资料,内容为：３新种,２新变种,中国分布新记录２种,云南分布新记录１属３种,１个种的新组合名称,另１个种的属、科位置的订正及其新组合名称。     

广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生吸虫Ⅱ．异肉科和独睾科吸虫──（吸虫纲：复殖目）

本文对广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生吸虫异肉科Ａｌｌｏｃｒｅａｄｉｉｄａｅ（Ｌｏｏｓｅ,１９０２）（Ｓｔｏｓｓｉｃｈ,１９０３）和独睾科ＭｏｎｏｒｃｈｉｉｄａｅＯｄｈｎｅｒ,（１９１１）进行研究,并建立拟履口吸虫属Ｐａｒａｃｒｅｐｉｄｏｓｔｏｍｕｍｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．是异肉科,履口亚科Ｃｒｅｐｉｄｏｓｔｏｍｉｎａｅ（Ｄｏｌｌｆｕｓ,１９５１）的新属;长宫吸虫属Ｌｅｎｏｌｏｐａｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ是独睾科、孤睾亚科Ｌａｓｉｏｔｏｃｉｎａｅ的新属。文中对二新属二新种：金钱鱼拟履口吸虫Ｐａｒａｃｒｅｐｉｄｏｓｔｏｍｕｍｓｃａｔｏｐｈａｇｕｓｉ和惠州长空吸虫Ｌｅｎｏｌｏｐａｈｕｉｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ分别进行了详细的描述,并对异肉科、履口亚科和属的分类特征进行修正、补充和讨论。     

新世纪中国菌物新名称发表概况(2000-2020)

2000-2020年间,我国菌物学研究取得了丰硕的成果,在新物种发现、重要类群新分类系统、资源保护与开发利用等多方面取得了重要进展.本文通过对世界菌物名称信息库Index Fungorum、Fungal Names和MycoBank进行数据整理,从中国学者的研究产出和中国的菌物新物种发现的角度展开分析,揭示我国菌物分类...     

基因组学时代的真菌分类学:机遇与挑战

真菌物种的形态特征有限,加之形态滞后和形态可塑性,仅靠外部形态、内部结构及生理生化指标,很难把握真菌的系统亲缘。应用DNA测序、基因组测序、比较基因组学及生物信息学等技术,研究人员可以快速识别真菌演化中出现的数量众多的单系支系,为建立各分类等级的新分类单元提供有力证据,为真菌分类学研究带来了新的希望和活力。自2000年以来,在真菌界至少发表了1新亚界、4新门、7新亚门、19新纲、9新亚纲、40余新目等高级分类单元。近3年来,我国发表了20余个真菌新属,其中绝大多数属的建立都有分子证据支持。可以预见,大量的新种、新属、新科乃至更高级分类单元将会在今后10年内持续发现和建立。这必将大大促进真菌分类学的发展,完善现有的真菌分类系统。我们应该顺势而上,利用我国丰富的真菌资源,为真菌分类学的发展做出应有贡献。与此同时,真菌分类学也面临着十分严峻的挑战。挑战主要来自3个方面,一是研究变得越来越综合,不但需要有相应的研究经费支持,而且要求从事该领域的研究人员技术更全面、知识更广博及知识更新速度更快捷;二是新物种描述进度偏慢,远远不能满足人们对物种认识和利用的日益增长的需要;三是研究人员亟需创新研究模式,以新技术、新思路、新机制来构建新的真菌分类学,加速新物种的发现和描述进度,最终为社会进步和科学发展服务。     

2020-2021年世界甲螨亚目新分类单元和近15年中国发表新种概况——纪念中国甲螨学开创100周年

甲螨是土壤动物主要的三大类群之一, 数量庞大且种类丰富。截至2020年, 中国已报道的甲螨仅占世界所有已知甲螨种类的7.6%, 这与我国已知甲螨种类真实物种状况仍有较大的差距。值此中国甲螨学开创100周年之际, 本研究以甲螨亚目为研究对象, 分别基于世界2020-2021年度和中国2007-2021年度发表的分类学文献资料, 编制了世界新增分类单元名录和近15年中国发表甲螨新种名录, 分析了新分类单元的地理分布、学者贡献和出版刊物情况。研究结果表明, 2020-2021年, 世界甲螨亚目共描述238个新分类单元, 包括新属及新亚属21个, 新种217个; 新分类单元发表的热点地区在埃塞俄比亚界、东洋界和新热带界; 描述的新分类单元由27位作者所贡献, 其中外国学者贡献占比高; 论文均发表在国外期刊上, Systematic and Applied Acarology是新分类单元发表的主要期刊。2007-2021年, 中国发表甲螨亚目新种183个, 无新科和新属发表; 新种发表的热点地区在华南区和西南区; 描述的新种由24位作者所贡献, 中国学者占主要贡献; 论文多发表在国外期刊上, Systematic and Applied Acarology和Zootaxa是新分类单元发表的主要期刊。基于以上结果, 本文认为目前从事甲螨分类学研究的学者相对较少, 发表的新分类单元在类群分布和区域分布上均表现出极不均衡的现象。传统分类学未来的发展将面临机遇和挑战。     

中国扁蚜科一新属一新种（同翅目：蚜总科）

本文研究报道了中国扁蚜科Ｈｏｒｍａｐｈｉｄｉｄａｅ１新属：光角蚜属ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ,该属隶于坚蚜亚科Ｃｅｒａｔａｐｈｉｄｉｎａｅ,并记述了１新种：山茶光角蚜ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓｃａｍｅｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ。本文提供了光角蚜属与其近缘属的示差鉴别、寄主植物和地理分布,同时绘制了９幅形态特征图。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。光角蚜属ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ,新属模式种：ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓｃａｍｅｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ。本新属与坚角蚜属ＣｅｒａｔｏｇｌｙｐｈｉｎａｖａｎｄｅｒＧｏｏｔ有较近的亲缘关系,不同在于：体背及身体缘域无蜡片分布,仅腹部背片Ⅷ有分布（后者：均有分布）;额角较长,表面光滑,无毛,不接近触角（后者：较短,表面有皱褶,有毛,接近触角）;跗节无刻纹（后者：有刻纹）;触角５节（后者：４节,偶有５节）。山茶光角蚜ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓｃａｍｅｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ,新种（图１～９）正模：无翅孤雌蚜,Ｎｏ．Ｙ１９９６－１－３－６,贵州省（锦屏县）,１９７９－Ⅹ－２４,李德友采,寄主：山茶;副模：７只无翅孤     

东亚粗叶木属（茜草科）植物纪要

修订了东亚茜草科粗叶木属植物,新归并１１个种名及２个变种名,建立１个新变种,３个新组合变种和１个新等级亚种。报道２个中国分布新记录种。讨论了一些易于混淆种的界限,以及探讨了一些种的植物地理意义。     

New modified Square Root and Schoolfield models for predicting bacterial growth rate as a function of temperature

Summary A new modified Square Root model and two new modified Schoolfield models were evaluated for their ability to predict the growth rate ofYersinia enterocolitica as a function of temperature. The new Square Root model fits the data better than both the original Square Root model and the Zwietering Square Root model. Both new Schoolfield models, a six-and a four-parameter equation, fit the data better than the original Schoolfield model. The new four-parameter Schoolfield model was developed by removing the term describing low temperature inactivation from the new six-parameter Schoolfield model. Inclusion of the two extra parameters in the new six-parameter Schoolfield model (F=318) did not significantly improve the fit compared to the new fourparameter Schoolfield model (F=488).     

麻竹不同造林方式对当年新竹生长的影响

９９４～１９９６年在福建南靖县进行麻竹（ＤｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓｌａｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｓＭｕｎｒｏ）扦插苗造林和移栽母竹造林试验,扦插苗造林发笋数比移栽母竹造林发笋数多０２５个／丛,新竹直径大１２１ｃｍ。扦插苗造林后,当年萌动新竹越多,新竹直径呈增大的趋势,随着新竹萌发的先后顺序,扦插苗造林的新竹平均直径也有相应增大的趋势。移栽母竹造林当年,新竹的大小受新竹数和母竹直径的影响显著,新竹直径与母竹直径呈正相关,新竹越多,新竹直径呈减小的趋势,其新竹平均直径随萌发先后也呈依次减小的趋势。     

中国砖格丝孢菌研究I.砖格孢属*

在进行中国砖格丝孢菌分类研究中,发现砖格孢属一个新种和两个中国新记录种。新种是泰山砖格孢Dictyosporiumtaishanensis,新记录种是索兰砖格孢Dictyosporiumsolani和七臂砖格孢Dictyosporiumheptasporum。分别对三个种进行了中文描述,并附图,新种有拉丁文描述。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

The potential of South African plants in the development of new food and beverage products

A review is presented of the history and recent trends in the exploration and development of food plants in southern Africa. The opportunities for developing new crops and new products for local and international markets are discussed. More than 120 species with potential as new food and beverage products (including functional foods, herbal teas and new flavours) are listed and a subjective rating of the commercial potential is provided for each of them. Some noteworthy examples are discussed and illustrated, including several indigenous fruits and vegetables that are as yet poorly known. There is a growing awareness of the importance of indigenous plants in new product development and numerous new products are already being developed. Basic research in botany (to guide genotype selection), horticulture (to develop new crops), food science (to focus on nutritional analyses) and marketing (to understand and develop new marketing approaches) is mentioned as important priorities.     

慈竹母株大小对克隆生长的影响

 克隆生长在慈竹种群更新中占有重要地位。本文以基径和生物量两个指标同时衡量慈竹(Neosinocalamus affinis)的母株大小,并分析了母株大小对新竹笋产生、竹笋大小和根茎大小的影响。结果表明：1）慈竹的成竹基径与一级母株基径、二级母株基径以及与2龄和3龄母株平均单株生物量呈正相关,但是成竹基径随一级母株基径增加比随二级母株基径增加而增加的速率快得多;2）慈竹母株大小与各样方中出笋数、活笋数和死笋数无显著的正相关;3）发笋母株的基径显著大于未发笋母株,但发一个笋母株与发两个以上笋母株的基径无显著差异;4）母株基径、2龄和3龄母株平均单株生物量都与根茎的长度和粗度呈显著正相关,且竹笋基径与根茎粗度也呈显著的正相关。母株大小对慈竹竹笋的影响是通过影响根茎实现的。总之,慈竹的克隆生长在个体水平受母株大小制约。     

New place and new object reactions in the brown spiny mouse,Mus platythrix Bennett

The behavioural response of the brown spiny mouse, Mus platythrix Bennett to new place and new object was studied in a plus (+) maze. The new place reaction was observed by allowing the mice to access an area which had previously been not exposed to them and the new object reaction was studied by introducing a change at the feeding point. The experiment suggested new place philia and new object philia in this species.     

Deep-sea asellote isopods of the north-east Atlantic: the family Dendrotionidae and some new ectoparasitic copepods

A new species of Dendromunna and two new species of Dendrotion are described from abundant material collected in the Rockall Trough region of the north-east Atlantic. The taxonomy of the little known benthic deep-sea asellote isopod family Dendrotionidae is reviewed and keys provided for genera and species. Also diagnosed and described are two new species belonging to a new genus of siphonostomatoid copepod found as ectoparasites on the walking legs of the new Dendromunna. The new parasites belong in the Rhizorhina group of genera within the family Nicothoidae.     

中国砖格丝孢菌研究I.砖格孢属

在进行中国砖格丝孢菌分类研究中,发现砖格孢属一个新种和两个中国新记录种。新种是泰山砖格孢Dictyosporiumtaishanensis,新记录种是索兰砖格孢Dictyosporiumsolani和七臂砖格孢Dictyosporiumheptasporum。分别对三个种进行了中文描述,并附图,新种有拉丁文描述。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

Hemispheric Asymmetry in New Neurons in Adulthood Is Associated with Vocal Learning and Auditory Memory

Many brain regions exhibit lateral differences in structure and function, and also incorporate new neurons in adulthood, thought to function in learning and in the formation of new memories. However, the contribution of new neurons to hemispheric differences in processing is unknown. The present study combines cellular, behavioral, and physiological methods to address whether 1) new neuron incorporation differs between the brain hemispheres, and 2) the degree to which hemispheric lateralization of new neurons correlates with behavioral and physiological measures of learning and memory. The songbird provides a model system for assessing the contribution of new neurons to hemispheric specialization because songbird brain areas for vocal processing are functionally lateralized and receive a continuous influx of new neurons in adulthood. In adult male zebra finches, we quantified new neurons in the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a forebrain area involved in discrimination and memory for the complex vocalizations of individual conspecifics. We assessed song learning and recorded neural responses to song in NCM. We found significantly more new neurons labeled in left than in right NCM; moreover, the degree of asymmetry in new neuron numbers was correlated with the quality of song learning and strength of neuronal memory for recently heard songs. In birds with experimentally impaired song quality, the hemispheric difference in new neurons was diminished. These results suggest that new neurons may contribute to an allocation of function between the hemispheres that underlies the learning and processing of complex signals.     

中国团藻目研究(Ⅰ)

为了配合中国孢子植物志《团藻目》编志的需要 ,作者到广西壮族自治区、内蒙古自治区、湖北省等地采集标本进行分类研究。文中报道了团藻目 6个属的 4个新种 ,1个新变种和 9个中国新记录 ,其中拟衣藻属Chloromonas和朴罗藻属 Provasoliella为我国新记录属 ,武汉朴罗藻、嗜碱衣藻、多粒衣藻、广西拟衣藻为新种 ,星状四鞭藻广西变种为新变种。     

New taxa of Hawaiian corticioid fungi are described with keys to Crustoderma, Radulomyces, and Scopuloides

Four new species of corticioid fungi from Hawaii are described and illustrated. The new genus Hemmesomyces is described to accommodate the new species H. puauluensis. Radulomyces tantalusensis, Crustoderma fuscatum and Scopuloides magnacystidiata also are described as new. In addition, the new combination Crustoderma vulcanense is proposed. Keys to the species of Crustoderma, Radulomyces and Scopuloides are provided.     

中国中三叠世龙蝎蛉新科的发现(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述龙蝎蛉新科Drakonochoristidae fam. nov.和1新亚科及其2新属、种和1个老亚科。2新属种的化石标本采自中国陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。新科性质及其分类位置在文中进行讨论。新科的建立填补这个类群在中国的空白,同时对于小蝎蛉科Nannochoristidae和二叠蝎蛉科Permochoristidae的演化关系的研究有一定的意义。这些新属、种系陕西昆虫群(陕西生物群的一个类别)铜川昆虫组合的新成员。铜川组的时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian Stage)。