细胞共养和BrdU对人和小鼠NORs活性的影响

不同种类细胞的共养可引起不同种细胞间的代谢协同现象,即在细胞相互接触的地方进行细胞间分子交换。它可降低姐妹染色单体互换频率、促进细胞DNA合成、细胞代谢缺陷互补和提高细胞对药物的敏感性。 核仁组织者(NORs)是细胞rDNA进行转录的地方,细胞银染NORs(Ag-NORs)数     

小鼠肿瘤细胞染色体核仁组织者的细胞化学观察

本文报道用Ag-AS染色技术对几种小鼠肿瘤细胞(Ehrlich腹水瘤,肉瘤180,淋巴瘤1号)核仁组织者(NORs)的观察结果,发现肿瘤细胞的NORs即18 S+28 S rDNA或核糖体基因的位置和大小与正常细胞的不同。正常小鼠细胞有3—6条染色体带有银染色的核仁组织者(Ag-NORs),分布位置都紧靠在着丝点下方;而三种小鼠肿瘤细胞都有一个中等大小的近端着丝点染色体,其Ag-NOR的位置移至长臂的中部。小鼠淋巴瘤1号     

常用实验动物肿瘤细胞染色体的研究——Ⅱ.大鼠Walker 256癌肿的核型分析

本文用几种显带染色技术和Ag-AS染色法,分析了大鼠Walker 256癌肿的核型。结果表明,Walker 256癌肿是一种亚三倍体细胞,染色体众数为57—58(18.0—23.5％),其中包括8条标记染色体。经银染色后,Walker 256癌肿有3条染色体显示有银染核仁组织者(Ag-NORs)。     

十一种灵长类染色体核仁组织者(N0Rs)的比较研究

核仁组织者区域(NORs)存在185+285核糖体核糖核酸(rRNA)的密码基因(rDNA),可用银染色技术特异性地显示出来。Schwarzacher等(1978),用光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究了银染色体的原理,证明银可染物质是活性NORs周围或外面的酸性蛋白,而不是基因本身。 许多学者先后以银染色技术,测定了狨猴(Saguinusoedipus,Saguinus fuscicollis,Callithrix jacchus)、恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)、食蟹猴(M.fasciculars)、狒狒(Papio papio)等猴子的核仁组织者区域(Bedard等,1978;Goodpasture等,1975;Dutrillaux等1979)。Tantravahi等(1976)对人、黑猩猩猿(Pan troglodytes)、大猩猩(Gorlla gorilla)、猩猩(Pongo Pygmaeus)、银色长臂(Hylobates moloch)进行了NORs的比较研究。 本文报告了我国灵长类动物5个属11个种染色体的银染色的NORs(Ag—NORs)分布,并作了初步比较。     

尼罗罗非鱼染色体的C带、Ag带和减数分裂联会复合体的研究

以Sumner法和界面铺张——硝酸银技术,对尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia nilotica)染色体C带、Ag染带及减数分裂前期精母细胞联会复合体(SC)进行了显微和亚显微结构观察。 尼罗罗非鱼的2n=44,核型可分为三个组:第一组为4对亚中着丝粒染色体;第二组为17对亚端着丝粒染色体;第三组为具1对端着丝粒的特大染色体。 结构异染色质主要分布于着丝粒附近,其中Nos.6、8、15亚中着丝粒染色体短臂全部深染。带有银染核仁组织者(Ag-NORs)染色体的数目为2—6条,NORs均位于6、8、15亚中着丝粒染色体短臂。 银染色可清楚地显示尼罗罗非鱼的联会复合体(SC)结构和减数分裂行为。SC组型与有丝分裂染色体的组型有较好的一致性。     

黄颡鱼染色体的C-带、Ag-NORs、荧光带和复制带显带的研究

采用Giemas染色、C-带、Ag-NORs、荧光染色和复制带显带的技术对黄颡鱼染色体进行了研究。结果表明, 黄颡鱼只有部分的染色体呈现阳性C-带, 可分为三类, 其中NORs区是染色最深、染色面积最大的区域, 为深染居间C-带。其Ag-NORs位于m5q末端。CMA3染色显示 NORs区呈现出明亮的荧光。中复制染色体上着丝粒区、端粒区和居间区浅染。发现核仁缢痕、深染居间C-带、Ag-NORs、CMA3明亮区和中复制带浅染NORs区位置基本一致, C-带阳性区和中复制带浅染区具有对应性。 Abstract　Metaphase chromosomes of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were analyzed by means of Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NORs, fluorochrome staining and replication banding. Only parts of chromosomes showed C-band positive, the C-band heterochromatin was located in three regions. The NORs-bearing chromosomes had the largest and strongest C-bands. The long arms of chromosome pair 5 were the regions showing positive labeling with Ag-staining. Fluorochrome CMA3positively stained the NORs. In mid-period, negative replication bands were located in the centromere, the terminal and interstitial regions of the chromosomes. The distributions of secondary ?constri-ctions, positive C-bands, Ag-NORs, positive fluorescence bands and negative replication bands of mid-period were coincident.     

一例硬皮病人自发抗核仁抗体的免疫荧光及其与银染的比较研究

从硬皮病人血清中筛选出一例含有自发抗核仁抗体的血清,利用这个血清对核仁抗原的性质及其在细胞中随分裂周期不同产生的分布变化做了初步研究,并把结果与核仁嗜银蛋白做了比较。间接免疫荧光染色及细胞化学分析表明,这种核仁抗原的性质是蛋白质,其分布与嗜银蛋白相似,在间期,抗原呈颗粒状簇集在核仁中,而在分裂中期,抗原颗粒与染色体NORs部位接合,但有证据指出,这种抗原蛋白与核仁嗜银蛋白有所不同,同时还发现,经长时间秋水仙素处理诱导产生微核化的多核细胞中尽管微核的数目远多于细胞中NORs的数目,免疫荧光染色和银染都显示出每个微核中类核仁小体的存在。这说明(1)类核仁小体也是由核仁物质构成;(2)某些类核仁小体的产生可能与NORs无关。对这个现象的意义进行了讨论。     

原尾蜥虎的核型和Ag-NORs研究

对原晰虎进行了核型和核仁组织者（NORs)研究,表明原尾蜥虎的2n=46,全部由23对各级大小的端着丝粒染色体组成,染色体由大至小排列,其长度依次递减,没有大染色体和小染色体的明显界限,未发现异形性染色体对。原尾蜥虎有一对Ag-NORs位于No.2的端丝粒染色体的近端区。     

尼罗罗非鱼染色体的C带,Ag带和减数分裂联合复合体的研究

以Sunmer法和界面铺张——硝酸银技术,对尼罗罗非鱼（Tilapia nilotica）染色体C带,Ag染带及减数分裂前期精母细胞联会复合体（SC）进行了显微和亚显微结构观察。尼罗罗非鱼的2n=44,核型可分为三个组：第一组为4对亚中着丝粒染色体;第二组为17对亚端着丝粒染色体;第三组为具1对端着丝粒的特大染色体。结构异染色质主要分布于着丝粒附近,其中Nos.6、8、15亚中着丝粒染色体短臂全部深染。带有银染核仁组织者（Ag-NORs）染色体的数目为2-6条,NORs均位于6、8、15亚中着丝粒染色体短臂。银染色可清楚地显示尼罗罗非鱼的联会复合体（SC）结构和减数分裂行为。SC组型与有丝分裂染色体的组型有较好的一致性。     

十一种灵长类染色体核仁组织者(NORs)的比较研究

本文报告了我国灵长类动物5个属11个种染色体的银染色的NORs（Ag-NORs）分布,并作了初步比较。     

舟山岛东部地区小型兽类的群落组成与动态分析

１９９０年７月至１９９２年１２月在浙江舟山岛东部地区每月定点调查小型兽类的群落组成和数量动态。该地区可划分为室内、房周围、稻田区、山地和山林等五类生境的５个小兽群落。群落相似性指数以稻田区的黑线姬鼠＋黄毛鼠群落与山地的黑线姬鼠＋黄毛鼠群落最高,多样性指数和均匀性指数以房周围臭Ｑｕ＋黄毛鼠＋褐家鼠群落最高。各群落的全年数量动态可分为双峰型（室内和山地生境）与单峰型（其余３种生境）。对各群落种类组成的     

Small Mammal Investigation in Spotted Fever Focus with DNA-Barcoding and Taxonomic Implications on Rodents Species from Hainan of China

Although mammals are a well-studied group of animals, making accurate field identification of small mammals is still complex because of morphological variation across developmental stages, color variation of pelages, and often damaged osteological and dental characteristics. In 2008, small mammals were collected for an epidemiological study of a spotted fever outbreak in Hainan, China. Ten species of small mammals were identified by morphological characters in the field, most using pelage color characters only. The study is extended here, in order to assess whether DNA barcoding would be suitable as an identification tool in these small mammals. Barcode clusters showed some incongruence with morphospecies, especially for some species of Rattus and Niviventer, so molecular delineation was carried out with an expanded dataset of combined cytochrome b (Cyt-b) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. COI sequences were successfully amplified from 83% of collected mammals, but failed in all specimens of Suncus murinus, which were thus excluded in DNA barcoding analysis. Of note, ten molecular taxonomic units were found from samples of nine morphologically identified species. Accordingly, 11 species of small mammals were present in the investigated areas, including four Rattus species, three Niviventer species, Callosciurus erythraeus, Neohylomys hainanensis, Tupaia belangeri, and Suncus murinus. Based on the results of the phylogenetic and molecular delineation analyses, the systematic status of some rodent species should be redefined. R. rattus hainanicus and R. rattus sladeni are synonyms of R. andamanensis. R. losea from China and Southeast Asia comprises two independent species: R. losea and R. sakeratensis. Finally, the taxonomic status of three putative species of Niviventer should be further confirmed according to morphological, molecular and ecological characters.     

钱塘江河口滩涂围垦区农田小型兽类群落结构的初步研究

1987年8月和1989年8月,作者根据钱塘江河口滩涂不同年份进行围垦农田的土壤特性和不同农作物的生长地的条件,选择7个不同的样区,调查各样区内小型兽类的群落组成和数量比例,划分相应的群落,群落中的相似性指数以群落C与D最高,多样性指数和均匀度指数以群落E最高。黄毛鼠的分布与土壤的盐度及有机质C/N值之间有极显著的相关性。     

黄毛鼠婚配制度初探:熟悉性对两性间行为的影响

为探究黄毛鼠的婚配制度,通过雌雄黄毛鼠对熟悉和陌生异性鼠的选择实验和遭遇实验,分析了熟悉性对两性间行为的影响.结果发现,选择实验中雌鼠对陌生雄鼠的关注频次比对熟悉雄鼠的更多;遭遇实验中尽管雌鼠探究和自身修饰行为、雄鼠的活动和攻击行为在遭遇熟悉或陌生异性鼠时有差异,但雌雄鼠的友好行为均无显著差异,暗示黄毛鼠是多配制,但需...     

六种鼠乳酸脱氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶位点变异的研究

用电泳比较分析了鼠科动物６个种的组织ＬＤＨ同工酶的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ亚基和ＳＯＤ同工酶位点的种属差异。结果表明,ＬＤＨ的Ａ和Ｂ亚基在进化上的可变性程度不同。在被分析的２个属共６种鼠中,首次发现Ｂ亚基的结构具有属的特征,同属的鼠种Ｂ亚基泳动度相同,在垂直凝胶电泳板上处于同一泳动线上。不同属的鼠其Ｂ亚基泳动度不同,家鼠属的鼠Ｂ亚基比姬鼠属的泳动快;Ａ亚基的结构既有属的特性,更具有种的特征,同属不同种的鼠Ａ亚基泳动速度不同,表现为ＬＤＨ同工酶带的间距不同。ＬＤＨ的Ｃ亚基结构因鼠种不同而异,由Ｃ亚基组成的ＬＤＨ－Ｘ带黄毛鼠位于自身的ＬＤＨ－３和ＬＤＨ－４之间,社鼠和褐家鼠此带位于自身的ＬＤＨ－４和ＬＤＨ－５之间,白腹巨鼠此带位于自身的ＬＤＨ－５以外的阴极端,与黑线姬鼠此带的位置特征相同。ＳＯＤ同工酶带只表现种的差异,其３条带泳动速度的改变具有协同而变的共同特点。被分析的鼠种经配对法比较生化特征的相同程度,初步表明黄毛鼠亲缘上与褐家鼠比较近,白腹巨鼠亲缘上又比其余３种鼠更近于姬鼠属。     

Dating of divergences within the Rattus genus phylogeny using whole mitochondrial genomes

The timing and order of divergences within the genus Rattus have, to date, been quite speculative. In order to address these important issues we sequenced six new whole mitochondrial genomes from wild-caught specimens from four species, Rattus exulans, Rattus praetor, Rattus rattus and Rattus tanezumi. The only rat whole mitochondrial genomes available previously were all from Rattus norvegicus specimens. Our phylogenetic and dating analyses place the deepest divergence within Rattus at approximately 3.5 million years ago (Mya). This divergence separates the New Guinean endemic R. praetor lineage from the Asian lineages. Within the Asian/Island Southeast Asian clade R. norvegicus diverged earliest at approximately 2.9Mya. R. exulans and the ancestor of the sister species R. rattus and R. tanezumi subsequently diverged at approximately 2.2Mya, with R. rattus and R. tanezumi separating as recently as approximately 0.4Mya. Our results give both a better resolved species divergence order and diversification dates within Rattus than previous studies.     

Pattern of activity of nucleolus organizers during spermatogenesis in mammals as analyzed by silver-staining

Silver-staining in the nuclei and chromosomes of spermatogenesis of four species of mammals (Man, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Cavia cobaya) was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. These species show a very similar pattern of activity of the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) during the various stages of spermatogenesis. Silver precipitates are detectable in growing spermatogonia and up until the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase. During the meiotic metaphases I and II and during interkinesis silver-stainability disappears completely. A resumption of silverstainability occurs in round spermatids indicating a postmeiotic reactivation of NORs. This process does not persist beyond the early elongation phase. The quantitative determination of the silver-covered areas in relation to the total nuclear areas reveals minor differences between the species investigated with regard to the times and extents of maximum activation. The known localizations of the NORs in the karyotypes of the species investigated was confirmed using metaphase-preparations derived from somatic tissues.     

六种鼠组织中过氧化物酶和酯酶变异的比较

本文研究姬鼠属（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓ）２种鼠和鼠属（Ｒａｔｕｓ）４种鼠的心组织过氧化物酶和肝组织酯酶同工酶等位基因的变异。结果表明,６种鼠心组织过氧化物酶皆为４条区带,其中社鼠和白腹巨鼠的酶带泳动速度略快于褐家鼠和黄毛鼠的酶带;鼠属４种鼠的酶带间距大致相同,而姬鼠属的酶带间距略大于鼠属,这种谱型的区别就所分析的６种鼠而言,可以认为是该同工酶表现的属间区别。肝组织酯酶区带较多,其酶带数和泳动速度的差异具有明显的种间特征;泳动最快的酶带在姬鼠中是２条,在鼠属中是１条,可以认为是属间特征的区别。从９项生化指标的异同作动物配对比较,表明褐家鼠与黄毛鼠亲缘上较近,社鼠与白腹巨鼠亲缘上也较近,而且白腹巨鼠在进化上可能要比其余３种鼠属动物更接近于姬鼠属     

中国啮齿类繁殖参数的地理变异

本文综述了我国8个鼠种(Cricetulus triton,Cricetulus barabensis,Microtus fortis,Apo—demus agrarius,Rattus norvegicus,Rattus losea,Rattus flavipectus,Mus musculus)的繁殖参数在不同纬度、经度和海拔上的变异趋势。8种鼠的胎仔数,怀胎率和生殖强度(胎仔数×怀胎率/性比)随纬度、海拔增加有增加的趋势;繁殖期和性比()有减小趋势。各繁殖参数在经度上的变化规律尚不清楚。野外小家鼠的胎仔数,雌性比例、怀胎率和生殖强度均比居民区大。 在高纬度、高海拔地区,种群增大生殖强度在于补偿较短的繁殖期和较低的存活率,以维持种群稳定和繁衍成功。这种繁殖对策是自然选择的结果。